LCA Modeling for Automotive Applications

Transcription

1 LCA Modeling for Automotive Applications Russ Balzer WorldAutoSteel

2 Automotive Group of the World Steel Association MEMBER COMPANIES: Ansteel Arcelor Mittal Baosteel China Steel JFE JSW Steel Hyundai Steel Kobe Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Nucor POSCO Severstal SSAB Tata Steel ThyssenKrupp USIMINAS U. S. Steel voestalpine

3 Tailpipe Emissions Standards Are Becoming more stringent Across The Globe Source: International Council on Clean Transportation August 2011

4 The Problem with Tailpipe-only GHG Emission Regulations Material Production GHG comparison for a functionally equivalent component - example Mid-Range CO 2 e Estimated Part Weight (kg) (kg CO 2 e) Mild Steel Advanced High-Strength Steel Aluminium Magnesium Carbon FRP

5 An unintended consequence of tailpipe-only regulations Vehicle Production emissions Tailpipe emissions Cost Result: potential for overall higher GHG emissions at higher cost

6 What Does The Future Hold? Effect of increased powertrain efficiency and alternative fuels on carbon footprint Battery electric vehicle Fuel economy or tailpipe emissions standards are not enough to ensure overall reductions in automotive GHG emissions.

7 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Source: worldsteel

8 WorldAutoSteel Operations WorldAutoSteel Automotive LCA Advocacy we re on a journey Life Cycle Assessment Members Modeling Customers Mission: Advance and Communicate Messaging Communications implementation Policy Makers - Asia Case Studies Policy Makers U.S. Policy Makers - EU Objective Influence policy and material selection decisions to include a life cycle assessment methodology, and metrics beyond tailpipe emissions. Technical Development Integration with worldsteel LCA Experts for methodology guidance, consistency and market alliance. Continuous modeling improvements Development of Case Studies and Key Messaging Engage Policy Makers Develop Global Steel Team LCA & Automotive experts Ongoing Commitment Achieve alignment Provide communication tools Build on U.S. program Apply lessons learned Action Plan for Regional Mtgs

9 Automotive Materials Comparison Models UCSB Automotive Materials Energy and GHG Comparison Model Design Advisor autolca

10 Full-vehicle model using peer-reviewed LCA methodology GHG and Total Primary Energy UCSB Automotive Materials Greenhouse Gas Comparison Model

11 UCSB Automotive Materials Greenhouse Gas Comparison Model 7 Powertrains 5 vehicle classes 3 driving cycles 2 Recycling Methodologies MSR CSE

12 UCSB Automotive Materials Greenhouse Gas Comparison Model Fully parameterized and transparent End of Life Management of Vehicle Collection Shredder Material Recycling Recovery Rate in % in % in % in % Conventional Steel Flat carbon steel 97% 98% 95% 90.3% Long & special steel 97% 98% 95% 90.3% Cast iron 97% 98% 95% 90.3% AHSS (ULSAB-AVC) Flat carbon steel 97% 98% 95% 90.3% Long & special steel 97% 98% 95% 90.3% Cast iron 97% 98% 95% 90.3% Aluminum Rolled aluminum 97% 90% 90% 78.6% Extruded aluminum 97% 90% 90% 78.6% Cast aluminum 97% 90% 90% 78.6% Composites SMC 0.0% GFRP 0.0% CFRP 0.0% Magnesium Cast Mg 97% 90% 90% 78.6% Zirmax AZ91 Alloy 97% 90% 90% 78.6% Rolled Mg 97% 90% 90% 78.6%

13 Design Advisor Vehicle system level analysis of component material options Comparison of mass, cost, GHG emissions

14 Design Advisor Multiple Secondary Mass Change methodologies

15 Design Advisor nominal vehicle better Comparison Base-line to Perturbed resized vehicle better Perturbed Performance nominal resized difference % of nom % % % Built-in Sensitivity Analysis Run Analysis % % % 0-10% % % % % % % % % Competitor component mass Nominal vehicle mass Vehicle mass compounding Fuel consumption mass sensitivity Fuel CO2/unit Reset parameter values Material CO2/kg - Original Part Material CO2/kg - Competitor Part Recy cling Rate - Original Part Recy cling Rate - Competitor Part Recy cling CO2/kg - Original Part Recy cling CO2/kg - Competitor Part

16 Design Advisor DA Workshop When Friday, June 7 th, 8:30 AM 3:00 PM Where Steel Market Development Institute Southfield, MI Sign up at:

17 Importation of UCSB methodology into GaBi modeling software Ganzheitliche Bilanz ( Holistic Balance ) Connection to GaBi datasets Standardized data Full LCI data GaBi is used globally

18 GaBi datasets 4700 LCI (Lifecycle Inventory) Datasets Database upgrades every year Standardization of methods and boundaries across datasets

19 Full LCI data means we can explore impacts beyond GWP Product Environmental Footprint TRACI

20 GaBi is used by major OEMs all over the world

21 Toyota Venza Study in Phase 1 report released 2010 AHSS-intensive Multi-material Phase 2 report released 2012 Al-intensive

22 Toyota Venza Study in

23 Toyota Venza Study in Low Development Phase 1 AHSS intensive High Development Phase 1 Multi-material (AL, CFRP, Mg) High Development Phase 2 Al intensive Table 8 - Summary of Results - TRACI Categories Baseline Vehicle Contender Vehicle 1 Contender Vehicle 2 TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air [kg CO2-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Acidification Air [kg SO2-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Eutrophication Air [kg N-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion Air [kg CFC 11-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Smog Air [kg O3-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Acidification Water [kg SO2-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Eutrophication Water [kg N-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended) [CTUeco] TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended) [CTUh] E E E-07 TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended) [CTUh] E E E-08 TRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate Air [kg PM2,5-Equiv.] TRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuels [MJ surplus energy]

24 Toyota Venza Study in Low Development Phase 1 AHSS intensive High Development Phase 1 Multi-material (AL, CFRP, Mg) High Development Phase 2 Al intensive Table 5 - Summary of Results - PEF Categories Baseline Vehicle Contender Vehicle 1 Contender Vehicle 2 Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv.] IPCC global warming, excl biogenic carbon [kg CO2-Equiv.] Ozone Depletion Potential [kg R11-Equiv.] Photochemical Oxidant Formation [kg NMVOC] Acidification Potential [Moles of N or S-Equiv.] Terrestrial Eutrophication [Moles of N or S-Equiv.] Aquatic Eutrophication [kg P eq] Ecotoxicity (USEtox) [CTUeco] Human Toxicity, Cancer (USEtox) [CTUh] E E E-06 Human Toxicity, Non-canc. (USEtox) [CTUh] Particulate Matter/Respiratory Inorganics [kg PM2,5-Equiv.] Resource Depletion (Fossil and Mineral) [kg Sb-Equiv.]

25 Downloads and Workshops See the bookmark and flier included in your bag. Workshop Free Downloads Design Advisor Workshop June 7, 2013 For more information and registration visit

26 LCA Modeling for Automotive Applications Thank You! Questions? Please contact me at

27 PRESENTATIONS WILL BE AVAILABLE MAY 3 Use your web-enabled device to download the presentations from today s event Great Designs in Steel is Sponsored by: