EUROMED MARE FORUM 14 September 2010 THE REFORM OF MEDITERRANEAN PORTS: GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

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1 EUROMED MARE FORUM 14 September 2010 THE REFORM OF MEDITERRANEAN PORTS: GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY Dr Laurent FEDI Ph.D. in Maritime Law Professor Euromed Management

2 Plan 1) INTRODUCTION 2) THE MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK 3) THE NEW MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE PORT GOVERNANCE 4) CONCLUSION 2

3 THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA REPRESENTS LESS THAN 1 % OF THE TOTAL SURFACE OF OCEANS THE LARGEST EUROPEAN SEA ADJOINING 7 EUROPEAN MEMBER STATES and ROUGHLY 10 THIRD COUNTRIES 3

4 THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA 28 % OF ENDEMIC SPECIES 7.5 % OF WORLDWIDE FAUNA AND 18 % OF MARINE WILDLIFE = AN EXCEPTIONAL MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY 4

5 THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA Source: Container Terminal Services 5

6 THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA THE 2020 FORECASTS THE HARBOUR FLOWS WILL DOUBLE IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS = CAPTIVE FREIGHT: 30 M UP TO 90 M TONS = TRANSSHIPMENT FREIGHT: 20 M UP TO 60 M TONS 6

7 THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA Source: Container Terminal Services 7

8 THE MEDITERRANEAN PORT STAKES THREE MAIN CHALLENGES: LIBERALISATION OF ECONOMY MODERNISATION OF PORT FACILITIES GROWTH OF CONTAINER TRAFFIC 8

9 A NEW GOVERNANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN PORTS STATUTORY REFORMS FOR SEVERAL MARITIME PORTS (Northern and Southern Mediterranean) A STRONG AND ON-GOING MOVEMENT A long list: = Italy, Spain, Greece, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Turkey, France A LONG PROCESS 9

10 A NEW GOVERNANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN PORTS LANDLORD PORT MODEL = INFRASTRUCTURE BELONGS TO PUBLIC BODIES = SUPERSTRUCTURE BELONGS TO PRIVATE COMPANIES A NEW ROLE FOR PORT AUTHORITIES 10

11 A CLEAR SPLIT PORT s ROLE: PUBLIC BODIES -PROMOTION -REGULATION = A STRATEGIC ROLE -SAFETY AND SECURITY -ENVIRONMENT = PUBLIC UTILITIES OPERATOR s ROLE: PRIVATE COMPANIES -SUPERSTRUCTURE FINANCING = A FUNDING ROLE -TERMINAL OPERATIONS = COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES 11

12 A CLOSE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC SECTOR PPP PRIVATE SECTOR 12

13 IT WORKS CARRIER RS S STEVEDORES ES MSC Cosco Everg reen APM Terminals P&O Nedlloyd CMA-CGM a b c d e f PSA P&O Ports Eurog ate TCB Dragados DubaiPort DP World Aut. Dotted symbols show projects un der development d 4 Algeçiras Venice Genoa a 1 2 a 1 c Rav enna 6 5 b 1 c La Spezia Fos c d Livorno Barcelona 2 d 1 Naples 1 3 e c Taranto Valencia c 5 e Salerno Malaga & Cagliari c 4 Alicante Gioia Tauro b 6 Malta Ambarli c Novorossijsk f 4 Constantza 1 f Yarimca a Mersin Source: «Ports and Traffic in the Mediterranean Arena» Prof. Enrico Musso 13

14 Plan 1) INTRODUCTION 2) THE MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK 3) THE NEW MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE PORT GOVERNANCE 4) CONCLUSION 14

15 A WIDE FRAMEWORK TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FRAGILE MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM A NON- COMPULSORY FRAMEWORK A COMPULSORY FRAMEWORK 15

16 THE NON-COMPULSORY FRAMEWORK THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME - UNEP THE MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN & BARCELONA CONVENTION1975 THE BARCELONA CONVENTION UPDATES1995 THE BARCELONA PROCESS THE MEDITERRANEAN COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

17 THE NON-COMPULSORY FRAMEWORK THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (tbc) THE SHORT AND MEDIUM-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PROGRAMME 1997 THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURING POLICY 2004 THE MEDITERRANEAN STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

18 THE NON-COMPULSORY FRAMEWORK THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (tbc) HORIZON 2020 INITIATIVE THE STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME 2005 THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD AND PARTERNSHIP INSTRUMENT 2007

19 THE MAIN OBJECTIVES DE-POLLUTING and CLEANING-UP THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA!!! IMPROVING INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE AND WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT ENSURING SUSTANAIBLE MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY AND MITIGATING OF AND ADAPTING TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ENSURING SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY THROUGH THE APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT 19

20 THE MAIN OBJECTIVES PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MED SEA AND COASTAL ZONES 20

21 THE MAIN OBJECTIVES AND TAKING URGENT ACTION TO PUT AN END TO THE DEGRADATION OF COASTAL ZONES TARGET SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND APPROXIMATION TO EU POLICIES AND STANDARDS 21

22 THE COMPULSORY RULES THE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION: DIRECTIVE 92/43/ECC of 21 MAY 1992 ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL HABITATS AND WILD FAUNA AND FLORA DIRECTIVE 2009/147/EC of 30 NOVEMBER 2009 ON THE CONSERVATION OF WILD BIRDS DIRECTIVE 85/337/EEC of 27 JUNE 1985 ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROJECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT EIA DIRECTIVE 2000/59/EC of 27 NOVEMBER 2000 ON PORT RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR SHIP-GENERATED WASTE AND CARGO RESIDUES 22

23 THE COMPULSORY RULES THE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION: DIRECTIVE 2001/41/EC of 27 JUNE 2001 ON THE ASSESSEMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ON THE ENVIRONMENT DIRECTIVE 2001/96/EC of 4 DECEMBER 2001 ESTABLISHING HARMONISED REQUIEREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE SAFE LOADING AND UNLOADING OF BULK CARRIERS DIRECTIVE 2002/59/EC of 27 JUNE 2002 ESTABLISHING A COMMUNITY VESSEL TRAFFIC MONITORING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM PLACE OF REFUGE ETC. 23

24 A STRONG INTERDEPENDENCE! NORTH SOUTH 24

25 Plan 1) INTRODUCTION 2) THE MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK 3) THE NEW MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE PORT GOVERNANCE 4) CONCLUSION 25

26 EUROPEAN PORTS LEADING THE WAY THE ESPO ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF PRACTICE = ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CODE 10 «GREEN» COMMANDMENTS = RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES 26

27 EUROPEAN PORTS LEADING THE ECOPORTS FOUNDATION: = A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION SET UP IN 2000 A NETWORK PLATFORM WHERE EUROPEAN PORT ADMINISTRATIONS EXCHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERIENCE 27

28 NEW ENVIRONMENTAL BODIES SOME KEY EXAMPLES: THE AGENCY FOR THE COASTAL PROMOTION AND PROTECTION ALGERIA THE NATIONAL AGENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - TUNISIA THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES - MOROCCO 28

29 A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SOME KEY EXAMPLES: DIAGNOSIS TOOLS TRAINING PROGRAMMES POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE 29

30 A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRINGENT PROCESS: MONITORING SANCTIONS COMPENSATION 30

31 NEW SUSTAINABLE ACTIONS A VOLUNTARY COMMITMENT AND SELF- REGULATION: TANGIER MED PORT: ISO CERTIFICATION MARINE GREEN DAYS ORGANISED BY TUNISIAN PORTS 31

32 Plan 1) INTRODUCTION 2) THE MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK 3) THE NEW MEDITERRANEAN SUSTAINABLE PORT GOVERNANCE 4) CONCLUSION 32

33 THE CHALLENGE FOR MEDITERRANEAN PORTS IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AN EQUAL PROTECTION FOR BOTH THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN SHORES! 33

34 HOW TO ACCELARATE THE PORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? OPRC, ISPS & BLU Codes HAVE DEMONSTRATED THEIR RELEVANT SYSTEMIC APPROACH INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN A COMPULSORY IMO CODE: «IPSEM Code» International Port Safety & Environmental Protection Code 34

35 CONCLUSION A SYSTEMIC APPROACH FOR MARITIME & PORT FACILITIES: IN GLOBAL CONTEXT & CHALLENGES THIS IS THE BEST WAY TO IMPROVE SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TO GIVE OPERATORS A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY AND PROMOTE A FAIR PLAYING FIELD! 35

36 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Dr Laurent FEDI Ph.D. in Maritime Law Professor Euromed Management 36