2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE i

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1 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE i

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3 Table of Contents Executive Summary - The Regional Municipality of York Introduction Overview of an Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Purpose of Updating the Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Background and Context About The Regional Municipality of York Vision and Strategic Direction Greenhouse Gas Emissions s in Context Scope and Scale of the Plan The ECDM Plan Update Development Process Best-In-Class Review Staff Workshops Greenhouse Gas Emissions Modelling Methodology Corporate Energy Consumption Where is York Region Now? Highlights of Existing Initiatives and Past Successes in York Region Emissions by Category ( ) Moving Toward Zero Emissions Program Components Buildings B1: New Building Design (Silver Standard) B2: Existing Building Retrofits B3: Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change B4: Deep Building Retrofits B5: Housing York Inc. New Building Design B6: Housing York Inc. Existing Building Retrofit B7: Housing York Inc. Operations & Maintenance and Tenant Behaviour Change B8: Enhanced Energy Technical Standards B9: Enabling Program Components Fleets Non-Transit Fleet ECDM PLAN UPDATE iii

4 F1: Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement F2: Anti-Idling Policy F3: Efficient Driver Training F4: Personal Vehicle Use F5: Electric Vehicles F6: Enabling Program Components Transit Fleet T1: Operator Behaviour (init Technologies) T2: In-Vehicle Technology T3: Electric Buses T4: Enabling Program Components Water and Wastewater Processes W1: Water Conservation W2: Energy Audit Program W3: Optimization of the Aeration Process W4: On-Site Energy Generation and Recovery W5: Pressure District Energy Optimization Pilot Project W6: Enabling Program Components Street Lights S1: Street Light Conversion Renewable Energy Generation R1: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Greenhouse Gas Emissions s Targets Implementation Framework Governance and Collaboration Communications Benchmarking, Measurement and Verification Long-Term Planning and Decision-Making Criteria Green Procurement Policy Third-Party Service Provider Energy Conservation Incentive Program Available Funding Opportunities Green Energy Initiatives Fund iv york.ca

5 7.9 Reporting Recognition Plan Renewal Appendix A: Review of Best-In-Class Appendix B: Review of Lower-Tier Area Municipality ECDM Plans Appendix C: Staff Workshop Summaries List of Tables Table 1: Plan Update Components Buildings... 4 Table 2: Plan Update Components: Non-Transit Fleets... 5 Table 3: Plan Update Components: Transit Fleet Table 4: Plan Update Components: Water and Wastewater Processes... 5 Table 5: Plan Update Components: Street Lights Table 6: Plan Update Components: Renewables... 6 Table 7: Combined Regional Emissions Targets.. 6 Table 8: Solar Photovoltaic Projects Table 9: Combined Regional Emissions Targets.. 32 Table 10: Summary of Program Components by Category Table 11: Summary of New Building Design (Silver Standard). 39 Table 12: Summary of Existing Building Retrofits.. 40 Table 13: Summary of Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change Table 14: Summary of Deep Building Retrofits Table 15: Summary of Housing York Inc. New Building Design Table 16: Summary of Housing York Inc. Existing Building Retrofits 44 Table 17: Summary of Housing York Inc. Operations, Maintenance and Tenant Behaviour Change 45 Table 18: Summary of Enhanced Energy and Technical Standards.. 45 Table 19: Building Targets.. 47 Table 20: Housing York Inc. Targets Table 21: Summary of Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement Table 22: Summary of Anti-idling Policy.. 53 Table 23: Summary of Efficient Driver Training.. 53 Table 24: Summary of Personal Vehicle Use ECDM PLAN UPDATE v

6 Table 25: Summary of Electric Vehicles 55 Table 26: Non-Transit Fleet Targets 56 Table 27: Summary of Operator Behaviour (init Technologies). 59 Table 28: Summary of In-Vehicle Technology.. 60 Table 29: Summary of Electric Buses. 61 Table 30: York Region Transit Targets 61 Table 31: Summary of Water Conservation s 64 Table 32: Summary of Wastewater Optimization of Aeration Process Upgrade. 65 Table 33: Water and Wastewater Processing Targets Table 34: Summary of Street Light Conversion 69 Table 35: Street Lighting Targets.. 69 Table 36: Solar PV Installation Data 70 Table 37: Summary of Solar Photovoltaic 71 Table 38: Renewable Energy Targets. 71 Table 39: Emissions s by 5-year, 10-year, and Long-Term Planning Period. 73 Table 40: Key Performance Indicators.. 79 List of Figures Figure 1: Regional Emissions from Figure 2: Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trend ( ). 3 Figure 3: Scope of the Plan Update Figure 4: Regional Emissions from Figure 5: Forecasted Trend ( ). 31 Figure 6: Forecasted Corporate Emissions and Proposed s 31 Figure 7: Greenhouse Gas Emission s from Fleet.. 49 Figure 8: Summary of Emissions s by Component. 72 Figure 9: Per Capita Targets (Short and Long Term) 75 Figure 10: Partners for Climate Protection Milestone Framework vi york.ca

7 Executive Summary - The Regional Municipality of York Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update The following provides a summary of The Regional Municipality of York s (York Region or the Region) Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update (Plan Update). The Plan Update will be available on the York.ca website, York Region s intranet site and at the York Region Administrative Centre upon endorsement by Council. York Region s Commitment to Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions York Region has a history of actively pursuing greenhouse gas () emission reductions; most notably through Vision 2051, a bold and innovative strategy to guide York Region in creating strong, caring and safe communities designed with sustainability in mind. As a key guidance document for Council, staff and the community, Vision 2051 defines a path towards a sustainable future. Living Sustainably, one of eight Vision 2051 goals, includes a series of objectives to reduce energy consumption and emissions, including: strategies that support a low-carbon transportation system; new construction and retrofits that move towards zero carbon buildings; exploration of renewable and alternate energy generation; reduction of energy and emissions in water and wastewater infrastructure; and fostering behaviour changes that reduce emissions. All of these objectives are underpinned by an aspirational directive to encourage initiatives that move toward zero greenhouse gas emissions by As such Vision 2051 provides the overarching direction and impetus to develop this Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update. Energy Conservation and Demand Management plans are required under the Green Energy Act, 2009 (GEA) and Ontario Regulation 397/11, made under the GEA. The requirements direct all public agencies in Ontario to prepare, publicly report, and implement Energy and Conservation Demand Management plans. An Energy and Conservation Demand Management Plan is comprised of the following core elements: 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 1

8 A summary of the annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas () emissions for corporate operations; A description of the goals and objectives for conserving and reducing energy consumption and managing energy demand; and A description of previous, current and proposed actions to conserve energy and manage demand, including a forecast of expected results for current and proposed solutions. Energy and Conservation Demand Management plans are designed to address only energy and emissions from the municipality s operations, and do not include emissions at the community level. Other plans, such as community energy plans or community climate action plans, are those that address community-wide emissions. Typically municipal emissions represent one to three per cent of total community emissions. 1 To fulfill requirements of Ontario Regulation 397/11 and the GEA, York Region developed and submitted an initial Energy and Conservation Demand Management Plan to the Ministry of Energy on July 1, The initial plan provided high level direction for the Region, while this Plan Update provides York Region s specific program components that position the corporation as a leader in implementing concrete actions that significantly reduce emissions. The Plan Update is consistent with the Plan requirements of the GEA and forms the basis for a five-year operational review in York Region s Current Activities and Greenhouse Gas Emission Levels York Region has put in place a number of initiatives to reduce emissions including integrating energy efficiency and emission reductions in the Regional Official Plan (ROP 2010) policies as identified in Section 2.2. The Region also implements a minimum LEED Silver standard for all new Regional buildings over 500 m 2 that has facilitated energy efficiencies across the building portfolio. Actions by corporate fleet, Police and Paramedic and Seniors Services have included replacing vehicles with more fuel efficient models and Transit has reduced personal vehicle use in the community through the provision of transit services. Even with these progressive actions, corporate emissions continue to increase as services are brought online to serve current and future population needs. York Region first started to track corporate emissions in Between 2006 and 2014 the Region s population and total emissions increased by 20 per cent and 29 per cent respectively. Population growth accounts for the largest proportion of emissions growth because the Region is delivering services to a larger population. Emissions growth in excess of population growth is the result of investments in infrastructure and services that must occur in advance of future demand to support anticipated Regional population growth (e.g. transit expansion, sewers mains, etc.). When emissions are normalized by existing population demand, per capita emissions grew by seven per cent between 2006 and Figure 1 shows the trends for total and per capital emissions from 2006 to International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Canada. 2 york.ca

9 Figure 1: Regional Emissions from In 2014, York Region emitted 89,957 tco 2 e as shown in the historical emissions trend in Figure 2. Estimates of the Region s future population project significant growth, reaching to 1.59 million by 2031 and 1.79 million by By 2051, York Region can expect future emissions to reach 201,500 tco 2 e if action is not taken to curb future emissions. Figure 2: Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trend ( ) 2 York Region 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario, November 5, 2015 York Region, 2015, 2041 York Region Draft Growth Scenarios and Land Budget 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 3

10 Recommended Program Components To plan for long-term actions needed to reduce emissions through to 2051, the Plan Update goes above and beyond the regulatory requirements of five year planning and charts a course over a 35-year planning horizon to align with Vision The Plan Update provides a detailed five year and ten year plan through a series of program components and options categorized as: Buildings, Non-Transit Fleet, York Region Transit/Viva Fleet, Water and Wastewater, Intersection Lights, and Renewable Energy Generation (summarized in Tables 1 through 6). These program components are designed to significantly curb emissions and move the Region toward its aspirational goal of zero emissions. Table 1: Plan Update Components: Buildings Initiative New Building Design (Silver Standard) Existing Building Retrofits Housing York Inc.: New Buildings Operations & Maintenance and Behaviour Change Housing York Inc.: Retrofits Deep Building Retrofits Housing York Inc.: Operations & Maintenance Enhanced Energy Technical Standards Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings (tco2e) Existing n/a 360,000 1,250 1,250 1,250 Existing n/a 140, ,950 Existing n/a n/a n/a 60 1,550 Proposed Proposed 78,000 to 250, to 3.7 Million 260, ,300 3, , ,400 Proposed 1.4 Million 376, ,600 5,200 Proposed 41,500 to 132,000 16, Proposed n/a n/a n/a n/a 5,600 4 york.ca

11 Table 2: Plan Update Components: Non-Transit Fleets Initiative Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Existing n/a 42, Replacement Anti-Idling Policy Existing 74,500 90, Efficient Driver Training Existing n/a 335, Personal Vehicle Use Advanced n/a 780, ,200 Electric Vehicles Advanced 114,000 16, ,300 Table 3: Plan Update Components: Transit Fleets Initiative Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Operator Behaviour (init Technologies) Existing 170, ,000 1,500 5,600 1,300 In-Vehicle Technology (Transmission Proposed 270, million 4,200 5,600 1,250 Optimization and Electric Fan) Electric Buses Advanced n/a n/a n/a 1,600 73,300 Table 4: Plan Update Components: Water and Wastewater Processes Initiative Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Water Conservation Existing n/a 885,000 1,600 3,200 28,000 Optimizing Aeration of Sewage Proposed 512,000 82, , ECDM PLAN UPDATE 5

12 Table 5: Plan Update Components: Street Lights Initiative Street Light Conversion to LED Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Proposed 500, , Table 6: Plan Update Components: Renewables Initiative Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Solar Photovoltaic Renewables 19 million 700, ,800 5,900 The recommended program components result in a 153,900 tco2e reduction by 2051 (equivalent to 47 per cent below 2014 levels and 76 per cent below modelled forecast emissions in 2051) as shown in Table 7 below. This leaves approximately 47,600 tco 2 e remaining in Moving closer toward the aspirational target of zero emissions by 2051 is dependent upon future technology, which at this time is largely unknown. Table 7: Combined Regional Emissions Targets Targets Historical Trend of Emissions 109, , ,500 Plan Update Target Emissions s 13,900 26, ,900 from the Modelled Forecast Emissions 13% 22% 76% Recommendations made for the first five years ( ) integrate relevant planned initiatives from each department and are based on solid estimates for emission reduction potential from existing and proven technologies. During this term, there is a heavy emphasis on laying the ground work for creating a culture of conservation and establishing enabling policies for future initiatives. Actions taken within the ten year ( ) planning horizon will begin to shift momentum toward the aspirational targets. These program components provide the Region with an opportunity to slow emissions growth. Initiatives identified beyond 2025 are of a much more transformational nature. These initiatives are based on best available technology to date, but recognize that the business case for selecting specific technological solutions will be solidified in the coming years as more information becomes available. Actions occurring at and beyond the 2025 planning horizon will significantly reduce emissions and will require commitment and investment to prioritize emission reductions. These program components 6 york.ca

13 in conjunction with changes to federal and provincial legislation and regulations, as well as technological advances anticipated over the next decade, will impact long-range program components and further strengthen the Region s ability to reach its aspirational vision of zero emissions by Implementation The Plan Update is required to be updated every five years (next update is due 2019) and is intended to guide York Region on its path toward zero emissions over the next 35 years. The implementation framework focuses primarily on the five and ten year planning horizons and includes guidance for: governance and collaboration; communications; benchmarking, measurement and verification; longterm planning and decision-making; procurement and purchasing; incentives and funding; reporting; recognition and plan renewal ECDM PLAN UPDATE 7

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17 1. Introduction York Region has a history of actively pursuing approaches to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; most notably through Vision 2051, a bold and innovative strategy to guide York Region in creating strong, caring and safe communities designed with sustainability in mind. As a key guidance document for Council and staff, Vision 2051 defines a path towards a sustainable future. Among the eight goal areas, Living Sustainably focuses on reducing energy consumption and the amount of greenhouse gas () emissions released into the atmosphere, and includes an aspirational objective to move toward net zero greenhouse gas emissions by As such, Vision 2051 provides the overarching direction for this Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update. Consistent to this theme, York Region is committed to reducing energy consumption and being conscious of energy use with its facilities and operations. Given the cost impacts and emissions associated with energy consumption, there are notable benefits to improving energy efficiency across all Regional departments, services, facilities and operations. 1.1 Overview of an Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan The Green Energy Act, 2009 and its regulation Ontario Regulation 397/11 require all public agencies in Ontario to prepare, publicly report, and implement energy conservation and demand management plans. The Ministry of Energy also mandated annual reporting of energy consumption and emissions starting on July 1, 2013 as well as Energy Conservation and Demand Management plans required by July 1, 2014 and every fifth anniversary thereafter. An Energy Conservation and Demand Management (ECDM) Plan is primarily comprised of the following: A summary of the annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas () emissions for operation; A description of the goals and objectives for conserving and reducing energy consumption and managing energy demand; and A description of previous, current and proposed actions to conserve energy and reduce demand, including a forecast of expected results for current and proposed solutions. The regulation requires the Region to prepare, publish on its website, make available to the public in printed form, and implement the five-year Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan. The Region is also required to submit annual reports on energy use and emissions to the Ministry of Energy, as well as publish and make the annual emissions reports available online and in print format. 1.2 Purpose of Updating the Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan To fulfill requirements of the Ontario Regulation (O. Reg.) 397/11 and the Green Energy Act, 2009, York Region developed and submitted an initial Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan to the Ministry of Energy on July 1, The initial plan provided high level direction for the Region, while this Update provides York Region s specific program components that position the corporation as a leader in 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 11

18 implementing concrete actions that significantly reduce emissions. This Plan Update is consistent with the requirements of the Green Energy Act, 2009 and the regulation and forms the basis for a five-year operational review in This Plan Update: Sets targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions across the organization; Identifies energy conservation programs and measures; Meets Council objectives outlined in Vision 2051 and Regional Official Plan (2010); Meets Green Energy Act, 2009 and O. Reg. 397/11 requirements; and Develops a cohesive vision across all lines of Regional business. The Plan Update goes above and beyond the five year time period requirements and charts a course over a 35-year planning horizon to align with Vision It provides a detailed five-year and ten-year plan for ambitious programming across the following categories: Buildings, Fleet, Water and Wastewater Processing, Street Lights, and Renewable Energy Generation. The combined program components result in an estimated seventy-six per cent reduction of projected emissions in 2051, a result that moves York Region closer to its aspirational goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions. 12 york.ca

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21 2. Background and Context 2.1 About The Regional Municipality of York York Region is an upper tier municipality comprised of nine local municipalities. The Region covers approximately 1,776 square kilometers, stretching from the City of Toronto in the south to Lake Simcoe and the Holland Marsh in the north, and bounded by Peel Region in the west and Durham Region in the east. With a growth rate of 15.7 per cent between the last two censuses, York Region has the highest growth rate in Ontario and is the sixth highest in Canada. 3 The Region has rapidly grown from 166,060 residents in 1971 to an estimated population of 1.16 million as of Dec 31, By 2031 growth scenario projections suggest the Region will grow to a population of 1.59 million and 1.79 million by As an upper tier municipality, York Region provides many services to residents, businesses and visitors, including: Court Services Family and Children s Services Housing Long-term Care Paramedic and Senior Services (PSS) Planning and Economic Development Police Services Public Health Regional Roads Solid Waste Management Transit Water/Wastewater treatment, pumping and storage Regional Forests and Tree Canopy To provide these core services and to support the quality of life enjoyed by residents, York Region owns a number of significant assets that contribute to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The Region owns or leases 155 facilities including: courts, hangers, Paramedic Response Stations, administrative buildings, waste management facilities, housing, long-term care facilities, transit garages and vehicle storage that is valued at $1.415 billion. 5 The Region owns three water treatment plants, seven water resource recovery facilities, 21 water pumping stations, 19 wastewater pumping stations, 3 Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census divisions, 2011 and 2006 censuses. 4 York Region 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario, November 5, 2015 York Region, 2015, 2041 York Region Draft Growth Scenarios and Land Budget. 5 Clause No. 23 in Report No. 6 of the Committee of the Whole, November 21, Corporate Asset Management Policy ECDM PLAN UPDATE 15

22 over 318 kilometres of sewer pipe, and 338 kilometers of water transmission mains. 6 In addition, York Region owns and operates Housing York Inc. (HYI) a non-profit housing corporation that includes 36 housing properties to serve over 4,000 tenants making it the seventh largest social housing provider in Ontario. 7 The Region owns $24 million of corporate fleet assets including 225 light-duty vehicles (including three plug-in hybrids), 56 medium-duty vehicles, 31 heavy-duty vehicles, 48 off road vehicles, and 117 miscellaneous vehicles (e.g., lawn tractors, boats, etc.). 8 Police Services has 715 vehicles which include 223 patrol cars 9 while Paramedic and Senior Services have 98 vehicles which include 60 ambulances. 10 The Transit network consists of 123 rapid transit buses, 391 conventional buses, 18 mobility plus buses, and 101 other mobility plus vehicles. 11 Transit attends to the second largest Service Area Population in the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area (GTHA) and holds the third largest ridership. 12 Transit provides 22.5 million passenger trips on 128 bus routes across all nine municipalities, including accessible service for people with disabilities. 13 While these assets contribute to corporate emissions, they provide a vital emissions reduction role by offsetting personal vehicle use. 2.2 Vision and Strategic Direction A number of key strategic documents at the Region guide the ECDM Plan Update. Primarily the ECDM Plan Update seeks direction from three foundational plans: Vision 2051, the Regional Official Plan (2010) and the 2015 to 2019 Strategic Plan. Vision 2051 was developed in 2011 to celebrate and reflect on 40 years as a Regional municipality; build on a legacy of long-term strategies; and establish a new blueprint for the future focused on creating strong, caring and safe communities with sustainability in mind. It is one of the key overarching documents that guide Regional Council and staff decisions, ensuring that actions taken now align with the future vision. Vision 2051 is articulated through eight goal areas and corresponding action areas including: A Place Where Everyone Can Thrive, Liveable Cities and Complete Communities, A Resilient Natural Environment and Agricultural System, Appropriate Housing for All Ages and Stages, An Innovation Economy, Interconnected Systems for Mobility, Living Sustainably, and Open and Responsive Governance. As the guiding document for the Plan Update, Vision 2051 emphasizes the importance of energy conservation and emissions reductions primarily under the Living Sustainably goal: In 2051, sustainability can be practiced in everyday life through climate resiliency, innovative water conservation 6 York Region GIS Systems 7 York Region website, York Housing Inc. page. 8 Provided by York Region Fleet Services staff. 9 Provided by York Regional Police staff. 10 York Region EMS, EMS Fleet and Lifecycle Review, Nov York Region Transit 5-Year Service Plan , York Region Transit/Viva, Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA) Canadian Transit Fact Book, York Region Transit 5-Year Service Plan , York Region Transit/Viva, york.ca

23 and reuse, water resource protection, waste reduction, energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission reduction. A series of objectives provide overall direction for the Plan Update including: Providing an energy efficient urban form and buildings that facilitate reduced energy demand, and options for local renewable and alternative energy systems; Providing innovative water conservation programming, water resource protection, energy conservation and greenhouse gas reduction in water and wastewater infrastructure; Reducing dependency on non-renewable, carbon-based energy sources by diversifying local energy supply, prioritizing local energy generation and distribution and using renewable and alternative energy sources; Promoting fuel efficiency, emissions reductions, renewable fuels and the necessary infrastructure to support a low-carbon transportation system; Encouraging energy and water efficient new building construction and retrofits to existing building stock, such that buildings can contribute to energy efficiency and water management; Creating energy efficient water and wastewater systems; Advocating for increased energy efficiency and building standards to move toward zero carbon buildings; Encouraging initiatives that move toward zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2051; and Fostering behavioural changes to maximize waste reduction, reuse, recycling and energy recovery. The Regional Official Plan (ROP 2010) contains numerous policies relating to emission reduction, including: Section 3.2 Air Quality and Climate Change policy to reduce vehicle emissions through community design, reduced single occupancy automobile use, and public transit service; Section 5.2 Sustainable Cities, Sustainable Communities policies , , and to: o Encourage new buildings to be designed and certified to LEED Silver, Gold or Platinum standards, and to provide complementary incentive programs; o Review and update sustainable building incentive programs; and o Encourage all new buildings to include on-site renewable or alternative energy systems which produce 25 per cent of building energy use. Section 7.3 Water and Wastewater Servicing policies and to: o Incorporate energy-recovery systems into water and wastewater facilities where possible; and o Design and operate water and wastewater facilities to reduce energy use and, where possible, recover energy ECDM PLAN UPDATE 17

24 Section 7.5 Energy and Utilities policy to demonstrate leadership in energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy systems and alternative energy systems in York Region operations, by: o Implementing progressively higher LEED standards for all new Regional buildings, and re-examining these standards periodically; o Retrofitting existing Regional buildings to improve energy conservation and incorporate renewable energy sources; o Preparing an energy conservation and demand management plan; o Purchasing a portion of electricity used in Regional buildings from clean and emissionsfree sources; o Investigating methods to reduce electricity use during normal and high-demand periods; o Incorporating energy efficient technologies and alternative fuels into the Regional fleet, including transit, police and public works vehicles; and o Developing a tracking system to monitor and set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Regional operations. The newly developed 2015 to 2019 Strategic Plan sets overall priorities for the next four years, which aligns with Council s term and provides vision for environmental sustainability, and leadership in corporate operations. These foundational strategies provide overall direction for the ECDM Plan Update and are supported by a number of long-term strategic documents including: The Water and Wastewater Master Plan is York Region s infrastructure master plan for providing water and wastewater services to the local municipalities for distribution to residences and businesses. The plan ensures water and wastewater systems meet current and future demands and are able to provide safe, cost-efficient and reliable services. The Water and Wastewater Master Plan is currently being updated, it considers energy intensity and emissions as part of the criteria used to determine the preferred solution which includes water conservation and inflow and infiltration reduction. The 2015 Annual Energy Road Map for Water and Wastewater outlines York Region s vision for water and wastewater energy efficiency and identifies future innovative energy efficiency initiatives to contribute to the aspirational vision of energy neutrality in the water and wastewater system. The Long-Term Water Conservation and Inflow and Infiltration Strategies link energy and emissions reductions to water conservation and limiting the inflow and infiltration of rain and groundwater into the Region s sewers. By reducing the demand for water the Region consumes less energy for pumping and treatment. The Transportation Master Plan currently being updated will define a strategy to better move people and goods over the next 25 years. The Transit 5-Year Service Plan identifies Transit s service, operating, and capital requirements and objects for the next five years. The objective of the Five-Year-Service Plan is to guide Transit 18 york.ca

25 through the system s realignment phase, while focusing on effective ridership management, matching levels of service to demand. Together through the direction set in these plans, the ECDM Plan Update aims to position York Region on the path toward its aspirational target of zero greenhouse gas emissions by Greenhouse Gas Emissions s in Context Across Ontario and Canada, there is a renewed focus on energy planning, management, and conservation that contribute to a low carbon, resilient and sustainable future. In 2015, the Government of Canada set a emissions reduction target of 30 per cent below 2005 by Key initiatives include the creation of a $2 billion Low Carbon Economy Trust to fund projects that reduce carbon, fulfilling Canada s commitment to phase out subsidies for the fossil fuel industry, and invest in clean energy and clean technology. 14 In December 2015, Canada participated in the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and committed to the Paris Agreement - an enduring, legally binding treaty on climate action which contains emission reduction commitments from 187 countries that starts in 2020 to keep a global temperature rise this century well below two degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. At COP21, Prime Minister Trudeau stated that Canada will have new federal emission reduction targets and require other tiers of government to contribute to reducing the collective national emissions. In addition to this, the federal government will introduce a national minimum on carbon pricing sometime in the near future. At the provincial level, the Government of Ontario has three targets: 15 per cent below 1990 by 2020, 37 per cent below 1990 by 2030, and 80 per cent below 1990 by Recent initiatives include the phase-out of coal, new renewable energy policies, as well as joining the Western Climate Initiative by adopting a cap-and-trade program. Ontario is already more than two-thirds of the way toward achieving its 2020 target. 15 The Ministry of Energy has three main directives to move energy conservation forward in the province: The Green Energy Act, 2009, the Long-Term Energy Plan, and the Conservation First Framework. The Ontario Legislature passed the Green Energy Act in 2009 and filed Ontario Regulation 397/11 in The GEA requires public agencies such as municipalities, universities, schools and hospitals to report energy use and emissions to the Ministry on an annual basis, as well as developing five-year ECDM plans Government of Canada, Canada s Way Forward on Climate Change, Government of Ontario, Climate Change Strategy, Government of Ontario, O. Reg. 397/11: Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plans, filed under Green Energy Act, ECDM PLAN UPDATE 19

26 In 2013, the Ministry of Energy released the updated Long-Term Energy Plan (LTEP) emphasizing that conservation and demand management should come before new generation is built as a key part of the province s collective effort to lower emissions. At the same time, the MOE released a new province-wide conservation framework called the Conservation First Framework. The framework s intent is to reduce electricity consumption by seven terawatt-hours by the end of 2020 and provide Local Distribution Companies (LDCs) with targets for conservation and long-term, stable funding for ECDM programs. At a regional level, the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) has been carrying out regional planning activities through Integrated Regional Resource Plans (IRRPs) that examine conservation options from a regional perspective. The IESO released the York Region IRRP in April 2015 and a working group is continuing to further define mid and longer-term strategies for the York Region IRRP area. 17 Similarly at the local level, LDCs have been developing ECDM programs to meet conservation targets under the Conservation First Framework and are facilitating energy conservation practices amongst residents, businesses and public agencies through program offerings and incentives. 2.4 Scope and Scale of the Plan The ECDM Plan Update is a corporate-wide plan that sets the Region on a path toward net-zero emissions by The Plan Update focuses exclusively on emissions that are directly controlled by the Corporation and does not address community emissions. Typically, municipal corporate emissions account for approximately one to three per cent of overall community-wide emissions 18. The ECDM Plan Update includes direct and indirect emissions produced by York Region as a result of its operations as show in Figure 3 below. Emissions that are not the consequence of direct or indirect activities or that occur outside of the Region s geographical boundary are excluded from this Plan Update. These include third-party contractors, construction activities, business travel, and air travel. The Region will look at opportunities to capture some of these emissions in future iterations of the ECDM Plan. 17 IESO, Greater Toronto Area North Regional Planning, ICLEI Canada. 20 york.ca

27 Figure 3: Scope of the Plan Update The ECDM Plan Update covers a 35-year planning horizon, and provides a detailed five-year and tenyear plan for programming across the following categories: Buildings, Fleet, Water & Wastewater, Street Lights and Renewable Energy Generation. The recommendations made for the first five years ( ) integrate relevant planned initiatives from each of the departments and are based on solid estimates for emission reduction potential from existing and proven technologies. During this term there is a heavy emphasis on laying the ground work for creating a culture of conservation and establishing enabling policies for future initiatives. Actions in the ten-year ( ) planning horizon, shift momentum toward the aspirational targets. These program components provide the Region with an opportunity to slow emissions growth. Initiatives identified beyond 2025 are of a much more transformational nature. These initiatives are based on best available technology to date, but recognize that the business case for selecting specific technological solutions will be solidified in the coming years as more information becomes available. Actions occurring at, and beyond the 2025 planning horizon will significantly reduce emissions and will require significant commitment and investment to prioritize emission reduction. These program components move the Region towards its aspirational target of zero emissions by Potential changes to federal and provincial legislation and regulations, as well as technological advances over future decades will further strengthen the Region s ability to reach its aspirational vision of zero greenhouse gas emissions by ECDM PLAN UPDATE 21

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31 3. The ECDM Plan Update Development Process York Region s Environmental Services initiated the Plan Update as an interdepartmental exercise that included a Best-In-Class review, a series of staff workshops, and emissions modelling. This resulted in a recommended list of projects, practices and initiatives to be implemented between 2016 and 2051, called program components. Representatives from all departments, Transit, York Regional Police, and Housing York Inc. actively engaged in the process. 3.1 Best-In-Class Review The Best-In-Class review researched energy conservation/efficiency programs and practices adopted by similar municipalities across Southern Ontario and leading jurisdictions throughout the world as part of the Plan Update process. In addition all Energy Conservation and Demand Management (ECDM) Plans for the local municipalities in York Region were reviewed. The Best-In-Class review included: Desktop review of conservation and demand management programs in the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area (GTHA) and internally to identify candidate plans for more detailed review; Detailed review of ECDM Plans including the Regions of Peel and Durham and the cities of Hamilton and Toronto; Review of a short list of plans and programs that are innovative and have demonstrated success including Boston and Chicago; Hamburg, Germany and Gothenburg, Sweden; Review of the nine lower-tier municipalities that make up York Region and how their ECDM plans align with the York Region ECDM Plan Update; and, Follow up interviews with staff at each of the selected municipalities to confirm and augment the desktop review and provide personal insight to help understand project successes and areas for improvement. Each Best-In-Class case study reviewed the following elements: Targets (absolute or other); Baseline year; Scale and scope of the plan (corporate, community or both); Projects, programs and initiatives undertaken relating to buildings, water and wastewater processing, transit, and fleet (including police and paramedic services); Policies in place; Evaluation criteria, methodology and results to date; Governance and communication; Financing and funding; and Benchmarking, indicators and reporting frameworks. The Best-In-Class summary is provided in Appendix A and the Review of the local municipality ECDM Plans is provided in Appendix B ECDM PLAN UPDATE 25

32 3.2 Staff Workshops Six workshops were held for York Region staff working in departments with direct control over emissions, including: An orientation workshop to introduce the project and set the context, direction and ingredients for success. Staff recommended a collaborative process to define the program components and that program components be practical in the near-term and include options that are more aggressive and transformational towards Four thematic workshops facilitated sharing of best practices and identification of program components (i.e., key initiatives that will work toward achieving the overall vision). Staff provided specific guidance and direction on the program components, enabling factors and specific targets where possible. A final workshop provided staff with an opportunity to confirm, review and refine the preliminary program components. Summaries of the staff workshops are found in Appendix C. 3.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Modelling Methodology A model of emissions (measured as tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, tco 2 e) was developed to project future Regional emissions through to 2051 and to test opportunities for reductions. The model uses a combination of projected service levels and population growth rates where service level projections were unavailable. Indicators of current energy performance were developed (GJ/m 2, L/km, GJ/m 3 water, etc.). These were then applied to anticipated growth in service levels (e.g., new floor area of buildings) to create a model of future energy demand. 26 york.ca

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35 4. Corporate Energy Consumption Where is York Region Now? 4.1 Highlights of Existing Initiatives and Past Successes in York Region York Region has a long history of actively pursuing emission reductions. Highlights of York Region s recent emission reduction initiatives include: Integrating energy efficiency and emission reductions in the Regional Official Plan (ROP 2010) policies as identified in Section 2.2. Developing and implementing a minimum LEED Silver standard for all new Regional buildings (excluding HYI) over 500 m 2. Building the net-zero energy Bill Fisch Forest Stewardship and Education Centre to meet LEED Platinum certification and the Living Building Challenge. Offsetting increased kilometres driven by replacing York Regional Police vehicles with more fuel efficient models. Receiving Canada s 2005 Sustainable Urban Transportation Award in recognition of York Region Transit s progressive integration of land use and transportation growth management policies. York Region Transit has met many goals described in the plan, including: o Launching VIVA the first phase of a Regional Bus Rapid Transit system in 2005; o Working with the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) to start construction of the Spadina Subway Extension; o Building dedicated rapidways for the next phase of the Bus Rapid Transit system; o Creating development guidelines that are focused on transit; o Implementing Transportation Demand Management program. Developing five solar photovoltaic projects as shown in Table 8 below: Table 8: Solar Photovoltaic Projects Solar Panel Location Size (kw) Commercial Operations Date Generation (kwh) Up to Dec 2015 Revenue Equivalent Grid Emissions Stouffville Pumping Station ,743 29, Paramedic Services Headquarters ,091 32, Georgina Water Treatment Plant ,514 41, Transportation & Works Operations Centre ,012 61, Forestry Stewardship and Education Centre n/a n/a n/a Even with these progressive actions, corporate emissions have continued to increase as services are brought online to serve current and future population needs ECDM PLAN UPDATE 29

36 4.2 Emissions by Category ( ) York Region began tracking corporate emissions in Between 2006 and 2014 the Region s population and total emissions increased by 20 per cent and 29 per cent respectively. Population growth accounts for the largest proportion of emissions growth because the Region is delivering services to a larger population. The additional emissions growth is the result of investments in infrastructure and services that must occur in advance of future demand to support anticipated Regional population growth (e.g. transit expansion, sewers mains, etc.). When emissions are normalized by existing population demand, per capita emissions grew by seven per cent between 2006 and Figure 4 shows the trend of Regional corporate emissions from 2006 to Figure 4: Regional Emissions from In 2014, York Region emitted 89,957 tco 2 e as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Considering that current population growth projections suggest the Region will grow from an estimated population of 1.16 million 2015 to 1.59 million by 2031 and 1.79 million by 2041, 19 York Region can expect future emissions to reach 201,500 tco 2 e in 2051 if further action is not taken to curb emissions. Figure 5 shows the forecasted emissions from 2006 to York Region 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario, November 5, 2015 York Region, 2015, 2041 York Region Draft Growth Scenarios and Land Budget 30 york.ca

37 Figure 5: Forecasted Trend ( ) 4.3 Moving Toward Zero Emissions The recommended program components presented later in this document (Section 5) are anticipated to result in 153,900 tco 2 e fewer greenhouse gas emissions in This represents a 76 per cent reduction in forecasted 2051 emissions and a 47 per cent reduction as compared to 2014 emissions as illustrated in Figure 6 below. i Figure 6: Forecasted Corporate Emissions and Proposed s Implementing the entire list of program components presented in Section 5 equates to Regional emissions in 2051 of approximately 47,600 tco 2 e. The Plan Update recommends continued consumption of electricity and natural gas; the latter primarily for heating occupied space. Both fuels have lower emissions intensities than gasoline and diesel fuel and account for the balance of the remaining 2051 emissions. Achieving the aspirational target of zero emissions by 2051 is dependent 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 31

38 upon greening the electricity grid and future technology which at this point in time is largely unknown. Table 9 below summarizes the short and long-term emissions and Plan Update reductions. Table 9: Combined Regional Emissions Targets Targets Historical Trend of Emissions 109, , ,500 Plan Update Target Emissions s 13,900 26, ,900 from the Modelled Forecast Emissions (%) 13% 22% 76% 32 york.ca

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41 5. Program Components The Plan Update program components reflect the Best-In-Class review and inputs from staff workshops and meet the unique needs of York Region. As changes to policy, legislation, technology, climate, and/or other changes occur, this list of program components will evolve. Program components are aligned strategically with Vision 2051 and are within the control of the Region. Program components have been classified into four categories: Existing Plans and Initiatives; Proposed Initiatives; Advanced Initiatives; and, Renewable Energy. Existing Plans and Initiatives are those that have already been identified by departments, Transit, Housing York Inc. or York Regional Police and are approved by Council. These initiatives are largely included in existing capital and operating forecasts. All of these initiatives are near-term actions within each program area and support the 2021 and 2031 targets proposed later in this Plan. By 2051 these initiatives are projected to account for 23 per cent of the Region s corporate greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Proposed Initiatives build upon Existing Plans and Initiatives and require operational or policy changes. Business cases will be required to justify project funding. Capital budgets will be impacted by the addition of qualified and approved projects. These initiatives will rely heavily on staff time as compared to capital investment and will account for 13 per cent of the projected 2051 corporate greenhouse gas emissions reductions. While not fully mature yet, current trends in electric vehicle technology and other Advanced Initiatives are anticipated to contribute up to 60 per cent reduction in emissions toward 2051 target. Finally the advancement of Renewable Initiatives will account for four per cent of the projected 2051 corporate greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Program components that encompass these initiatives are categorized as: Buildings, Fleets, Water and Wastewater, Street Lights, and Renewable Energy Generation. These are summarized in Table 10. End Notes are provided that clarify data sources and assumptions used to derive projected emission reductions, cost estimates (i.e.: illustrative planning assumptions), per unit costs, ii and annual energy savings. Values presented in program component tables and figures have been rounded from projected data and may not total exactly with other present data. Enabling Components that facilitate other initiatives but do not have quantified emissions reductions are presented in each category ECDM PLAN UPDATE 35

42 Table 10: Summary of Program Components by Category BUILDINGS B1: New Building Design (Silver Standard) B2: Existing Building Retrofit B3: Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change B4: Deep Building Retrofits B5: Housing York Inc. New Building Design B6: Housing York Inc. Existing Building Retrofit B7: Housing York Inc. Operations, Maintenance and Tenant Behaviour Change B8: Enhanced Energy Technical Standards B9: Enabling Program Components NON-TRANSIT FLEET F1: Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement F2: Anti-Idling Policy F3: Efficient Driver Training F4: Personal Vehicle Use F5: Electric Vehicles F6: Enabling Program Components TRANSIT FLEETS T1: Operator Behaviour (init Technologies) T2: In-Vehicle Technology T3: Electric Buses T4: Enabling Program Components WATER & WASTEWATER PROCESSES W1: Water Conservation W2: Energy Audit Program W3: Optimization of the Aeration Process W4: On-site Energy Generation and Recovery W5: Pressure District Energy Optimization Pilot Project W6: Enabling Program Components STREET LIGHTS RENEWABLE ENERGY S1: Street Light Conversion R1: Solar Photovoltaic 36 york.ca

43 5.1 Buildings The Bill Fisch Forest Stewardship and Education Centre was built to meet the world s strictest environmental standards, LEED Platinum and the Living Building Challenge. 20 The Centre was awarded the Environmental Building Wood Design Award, and Professional Engineers Ontario York Chapter Project of the Year for Green features of the building include: All wood used is Forest Stewardship Council certified; Net zero energy use as the building will generate more energy than it uses; Net zero water use as the building canopy gathers rain water and snow melt to service bathroom facilities; and Much of the building materials were sourced from local manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions from long-distance haulage. 20 The Living Building Challenge is a building certification program, comprised of seven performance categories including: Place, Water, Energy, Health & Happiness, Materials, Equity and Beauty ECDM PLAN UPDATE 37

44 Buildings Fast Facts: York Region owns or leases 155 facilities including: courts, hangers, Paramedic Response Stations, administrative buildings, residence buildings, garages and vehicle storage. Buildings account for 22% of current total corporate emissions. Through the program components identified, York Region will be able to reduce projected buildings emissions by 14 per cent by 2020, 21 per cent by 2025 and 56 per cent by The program components below build upon strong existing initiatives such as LEED Silver certification standard for new buildings over 500m 2, Building Automation Systems (BAS) upgrades and expansion, and energy sub-metering that all contribute to the Vision 2051 objective of Advocating for increased energy efficiency and building standards to move toward zero carbon buildings. The transition to effectively increasing energy efficiency will not hinder the level of functionality or comfort of York Region s facilities. The following is a brief description of the program components in the Buildings category: 1. New Building Design (Silver Standard) 2. Existing Building Retrofit 3. Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change 4. Deep Building Retrofits 5. Housing York Inc. (HYI) New Building Design 6. HYI Existing Building Retrofit 7. HYI Operations, Maintenance and Tenant Behaviour Change 8. Enhanced Energy Technical Standards 9. Enabling Program Components o Energy Data Management o Energy Performance Labelling o Energy Dashboards o Technical Standards and Guidelines B1: New Building Design (Silver Standard) LEED Certification Requirements for New Buildings Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region has the opportunity to maximize energy efficiency and conservation during the design and construction of new buildings. As such, York Region requires a minimum LEED Silver certification for new municipal buildings (excluding HYI and water/wastewater facilities) with a floor area greater than 500 m 2. To date, York Region has 12 LEED certified projects; which includes York Region Transit 38 york.ca

45 garages. A further 12 projects are in the design or building phase that will apply for LEED Silver or higher certification. Table 11 highlights the estimated annual energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions reductions that are anticipated from the Region s LEED Silver policy. Table 11: Summary of New Building Design (Silver Standard) iii Category Existing Plan and Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings / year n/a 360,000 1,250 n/a 570,000 1,250 1,250 B2: Existing Building Retrofits Building Conditions Assessment and Audits Existing Plan and Initiative: Continual improvement of existing building stock performance is important to the success of the ECDM Plan Update program. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), over the whole building stock, the largest portion of carbon savings by 2030 is in retrofitting existing buildings and replacing energy using equipment. As a prerequisite to building upgrades, it is recommended that Building Conditions Assessments (BCA) and energy audits continue to be used to develop a performance baseline and an understanding of the building s energy and water use. The audit reviews building thermal performance, load distribution, existing equipment and controls schedules, occupancy patterns, lighting, and efficiency systems to identify emission reduction opportunities. To date, numerous retrofits have resulted from BCA and energy audits including: lighting system upgrades, Building Automation Systems (BAS) upgrades and expansion, envelop upgrades, insulation, and heat recovery. The BCA program expansion is planned to start in Continued investment in BCAs and energy audits will ensure that there is a continued focus on building energy efficiency and emission reduction. A continuous rolling audit program is planned that will review the performance of York Region facilities with the intention of every building being audited at least once every five years. This will provide direction to the rehabilitation and replacement program. Moving forward, the audit protocol should help identify more progressive alternatives. The Region will look to continue to maximize funding opportunities and align with other existing conservation programs such as the saveonenergy for Business programs offered by Hydro One, Newmarket Hydro and PowerStream, energy management programs and incentives offered by Enbridge for its commercial customers and the affordable housing sector, as well as any programs offered by the Region s Local Distribution Companies ECDM PLAN UPDATE 39

46 Table 12: Summary of Existing Building Retrofits iv Category Existing Plans and Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a 140, n/a 360, ,950 B3: Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change York Region recognizes the importance of not only advancing cutting-edge, large scale infrastructure, but also encouraging effective operations and maintenance as well as social change amongst staff to support emission reduction. Every one of the approximately 6,500 temporary and full-time employees at York Region has a role in working toward the 2051 zero emissions objective. As a catalyst for success, all levels and areas of the organization need to be aware of and participate in ECDM activities. Engaging staff in emission reduction through effective operations, maintenance and behaviour change is a key component of reaching the Region s targets and in developing a life-long culture of conservation. Proposed Initiative: Operations and maintenance management is a critical component of the overall program. Operations include effective implementation and control of operation activities and equipment as well as ensuring that operator knowledge and performance support emission-reduction behaviour. Maintenance activities include effectively contributing to optimum performance reducing emissions and increasing the reliability of systems and equipment. Currently, there are operations and maintenance processes in place, but there is no comprehensive behaviour change strategy to foster emission reductions across the organization. The Ministry of Energy, A Guide to Preparing Conservation and Demand Management Plans suggests that behavioural changes including those relating to operations and maintenance behaviours of employees have the potential to reduce energy use by five to ten per cent. 21 It is recommended that operations and maintenance processes be reviewed and optimized as appropriate. It is also recommended that an awareness and behaviour change strategy be developed to: (1) provide a strategic framework for engaging staff in ECDM activities; (2) educate staff about the importance of emission reduction and outline what all departments can do to help grow a culture of conservation; (3) identify high impact behaviours and outline specific engagement tactics to implement over the next five years to target those behaviours; (4) consider incentives and recognition; and (5) define an evaluation process to measure impacts. 21 Ministry of Energy, A Guide to Preparing Conservation and Demand Management Plans, November 12, 2013, pg. 17, Section york.ca

47 Behavioural measures relating to building efficiency can include: Collaboration with Environmental Services - Corporate Energy Services staff when planning projects Shut off lights and equipment Operate equipment only when needed Continue to perform appropriate preventative maintenance Continue to perform diagnostics to identify and optimize systems Continue to maximize the use of building automated systems, including making seasonal adjustments The model assumes that five per cent emissions reduction can be achieved through operations, maintenance and behaviour change activities. 22 Table 13: Summary of Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change v Category Proposed Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost 78,000 to 250, Annual Energy Savings 260, Incremental Budget Cost 63,000 to 201,000 Annual Energy Savings 680,000 1,300 3,000 B4: Deep Building Retrofits Proposed Initiative: To deepen emission reductions, it is recommended the Region implement higher energy efficiency standards for all retrofits to increase the energy efficiency of all buildings by a minimum of 10 per cent. 23 It is also recommended the Region develop and implement audit and retrofit programs at its third party operated facilities. Audits and retrofits can be included as a requirement in new operations and maintenance contracts. The model assumes that 10 per cent emissions reductions can be achieved through developing programs to encourage existing building retrofits. 22 Ministry of Energy, A Guide to Preparing Conservation and Demand Management Plans, November 12, 2013, pg. 17, section Target recommended through the staff workshop ECDM PLAN UPDATE 41

48 Table 14: Summary of Deep Building Retrofits vi Category Proposed Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings 1.4 million 376, Incremental Budget Cost 1 to 9 million Annual Energy Savings 960,000 1,600 5,200 B5: Housing York Inc. New Building Design Existing Plan and Initiative: Housing York Inc., York Region s non-profit housing corporation, provides market and subsidized housing to over 4,000 tenants. York Region also provides administration services, subsidies and funding for renewals and retrofit work (through loans) to housing providers. While these housing units are not owned by the Region, some of the retrofit work is directly related to reducing emissions. HYI maintains high standards on energy performance and sustainability for all its buildings. To date there are a number of projects that have been certified or have been targeted for LEED certification, including: Tom Taylor Place (50 Units): LEED Gold in 2009 Kingview Addition (46 units): LEED Silver Target Mapleglen Residences (84 units): LEED Gold in 2013 Mackenzie Green (140 units): LEED Silver in 2014 Lakeside Residences (97 units): LEED Silver in 2015 The Richmond Hill HUB (202 units): Completed early 2016, LEED Silver Target Housing York Inc. has a fully developed Design Guideline for New Multi-Unit Residential Buildings that incorporate requirements of high energy performance. To deepen emission reductions in new construction, it is recommended that HYI adopt the Region s requirement for LEED Silver certification and implement progressively higher energy efficiency standards where feasible York Region Official Plan, 2010, Section a: To demonstrate leadership in energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy systems and alternative energy systems in York Region operations, by implementing progressively higher LEED standards for all new Regional buildings, and re-examining these standards periodically. 42 york.ca

49 Table 15: Summary of Housing York Inc. New Building Design vii Category Existing Plans and Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a n/a n/a n/a 20, ,550 Regional buildings that will be built by 2020 have already been designed and are based on the current Regional standards. Enhanced building designs will only impact buildings beyond those currently designed which is why Table 15 show no energy savings and greenhouse gas reductions by 2020 for this component. B6: Housing York Inc. Existing Building Retrofits In 2014, Housing York Inc. continued to strive for energy conservation and sustainability in all Housing York Inc. s buildings after the success of five-year energy management program initiated in Currently, Housing York Inc. has a 5-year audit program for all properties and launched an annual program for Building Condition Assessments (BCA) and Site Reviews in These BCAs resulted in numerous efficiency upgrades including: lighting retrofits, appliance replacement, solar water heating, solar wall installation, weather stripping, thermal insulation, boiler replacement, and Building Automation System (BAS) installation. The Housing York Inc. capital program for renewals and retrofits has an energy component incorporated within the renewal process. Housing York Inc. actively seeks incentive for energy-related capital projects, and has received incentives from Hydro One and Enbridge Gas as well as participated in Home Assistance Program to replace appliances, light bulbs and building seals. These practices show strong leadership toward emission reduction and should be continued moving forward. Proposed Initiative: It is recommended Housing York Inc. implement deep energy retrofits using a whole-building analysis process to achieve much larger energy cost savings (e.g. 50 per cent reduction) than traditional energy retrofits ECDM PLAN UPDATE 43

50 Table 16: Summary of Housing York Inc. Existing Building Retrofits viii Category Proposed Initiative Incremental Budget Cost 1.5 to 3.7 million Annual Energy Savings 115, Incremental Budget Cost 1.2 to 2.9 million Annual Energy Savings 335, ,400 B7: Housing York Inc. Operations & Maintenance and Tenant Behaviour Change HYI is working to raise awareness and educate tenants about energy conservation via a tenant education program and challenge between two HYI properties initiated in Proposed Initiative: There is an opportunity to continue to implement the tenant engagement program and look for opportunities to deepen emission reduction within HYI. This can be achieved by expanding the tenant education program and challenge across more buildings, hosting a series of workshops for tenants over the year, following up with residents, and potentially using energy use dashboards to communicate live data to tenants as part of an ongoing program. Similar to section B3: Operations, Maintenance and Behaviour Change, there is also the opportunity to enhance operations and maintenance activities through staff behaviour changes such as, operate equipment only when needed, continue to perform appropriate preventative maintenance and diagnostics to identify and optimize systems, and continue to maximize the use of building automated systems, including making seasonal adjustments. Studies of energy savings through behavioural changes focusing on tenant populations document potential for a five to ten per cent reduction in energy use. 25 Behaviours that can be incorporated into a housing energy challenge are specific for each site. In general the most common activities include: turning down the heat when not home, at night or when windows are open; taking shorter showers; turning off lights when not in use or not home; unplugging appliances and electronics; and replacing lighting to more efficient options. 26 The model assumes that a five per cent emission reduction can be achieved for HYI through operations, maintenance and tenant behaviour change activities. 25 livegreen. Tenant Engagement on Sustainability Guide for Social Housing Providers, focus on Energy Conservation, version 1, March livegreen. Tenant Engagement on Sustainability Guide for Social Housing Providers, focus on Energy Conservation, version 1, March york.ca

51 Table 17: Summary of Housing York Inc. Operations, Maintenance and Tenant Behaviour Change ix Category Proposed Initiative Incremental Budget Cost 41,500 to 132, Annual Energy Savings 16, Incremental Budget Cost 35,000 to 110,000 Annual Energy Savings 40, B8: Enhanced Energy Technical Standards Proposed Initiative: To deepen emission reductions in new construction, it is recommended that the Region expand the requirement for LEED Silver certification to include HYI and Water and Wastewater facilities where feasible. 27 Additionally, the Region s technical standards that specify energy efficiency and emissions reductions should be revised to achieve higher levels of performance than is required for LEED Silver certification. All projects are recommended to have the Region s technical standards incorporated into the scope of work of future projects, building plans and proposals as part of an overall strategy to design highly functional modern facilities. 28 Building on the success of the Bill Fisch Forest Stewardship and Education Centre s achievement of net zero energy use, it is recommended that the Region aim to design and construct one new net zero facility within the building portfolio every five years starting in Table 18: Summary of Enhanced Energy Technical Standards x Category Proposed Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 5,600 Regional buildings that will be built by 2020 have already been designed and are based on the current Regional standards. Changes to the Region s Technical Standards will only impact buildings beyond those currently designed which is why Table 18 shows no energy savings and greenhouse gas reductions by 2020 for this component. 27 York Region Official Plan, 2010, Section a: To demonstrate leadership in energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy systems and alternative energy systems in York Region operations, by implementing progressively higher LEED standards for all new Regional buildings, and re-examining these standards periodically. 28 High efficient/highly functional buildings are often building to the highest architectural standard with very little conflict between glazing/natural lighting and net-zero emissions. For more examples of net-zero commercial spaces visit the Mosaic Centre or Living Future ECDM PLAN UPDATE 45

52 B9: Enabling Program Components Energy Data Management and Analytics (Proposed Initiative) The Region has a proprietary database that it calls the Energy and Environmental Management System (EEMS++) for collecting and tracking monthly energy billing information. This allows the energy team to better understand the energy use for each facility over time and can also be used to identify trends. Enhancing access to the energy consumption data will enable staff to better understand the consumption and cost impacts of energy efficiency actions. Energy sub-metering allows for individual systems and processes to be measured and analyzed separately from the overall energy load reported by the utility invoice. This information is useful for identifying sub-optimal performance and for building an effective business case in support of improvements. The Region has conducted an energy sub-metering and data analytics pilot program in 2015 that will continue in 2016 to build a business case for expansion. It is recommended the Region continue to develop energy analytics to alert building operators when Regional facilities are under-performing with regard to energy consumption and that energy submetering program continue to expand from 2016 onward. Energy Performance Labelling (Proposed Initiative) Energy Performance Labelling (EPL) is low-cost tool that can help York Region communicate its building energy efficiency targets and performance. The Ministry of Energy is looking to move in the direction of energy performance disclosure with proposed amendments to the Green Energy Act, 2009 that aim to include energy performance disclosure for large buildings. It is recommended that York Region continue its proactive approach to energy management and performance and make EPLs available on all buildings. EPL provide benefits to the Region by: demonstrating leadership and transparency relating to building performance for both new and existing buildings; acting as an incentive to invest in upgrades of inefficient buildings; reducing costs through improvements in energy performance. Energy Dashboards (Proposed Initiative) Dashboards are an effective communication tool when used in conjunction with other initiatives. Although it is difficult to quantify the impact that a dashboard has, it does keep the conservation messages top-of-mind for building occupants who make daily energy related decisions. The right message can engage, inform, challenge, and promote energy efficiency and ensure that occupants know that energy efficiency is a priority at Regional facilities. When results and metrics from data analytics software are used the message becomes even more powerful. This Plan recommends that energy and sustainability dashboards be incorporated into all Regional buildings and displayed prominently where people congregate or pass by on a regular basis. Enforcement of Technical Standards and Guidelines (Proposed Initiative) Technical standards are based on the Divisions within the Master Format Specification for construction documents. Each division deals with a specific area of construction (e.g. HVAC, plumbing, electrical, etc.). York Region has its own technical standards for building design and construction that exceed the relevant sections of the Ontario Building Code to ensure that its buildings are built to a higher standard. 46 york.ca

53 Stronger enforcement of these technical standards will limit the amount of retrofits and change orders required by the Region. Enhancing technical standards that relate to energy and sustainability will further reduce emissions. Table 19: Buildings Targets Buildings Targets Historical Trend (Emissions in tco 2 e) 22,700 22,400 30,400 ECDM Target (Emission s in tco 2 e) 3,200 4,700 17,000 Emission Reduced from the Historical Trend (%) 14% 21% 56% Table 20: Housing York Inc. Targets (including New Building Design, Existing Building Retrofit and O&M and Tenant Behaviour Change) Housing York Inc. Targets Historical Trend (Emissions in tco 2 e) 4,800 5,200 7,600 ECDM Projected Emissions s ,300 Emission Reduced from the Historical Trend (%) 9% 17% 57% As more scoping and feasibility studies are conducted, the initiatives and program components will be updated ECDM PLAN UPDATE 47

54 5.2 Fleets Two-thirds of the Region s 2014 greenhouse gas emissions were the result of fleet (including transit, ambulance, and police) fuel consumption. Modelled projections of Regional emissions reveal that this trend will continue but fall to approximately 55 per cent through to 2051 to maintain service levels for a growing population. Without a significant reduction in fleet emitted greenhouse gases, the Region will only be able to slow future greenhouse gas emissions as opposed to achieving a significant reduction. Current fleet technologies such as compressed natural gas, hybrid fuel, and electrification are being piloted by municipalities across North America. Examples of these are available in the Best-In-Class summary provided in Appendix A. Recommendations identified in this report propose to reduce total projected emissions in 2051 by 76 per cent; 48 per cent of the total are the result of fleet specific initiatives (see Figure 7 below). 48 york.ca

55 Figure 7: Greenhouse Gas Emission s from Fleet Fleet specific initiatives are entirely reliant upon the ability of the Region to electrify its fleets. Battery technology has advanced to a point where it is reasonable to assume today that electrification will become a viable option for the Region to integrate into its fleet services by Some technologies such as plug-in hybrid and full hybrid vehicles can be integrated into the fleet immediately. Emergency vehicles such as ambulances and police cars will require not only an advancement in the technological capabilities but also a legislative change to allow for these technologies to be used. Converting transit service to electric buses cannot likely begin until after 2025 and closer to The current state of electric bus technology is in its early stages making costs and risk very prohibitive to implement at present. By 2030 this report reasonably assumes that the technology will be proven and the cost disparity resolved and that electrification of Regional fleets can be a solution to fleet emitted greenhouse gases ECDM PLAN UPDATE 49

56 5.2.1 Non-Transit Fleet Starting in 2013, York Regional Police have replaced the outgoing 4.6 litre V8 engine in the Ford Sedan Interceptor (Crown Victoria) with a 3.7 litre V6 engine in the Ford Utility Interceptor. Although controlled by legislative guidelines for patrol vehicles, the Fleet Unit is actively replacing Administrative and Investigative vehicles with smaller displacement and high efficiency engines, where possible. 50 york.ca

57 Non-Transit Fleet Fast Facts: York Region owns over 1,200 vehicles, operated by York Region Police, Paramedic and Senior Services, and the Corporate Fleet (used by the Roads Branch, Transportation Services, Environmental Services, among others) These vehicles account for 15 per cent of total corporate emissions. Through the program components identified, York Region will be able to reduce nontransit fleet emissions by 9 per cent by 2020, 15 per cent by 2025 and 83 per cent by The non-transit fleet program components aim to contribute to Vision 2051 objective of promoting fuel efficiency, emissions reductions, renewable fuels and the necessary infrastructure to support a lowcarbon transportation system. Specifically the program components aim to: (1) rationalize the size of the Region s fleet and reduce kilometres travelled; (2) use vehicles more efficiently; and (3) remove underused vehicles from the fleet or move them to other Region operations that meet operational needs. The following is a brief description of the program components in the Non-Transit Fleet category: 1. Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement 2. Anti-Idling Policy 3. Efficient Driver Training 4. Personal Vehicle Use 5. Electric Vehicles 6. Enabling Program Components o Green Fleet Coordinator o NAFA Accreditation F1: Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement Natural Resources Canada recognizes the most fuel-efficient vehicles on an annual basis with the ecoenergy awards published in the annual Fuel Consumption Guide. Vehicles included in this category are not only those with alternative fuels and green technologies, but include mainstream vehicles that are fuel efficient and produce fewer emissions. It is important to raise awareness about availability of such vehicles so that when it comes time to replace an old vehicle, Regional vehicle purchases will give equal consideration to fuel efficiency and emission factors as it does to engine type or horsepower. Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region has a corporate vehicle replacement program and practice for all non-transit fleet, ambulances, and Police Services vehicles. It focuses on purchasing the most fuel-efficient vehicles appropriate for Region operations, while considering the lifecycle cost of the vehicle. Corporate Fleet, Police, and Paramedic and Senior Services (PSS) aim to rationalize fleet assets to reduce fuel consumption and increase fleet efficiencies (e.g.; PSS is expected to buy 20 new ambulances and replace approximately 380 from 2016 to 2030). Based on the inputs from the staff workshops and best practices, it is recommended that the Region create policies that afford the Manager of Fleet Services with the ability to allocate a vehicle for staff 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 51

58 based on the functional needs required. By right-sizing and upgrading all vehicles to more efficient models York Region can increase its non-transit fleet fuel efficiency. Table 21: Summary of Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement xi Category Existing Plans and Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a 42, n/a 120, F2: Anti-Idling Policy Existing Plan and Initiative: Some corporate, Police Services and all Paramedic and Senior Services vehicles have anti-idling technology (e.g., remote starters, speed limiter installations, auxiliary power and space heaters, etc.), designed to control and monitor engine idling. Anti-idling technology ensures that the vehicle can maintain the interior temperature and battery charge without wasteful fuel consumption. The technology has an override function that restarts the engine automatically should the temperature exceed limits or if the battery drains below a safe operating level. 29 Alternatively, passive technologies will simply monitor driver behaviour and report back to a system that flags opportunities for improvement through education; of which, idling reduction is one. Other initiatives that support idling time reduction include the purchase of LED lights for truck arrow bars, safety strobes, etc. that draw less power and allow battery systems to function more efficiently. Air or coolant-heaters installed in light and heavy-duty vehicles allow the vehicle to warm while the engine is off; which reduces the need to idle. Individual departments currently have anti-idling policies but there is no corporate-wide anti-idling policy. It is recommended that the Region develop an appropriate anti-idling policy applicable to all staff and recognizes the needs of essential services. New staff members should be educated on an ongoing basis about the vehicle anti-idling systems, policies and the importance of not idling vehicles unnecessarily. York Regional Police are already beginning to piloting anti-idling technology within their fleet. If the pilot is successful, YRP plans to submit a business case to upgrade patrol and canine vehicles with anti-idling technology, starting with 40 patrol vehicles in All ambulances have been equipped with eco-mode / anti-idling systems. Future tenders for ambulances include this as a mandatory requirement. In addition, all Rapid Response Units (RRU) brought online since 2011 have been equipped with eco-mode / anti-idling systems. As RRUs from 2010 and before are replaced in the upcoming years, anti-idling systems will be a mandatory requirement for new RRUs. 52 york.ca

59 Table 22 below summarizes the benefits from staff monitoring and training and estimate a reduction of 340 tco 2 e by Table 22: Summary of Anti-Idling Policy xii Category Existing Plans and Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings 74,500 90, n/a 145, F3: Efficient Driver Training Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region has employee driver training but the focus is on safety as opposed to efficiency of vehicle operation. It is recommended that York Region develop a formal Efficient Driver Training program that provides drivers with efficient driving techniques such as: optimal driving behaviours, anti-idling, hypermiling (a driving practice utilizing efficient stopping and acceleration), ridesharing and vanpooling. It is estimated that through driver training the Region can reduce the number of kilometers driven and avoid nontransit fleet emissions up to five per cent by Table 23: Summary of Efficient Driver Training xiii Category Existing Plans and Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a 335, n/a 2.6 million F4: Personal Vehicle Use A number of Regional employees use personal vehicles for Region business purposes. This increases the number of vehicles the Region puts on the road and removes direct control over how efficient these vehicles are operating. Advanced Initiative: A number of strategies can be used to reduce personal vehicle use including: encouraging virtual meetings, carpooling and the creation of a corporate motor pool that uses hybrid/ev technologies. York Region has technology available to support virtual meetings (i.e., teleconferencing, use of webcams or Skype, and LYNC (a messaging/net meeting service that works on individual computers with cameras)). By creating a cultural shift away from face-to-face meetings (unless these meetings are necessary to hold face-to-face), York Region can move away from the use of the travel for meetings, 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 53

60 furthering emission reduction. It is recommended that the Region convert 90 per cent of its corporate fleet to hybrid and 10 per cent to electric by 2030 with the ultimate goal of 100 per cent electric by Table 24: Summary of Personal Vehicle Use xiv Category Advanced Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a 780, n/a 4.2 million 300 1,200 F5: Electric Vehicles Essential service vehicles (i.e., front-line police cruisers, ambulances, and snow plows) need to be immediately operational and fully capable to complete their respective service. Slightly more than half of the Region s non-transit fleet is currently comprised of essential service vehicles. York Region corporate fleet has 3 plug-in hybrid vehicles. The Region is currently researching the feasibility of replacing other non-essential service vehicles with alternative fuel vehicles. While many non-essential service vehicles can soon be replaced with electric vehicles that are available on the market, York Region s capability to replace emergency vehicles or heavy duty vehicles with alternative fuel/low emission fuels will rely upon the advancement of electric vehicle (EV) technology and enabling legislation. Advanced Initiative: It is recommended that a corporate motor pool be developed, as well as a policy requiring its use over personal vehicle use and that the necessary supporting infrastructure (i.e., reservation management system, electric charging stations, parking) be put in place. With a corporate motor pool, a central pool of shared vehicles are used to increase overall efficiency as they can take more trips, receive better mileage, and serve more drivers per day than assigned vehicles. Integrating electric vehicles into the corporate motor pool would further the objectives toward greening the fleet and reduce overall Regional emissions. As York Region transitions toward zero emissions, energy efficient technologies and alternative and low emission fuels will become a large part of non-transit fleet s emissions reduction. 30 EV technology has seen significant improvements over the last decade. The range/battery life, charge time, and reliability now make it feasible for a large percentage of the corporate fleet to be replaced with EV. As York Region looks to invest in EV, efforts to pre-emptively prepare Regional facilities with supporting infrastructure 30 York Region Official Plan, 2010, Section f: To demonstrate leadership in energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy systems and alternative energy systems in York Region operations, by incorporating energy efficient technologies and alternative fuels into the Regional fleet, including transit, police and public works vehicles. 54 york.ca

61 should begin presently. This will not only support corporate needs but will encourage the public to make their own investments in electric vehicle technology as well. It is recommended that the Region update its LEED Silver standard to include EV charging stations as a requirement for all new buildings. This Plan recommends that electric vehicles be incorporated into the light duty non-transit fleet within the current vehicle replacement lifecycle as a first step toward a 100 per cent non-essential EV fleet by This includes the addition of 19 corporate light duty vehicles and 50 non-essential police vehicles by This Plan recommends utilizing the existing replacement cycle for vehicles in order to minimize budgetary impacts. Table 25 below shows the incremental costs of an EV and hybrid over the gasoline versions that would normally be purchased. emissions reductions with a 100 per cent EV nontransit fleet by 2051 are also included. Table 25: Summary of Electric Vehicles xv Category Advanced Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings 114,000 16, , million ,300 F6: Enabling Program Components Green Fleet Coordinator (Proposed Initiative) Establishing dedicated resources, such as a Green Fleet Coordinator, is a leading practice among Canadian municipalities that have implemented advanced management standards such as ISO Environmental Management System standards. The Green Fleet Coordinator plays a key role in ensuring success of a green fleet by coordinating, implementing, analyzing results, and reporting on the progress of green fleet initiatives. In addition, hiring a Green Fleet Coordinator helps the corporate fleet research the best practices of neighbouring municipalities, research new and innovative technologies to create energy efficient solutions, and oversee future procurement toward the goal of zero emissions. It is recommended that a Green Fleet Coordinator role be an addition to staff whose primary responsibility is to advance the Region s reduction in fleet emitted greenhouse gases. It is less effective if this is an additional responsibility to an existing staff person who may not have enough time to dedicate to this important initiative. North American Fleet Association (NAFA) Sustainable Fleet Accreditation (Existing and Planned Initiative) NAFA s Sustainable Fleet Accreditation Program is a distinctive accreditation program that provides tools to help automotive fleets measure and track environmental impacts. By participating in the NAFA Sustainable Fleet Accreditation Program, York Region joins a select group of fleet leaders from the U.S. and Canada including Ontario Ministry of Transportation who receive ongoing insight, support, 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 55

62 marketing materials, and recognition for their commitment to sustainability. 31 A key benefit to accreditation for York Region is the ability to benchmark against leading municipalities and public agencies. York Region has been accepted into the association and is working toward accreditation. Table 26: Non-Transit Fleet Targets Targets Historical Trend (Emissions in tco 2 e) 14,600 16,000 24,300 ECDM Projected Emissions s 1,300 2,400 20,200 Emission Reduced from the Historical Trend (%) 9% 15% 83% As more scoping and feasibility studies are conducted, the initiatives and program components will be updated. 31 NAFA Fleet Management Association accessed December 20, york.ca

63 5.2.2 Transit Fleet York Region Transit received Canada s Sustainable Urban Transportation Award in 2005 in recognition of progressive integration of land use and transportation growth management policies outlined in the York Region Transportation Master Plan. York Region Transit has met many goals described in the plan, including: Launching VIVA the first phase of a Regional Bus Rapid Transit system in 2005; Working with the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) to start construction of the Spadina Subway Extension; Building dedicated rapidways for the next phase of the Bus Rapid Transit system; Creating development guidelines that are focused on transit; and Implementing Transportation Demand Management program ECDM PLAN UPDATE 57

64 York Region Transit Fleet Fast Facts: York Region Transit owns and operates over 600 vehicles. Transit plays a critical role in reducing community emissions. Transit Fleet accounts for 51 per cent of total corporate emissions. Through the program components identified, York Region will be able to reduce projected future transit vehicle emissions by 11 per cent by 2020, 22 per cent by 2025 and 88 per cent by Through York Region s award-winning innovative transit solutions, 32 program components included below focus on purchasing and piloting technologies that will result in emissions reductions for the transit fleet, exploring alternative and low emission fuel options, and streamlining long-term planning toward a zero emissions fleet by Transit Offsets Community Emissions While York Region Transit fleets account for 51 per cent of overall 2014 corporate emissions (46,100 tco 2 e), they play a critical role in protecting the environment by avoiding single occupant vehicles use and supporting more compact development to reduce the carbon footprint for community emissions. By providing transit services to a growing number of York Region residents, the Region, in turn, is reducing a significant volume of emissions for the community. Through data collected for the 2014 YRT Service Plan, it is estimated that 86 per cent of bus users would turn to passenger or single occupancy vehicles if YRT services were not provided; the remaining 14 per cent would be completed by active modes of transportation (i.e. walking or cycling) or foregone entirely. From this transit service provision, York Region estimates a net avoidance of 40,000 tco 2 e in 2014 (not including life-cycle emissions). York Region will continue to offset community emissions while simultaneously exploring initiatives to operate in the most efficient manner. The following is a brief description of the program components in the Transit Fleet category: 1. Operator Behaviour (Innovations in Transportation (init) Technologies) 2. In-Vehicle Technology 3. Electric Buses 4. Enabling Program Components o Vehicle Retrofit and Refurbishment Program o Fuel Consumption Tracking 32 York Region won the 2005 American Public Transportation Association Innovation Award for the launching of Viva 58 york.ca

65 T1: Operator Behaviour (init Technologies) Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region Transit has existing plans and initiatives to support fuel efficient operator behaviour, including: Anti-idling Policy - Transit has an anti-idling policy that restricts buses to a maximum idling time of three minutes. This policy was put in place to further reduce exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, noise impacts, and to improve air quality. 33 Driver Training for Transit Services Transit has driver training but the focus is on safety as opposed to efficiency of vehicle operation. As the Region moves forward with the ECDM Plan Update, it is recommended that Transit continue to: Enforce its anti-idling policy moving forward; and Enhance its driver training program by developing and implementing Efficient Driver Training (i.e, the init training program). The init training program monitors driver behaviour to ensure that drivers are operating vehicles in a way that maintains optimal fuel efficiency (e.g., reducing high acceleration, optimal driving speeds etc.) and allows organizations to correct problematic driving. Table 27 below shows the projected emissions reductions and costs associated with installing init technology in 100 per cent of vehicles by Note: This does not include the costs for training. Table 27: Summary of Operator Behaviour (init Technologies) xvi Category Existing Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings 170, ,000 1, , million 5,600 1,300 T2: In-Vehicle Technology Proposed Initiative: It is recommended that Transit pilot a number of in-vehicle technologies to confirm the business case for broader implementation, such as: Electric fan conversions by The conversion from mechanical cooling fans to electric fans is a much more efficient use of energy on a transit bus (up to four per cent reduced fuel consumption). Electric fans are typically 30kg lighter than mechanical fans, they have much better control of fan speed and helps increase the lifetime of a vehicle as they can more evenly distribute air flow across the radiator York Region Transit 5-Year Service Plan , York Region Transit/Viva, Efficient Bus Cooling Systems using Electrical Fans, ECDM PLAN UPDATE 59

66 Transmission optimization pilot installation by Topography-dependent shifting programs optimally match all gear-shifting points to acceleration, line profile and load. This transmission regulation can help provide bus drivers with the best engine power available for a variety of different terrains. Practice shows that this initiative can save up to seven per cent in fuel use. While York Region does not have a commitment to fully install these technologies at this point, this plan recommends and includes emissions reductions from in-vehicle technologies (i.e.: transmission optimization and/or electric fan conversion) installed in all buses by Table 28: Summary of In-Vehicle Technology xvii Category Proposed Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings 270, million 4, million 3 million 5,600 1,250 T3: Electric Buses Advanced Initiative: York Region is currently undertaking an alternate fuel study to better understand the options available for transit and to determine whether there is a business case for pursuing alternative fuel technologies. The study will assess alternative fuels including hybrid electric and compressed natural gas buses. 35 As efficient, reliable technology presents itself as a viable option, Transit will investigate further incorporating these into their fleet and service. As new hybrid diesel technology becomes viable, this plan proposes that all buses will begin to be replaced with hybrid diesel between 2020 and This will result in a conservative approximation of ten per cent fuel savings given that hybrid technology has a smaller impact on highway and suburban routes as compared to urban transit systems. After 2030, this plan proposes vehicle replacement (replacing 40 foot buses at the current 18 year lifespan and 60 and 30 foot buses at a 12/13 year lifespan) toward the goal of 100 per cent electric by 2051 in support a low-carbon transportation system, based on the availability, cost, and reliability of new electric models. It is anticipated that future costs for EV technology are expected to fall. While the full electrification of the transit fleet is a desired goal, there are a number of technical challenges that must first be resolved for electric vehicles and supporting infrastructure (i.e, determining the appropriate type of EV and charging infrastructure, installing infrastructure, training drivers and maintenance staff for new vehicles, and planning EV routes). 35 York Region Transit Annual Service Plan p york.ca

67 Table 29: Summary of Electric Buses xviii Category Advanced Initiative Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a n/a n/a Incremental Budget Cost 33.3 million Annual Energy Savings 1.2 million 1,600 73,300 T4: Enabling Program Components Vehicle Retrofit, Refurbishment and Replacement Program (Proposed Initiative) In 2007, the Ministry of Transportation amended the Ontario Bus Replacement Program (OBRP) to encourage the retirement of buses after 12 years. xix As a result, in 2009 York Region put forward a motion to Regional Council to retire all buses after 12 years as a cost-effective strategy while providing improved customer convenience, comfort, and reduced environmental impact. 36 Due to the significant growth of transit services, there are a number of buses in the fleet that are older than 12 years. This is due to amalgamation of transit services in 2001, resulting in a large number of buses purchased in 2002, 2003 and 2005 respectively. In order to extend the lifespan of these vehicles while keeping the exhaust emissions to a higher standard, transit performs a major refurbishment program when a bus is between nine to twelve years of age. Engine, transmission, and air conditioning system rebuilds are being conducted on a proactive basis to improve fleet and service reliability. 37 It is recommended that where possible buses should be replaced. If replacement cannot occur due to cost or transit service needs, then refurbishment should continue. Fuel Consumption Tracking (Existing Plan and Initiative) It is recommended that Transit continue to track the average fuel consumption for every vehicle, allowing Transit to identify vehicles that are consuming fuel above standard. These vehicles should continue to be brought in and checked for deficiencies that might result in higher fuel consumption before being dispatched back into the motor pool. Table 30: York Region Transit Targets Targets Historical Trend (Emissions in tco 2 e) 52,500 57,900 86,100 ECDM Target (Emissions s in tco 2 e) 5,700 12,800 75,850 Emission Reduced from the Historical Trend (%) 11% 22% 88% 36 York Region Transportation Services Committee Report No.3, Regional Council Meeting, York Region Transit Annual Service Plan p ECDM PLAN UPDATE 61

68 5.3 Water and Wastewater Processes York Region is responsible for ensuring that the quality of water supplied to residents meets or exceeds the standards set in place by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change. The Region is responsible for the production, treatment, storage and transmission of drinking water to local municipalities, who are responsible for distributing to customers within their local communities. At the same time, the Region is responsible for wastewater treatment. Pumps, motors, and other treatment equipment are required to operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week, leading to a significant amount of energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Water conservation reduces demand for water and also the amount of energy consumed which reduces the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions released. Water and Wastewater Processes Fast Facts: York Region operates and maintains seven water resource recovery facilities, 19 wastewater pumping stations, 41 production wells, three water treatment plants, over 318 kilometres of sewer pipe, and 338 kilometers of water transmission mains. Water and Wastewater accounts for 12 per cent of total corporate emissions. Through the program components identified, York Region will be able to reduce projected water and wastewater process emissions by 13 per cent by 2020, 19 per cent by 2025, and 59 per cent by The water and wastewater processes program components aim to reduce emissions and energy use associated with water and wastewater processes, and capitalizes on opportunities for on-site energy generation and recovery. The program components presented in this plan reflect those enhanced 62 york.ca

69 practices included in the 2015 Annual Energy Roadmap for Water & Wastewater and demand reduction targets outlined in the Long-Term Water Conservation Strategy (Updated 2016). The following is a brief description of the energy program components in the Water and Wastewater Processing category: 1. Water conservation 2. Energy audit program 3. Optimization of the aeration process 4. On-site energy generation and recovery 5. Pressure district energy optimization pilot project 6. Enabling program components o Energy Benchmarking o Best-in-Class Energy Innovation Study o Pump sub-metering program o Monitoring and Targeting Program o Capacity Based Demand Response (CBDR) W1: Water Conservation Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region started its successful water conservation program in 1998, and currently saves an estimated 26.2 million litres of water per day. The original 2011 Long-Term Water Conservation Strategy led to creation of a future aspirational target to reduce average annual day residential water demands to 150 Litres per Capita per Day by To help the Region achieve this target, the following eight priorities were identified for 2016: 1. Targeted High Water Users 2. Outdoor Peak Demand 3. Education and Outreach 4. Non-Revenue Water 5. Residential New Development 6. Operational 7. Advocacy 8. Water Re-use Strategy Each litre of water delivered by the Region requires energy for pumping and treatment which results in emissions associated with the use of electricity and natural gas. As a result, strategies to reduce water demand contribute to energy and emission reduction. Table 31 below shows tco 2 e/gj/l savings for the Region based on the reduced amount of water needed for processing as defined in the Long-Term Water Conservation Strategy and the Water and Wastewater Energy Roadmap ECDM PLAN UPDATE 63

70 Table 31: Summary of Water Conservation s xx Category Existing Plans and Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings n/a 885,000 1,600 n/a 2.5 million 3,200 28,000 W2: Energy Audit Program Existing Plan and Initiative: Energy audits are fundamental to a comprehensive energy management program. They provide a snapshot of the energy usage pattern in a facility and typically involve: process and energy data collection and review, data analysis, and identification of energy conservation measures. Over the past several years, York Region conducted energy audits for numerous water and wastewater facilities. The recommendations of the energy audits are typically incorporated in the capital budget. It is recommended that York Region continue to develop an on-going program where several facilities are audited per year either by external consultants or with in-house expertise in a similar fashion to those in other buildings. It is recommended that the selection of the facilities to be audited will be done based on Operations, Maintenance and Monitoring (OMM) input and benchmarking data. The audit s breadth and depth should be determined with input from OMM such that it will provide the most benefit in terms of finding the most cost-effective energy conservation measures (i.e.; if a facility had been audited in the past than a more detailed process and energy analysis is required to quantity the more comprehensive energy conservation measures that were not identified in earlier audits). W3: Optimization of the Aeration Process Proposed Initiative: York Region s six water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) account for eighteen per cent of the total energy consumed by all Regional water and wastewater facilities. About 60 per cent of the energy used in WRRFs is used for the aeration process, which is driven by the aeration blowers. 64 york.ca

71 Recent condition assessment, process optimization and energy audit studies outlined the business cases for several energy efficiency process optimization and upgrades. The potential energy conservation measures (ECMs) are tabulated and discussed in the Energy, Water, and Wastewater Working Group. Typical ECMs include: Lighting and heating upgrades Various process equipment upgrades Wastewater aeration process optimization (blowers and diffusers) Wastewater sludge digestion optimization Variable frequency drives installation and subsequent process optimization This Plan recommends that the Energy Water and Wastewater Working Group continue to discuss options for implementing the projects identified. Table 32: Summary of Wastewater Optimization of Aeration Process Upgrade xxi Category Proposed Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings 512,000 82, n/a 91, ,850 W4: On-Site Energy Generation and Recovery Proposed Initiative: Waste and wastewater facilities have potential for on-site energy generation and heat recovery by capturing energy or heat contained within the system. The following three initiatives are recommended: Micro-Hydro Turbines Pressurized System Water Pilot - Water distribution systems provide high quality water at an acceptable pressure and in an economical manner. Due to the topography of York Region, the distribution system produces larger-than-required pressures at some locations. The conventional method of controlling the excess pressure is by dissipating it with an in-line pressure reducing valve. An alternative approach is to harness this excess pressure and use a micro-hydro turbine to generate clean, emissions-free, energy. A Request for Proposals to conduct a high-level feasibility study for micro-hydro turbine capabilities is scheduled to be issued in A conceptual analysis by York Region showed that there are several sites suitable for this micro-hydro turbine installation. The aim of the project is to provide justification to proceed with a business case to implement the system. Micro-Hydro Turbine Gravity-Fed System Pilot - This technology harnesses the energy potential of water where fluid flowing through a large pipe is used to power a generator to create clean and low-cost electricity. The location and feasibility of this technology will be reviewed as part of the separate study ECDM PLAN UPDATE 65

72 Heat Recovery - Thermal energy of wastewater streams is typically discarded to the environment. Heat recovery technology is the process of capturing the lost heat. The technology works by using a special precast heat exchanger inside a building where the heat can be used. The recovered thermal energy can be used for building heating or heating cold potable water. The Region is currently working on a feasibility study to install a heat recovery process at Keswick Water Recourse Recovery Facility (WRRF). On-site energy generation and heat recovery pilots have not been included in Table 33 below as they are currently being researched and developed further by the Region s Environmental Services Department. W5: Pressure District Energy Optimization Pilot Project Proposed Initiative: In 2015, the Region initiated an energy optimization pilot study at Pressure District 7 (PD7). The project s scope is to develop an energy optimization strategy that will reduce the total energy consumption. Following the review of the pilot project, a Region wide implementation of a similar energy optimization strategy will be considered. The major deliverable of the pilot study is to develop a pumping optimization dashboard that will: Provide real-time pump efficiency data Evaluate the use of real-time SCADA data for a holistic energy optimization algorithm Develop a preliminary water pumping energy optimization algorithm Evaluate potential energy savings Implement the optimization algorithm at Richmond Hill PS and Maple PS to minimize energy consumption The pilot project began in the second quarter of 2015 and is expected to be finalized by the end of Findings from this pilot will aid in assessing a full implementation of energy optimization monitoring for all pressure districts in the Region. As a pilot program, the pressure district energy optimization has not been included in Table 33 below. W6: Enabling Program Components Energy Benchmarking (Existing Plan and Initiative) Energy benchmarking uses various key performance indicators (KPIs) to rank facilities according to performance. The benchmarking process used by Water and Wastewater Facilities staff tracks over 150 water and wastewater sites using data obtained from York Region s energy management tools, and York Region s process reporting tool. Data analysis provides insight on energy efficiency at a particular facility, comparative analysis with other similar facilities, and general energy efficiency trends. xxii As the benchmarking comparison provides background for a more effective decision making process regarding each facility, it is recommended that the Working Group or staff continue benchmarking practices to provide more effective efficiency practices. 66 york.ca

73 Best-in-Class Energy Innovation Study (Existing Plan and Initiative) The Region has planned a Best-In-Class study on energy innovation for water and wastewater processes to identify innovative energy opportunities that pertain specifically to York Region s water and wastewater assets. The study will include a review of initiatives, programs, practices and projects currently implemented around the world. The Best-In-Class results contribute to development of a business case for implementation. The study is currently scheduled to start in the third quarter of Pump Sub-Metering and Efficiency Program (Proposed Initiative) An accurate, real-time energy monitoring capability is the building block of energy management. It allows staff to establish an energy baseline, set reduction goals and monitor results. In addition, high quality power meters enable more efficient energy audits and future pump optimization initiatives. The pump sub-metering program aims to ensure that all pumps with motors greater than 100 horsepower (hp) are monitored with a power quality sub-meter. The program aims to have power quality meters installed on all of York Region s pumps with motors greater than 100 hp by At least 11 pumps are already equipped with power monitoring capability. Additionally, it is recommended that the Region install, when fiscally feasible, flow meters for each individual pump to more accurately measure pump efficiency and include individual flow meters for all new construction. Monitoring & Targeting (Existing Plan and Initiative) A monitoring and targeting (M&T) program is similar to the pump sub-meter program but focuses on a facility-wide monitoring as well as the overall facility. The program enables the user to monitor specific energy consuming assets of a single facility. The purpose of an M&T program is to empower the facility operator to implement energy efficiency changes and monitor results. The data collected via the M&T program will also assists in further studies and potential optimization initiatives. Capacity Based Demand Response (CBDR) (Existing Plan and Initiative) Participating in CBDR is an opportunity for the Region to leverage its backup generation capability and earn revenues by reducing strain on the electricity grid during peak demand. When utilized, CBDR will cause a net increase in Regional greenhouse gas emissions because diesel and natural generators have higher emissions intensity than Ontario s grid generated electricity. However, this Plan recommends the Region s participation in the program because it will mean that the Province will not need to build peak capacity generators (most likely natural gas). From a global perspective, running diesel or natural gas for those limited hours that you need it is both environmentally and financial prudent as compared to building and operating natural gas generators on a continuous basis throughout the year. Table 33: Water and Wastewater Processing Targets Targets Historical Trend (Emissions in tco 2 e) 13,800 18,500 50,800 ECDM Target (Emissions s in tco 2 e) 1,800 3,600 29,850 Emission Reduced from the Historical Trend (%) 13% 19% 59% 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 67

74 5.4 Street Lights S1: Street Light Conversion Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region is responsible for the operation and maintenance of over 1,000 street lights within Regional boundaries. While street lights do not contribute a significant amount of emissions for the Region, the new LED street lights will significantly reduce maintenance costs and should result in an annual emissions reduction of 450 tco 2 e for the Region by LED street lights will also reduce light pollution in the sky. York Region has already experienced these benefits by replacing all 723 traffic lights and 100 flashing beacons to LED. Proposed Initiative It is recommended that the Region convert its existing street lighting to LED by 2020, this includes both retrofitting and installing LED in all new fixtures. Table 34 below shows that while the cost associated with retrofitting ends in 2020, reductions continue to grow as all future lights will be installed with the higher efficient technology than current. 68 york.ca

75 Table 34: Summary of Street Lighting Conversion xxiii Category Proposed Initiatives Incremental Budget Cost Average Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Average Annual Energy Savings 500, , n/a 570, Table 35: Street Lights Targets Targets Historical Trend (Emissions in tco 2 e) 1,400 1,500 2,300 ECDM Projected Emissions s Emission Reduced from the Modelled Projection (%) 32% 33% 32% 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 69

76 5.5 Renewable Energy Generation R1: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Existing Plan and Initiative: York Region has been awarded Feed-In-Tariff (FIT) contracts by the Independent Electricity System Operator for three FIT and two microfit solar photvoltaic projects. These include installations at the Transportation and Works Operation Centre and the Georgina Water Treatment Plant. In addition, new buildings built for York Region Emergency Medical Services are solar ready and the Housing Department is currently considering four sites for the microfit program. Table 36: Solar PV Installation Data Solar Panel Location Size kw Commercial Operations Date Generation (kwh) Up to Dec 2015 Revenue Equivalent Grid Emissions Stouffville Pumping Station ,743 29, Paramedic Services Headquarters ,091 32, Georgina Water Treatment Plant ,514 41, Roads/YRP Operations Centre ,012 61, Forest Stewardship & Education Centre n/a n/a n/a 70 york.ca

77 The largest proportion of electricity in the Province is generated through means that do not emit greenhouse gases (i.e. hydro and nuclear). Solar photovoltaic, while contributing to emissions free generation, does not make a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions because it is offsetting Ontario s grid generated electricity which is already very clean. FIT and MicroFIT contracts make solar photovoltaic a financially viable option for the Region to pursue. This Plan Update recommends the current practice based on the financial results and their potential contribution to fund future emissions reduction initiatives. Proposed Initiative The Regional Official Plan (ROP) encourages all new buildings to include on-site renewable or alternative energy systems which produce 25 per cent of building energy use. 38 Table 37 below highlights the cost of installing solar photovoltaic (based on current technology) to meet this requirement for future Regional buildings. The projected cost is disproportionate to the emissions reductions because it would be replacing grid generated electricity that is already very clean and will likely be much cleaner in the future. This Plan Update recommends pursuing this option after the FIT and MicroFIT programs have been completed when grid-parity is achieved and the projects pay for themselves on a financial basis. In addition to Regional buildings, it is recommended the Region consider installing solar panels on regionally owned parking lots and design any new Regional buildings and facilities with solar ready rooftops. 39 Table 37: Summary of Solar Photovoltaic xxiv Category Incremental Budget Cost Average Annual Energy Savings Incremental Budget Cost Average Annual Energy Savings Renewable 19 million 700, million 1.8 million 1,800 5,900 Table 38: Renewable Energy Targets Targets ECDM Projected Emissions s (Solar) 990 1,800 5,900 There are no historical emissions to set targets for solar projects other than grid emissions that are offset. Renewables will play a role in helping York Region achieve its ECDM Plan target of zero s emissions by York Region Official Plan, 2010, Section York Region Official Plan, 2010, Section : That development shall include a solar design strategy which identifies approaches that maximize solar gains and facilitate future solar installations (i.e. solar ready) ECDM PLAN UPDATE 71

78 5.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions s Figure 8 and Table 39 below show the estimated greenhouse gas emission reductions resulting from the quantifiable program components. Figure 8 trends greenhouse gas emissions through to 2051 whereas Table 39 calls out three critical planning periods ( , , and 2025+). Figure 8: Summary of Emissions s by Component While the combined projected impact of these program components result in 153,900 tco 2 e reduction, it leaves an estimated 47,600 tco 2 e remaining in Meeting the Regional target of moving toward zero emissions by 2051 will be contingent upon the expected impact of future technology (undetermined) to help mitigate remaining emissions and the future greening of the electricity grid. 72 york.ca

79 Table 39: Emissions s by 5-Year, 10-Year and Long-Term Planning Period xxv Program Component Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings (tco 2e) Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings (tco 2e) (tco 2e) BUILDINGS New Building Design (Silver Standard) Existing Building Retrofits Operations & Maintenance and Behaviour Change Deep Building Retrofits HYI: New Buildings HYI: Retrofits HYI: Operations & Maintenance Enhanced Energy Technical Standards Existing n/a 360,000 1,250 n/a 570,000 1,250 1,250 Existing n/a 140, n/a 360, ,950 Proposed 78, , , , , ,000 1,300 3,000 Proposed 1.4M 376, to 9M 960,000 1,600 5,200 Existing n/a n/a n/a n/a 20, ,550 Proposed Proposed 1.5 to 3.7M 41,500 to 132, , , to 2.9M 35,000 to 110, , ,400 40, Proposed n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 5,600 NON-TRANSIT FLEET Fuel Efficiency and Vehicle Replacement Anti-Idling Policy Efficient Driver Training Personal Vehicle Use Existing n/a 42, n/a 120, Existing 74,500 90, n/a 145, Existing n/a 335, n/a 2.6M Advanced n/a 780, n/a 4.2M 300 1,200 Electric Vehicles Advanced 114,000 16, , M , ECDM PLAN UPDATE 73

80 Program Component Category Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings (tco 2e) Incremental Budget Cost Annual Energy Savings (tco 2e) (tco 2e) TRANSIT FLEET Operator Behaviour (init Technologies) In-Vehicle Technology (transmission optimization and electric fan) Existing 170, ,000 1, , M 5,600 1,300 Proposed 270, M 4, M 3M 5,600 1,250 Electric Buses Advanced n/a n/a n/a 33.3 M 1.2M 1,600 73,300 WATER & WASTEWATER PROCESSING Water Conservation Process Optimization Existing n/a 885,000 1,600 n/a 2.5M 3,200 28,000 Proposed 512,000 82, n/a 91, ,850 STREET LIGHT CONVERSION Street Light Conversion to LED Proposed 500, , n/a 570, RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION Solar PV Renewable 19 M 700, M 1.8 M 1,800 5, york.ca

81 6. Targets The Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update aspires to the Vision 2051 objective of moving toward zero greenhouse gas emissions by To achieve this long-term goal, short-term actions have been identified in this report that build momentum and lay the groundwork for future success. Figure 9 below summarizes the targets. Figure 9: Per Capita Targets (Short and Long Term) Targets have been set to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Regional operations per resident starting in 2021 and every 10 years up to This type of target is an effective measure of performance as compared to absolute emissions for a growing population where services must expand. Absolute reduction targets are provided for the long term 2041 and Annual reports will show the trend of per capita emissions and will provide a barometer of success to track the Region s progress toward its 2051 objective ECDM PLAN UPDATE 75

82 7. Implementation Framework The Energy Conservation and Demand Management (ECDM) Plan Update is to be updated every five years (next update is due in 2019 as required by the Ministry of Energy) and is intended to guide York Region on its path toward zero greenhouse gas emissions over the next 35 years. The implementation framework focuses primarily on the five and ten-year planning horizon. Changes to federal and provincial legislation and regulations, as well as technological advances are anticipated over the next decade that will impact the long-range program components. The following are the framework s core elements: Governance and Collaboration Communications Benchmarking, Measurement and Verification Long-term Planning and Decision-Making Criteria Green Procurement and Purchasing Policies Third-Party Service Provider Energy Conservation Incentive Available Funding Opportunities Green Energy Initiatives Fund Reporting Recognition Plan Renewal 7.1 Governance and Collaboration Success of the ECDM program relies on ongoing collaboration and participation across departments and divisions. Staff from all departments and levels will use this plan as a guide for decision-making, as the ECDM Plan Update represents the components that will help bring the Region closer toward its energy and emissions related objectives in Vision 2051 as well as the aspirational goal of zero emissions by The following provides an overview of actions needed to ensure that the Region is continuing its ECDM efforts. Coordinate and Facilitate Implementation through Corporate Energy Services York Region Environmental Services Corporate Energy Services staff will continue to be the lead for coordinating reporting of the ECDM Plan Update. Corporate Energy staff will serve as a facilitator to departments for efficiency and emissions reduction initiatives and will prepare the annual Corporate Energy Report on the progress of each department and the overall Regional emission reductions. Create an Internal Multi-Departmental ECDM Steering Committee Most leading jurisdictions in energy conservation and demand management have established multistakeholder committees with representatives from across the organization to guide emission reduction activities. These committees help share best practices between departments, provide updates on emission reduction strategies across all departments, prioritize work, and collaborate on shared initiatives that flow into annual work plans and budgets. 76 york.ca

83 The role of the steering committee will be formally defined in a Terms of Reference but it is envisioned to support, oversee and guide the execution of the ECDM Plan Update. Members of the steering committee will act as ambassadors of energy conservation and demand management and represent the needs of the corporation. The first task of the steering committee will be to define a Terms of Reference including the relationship with working groups and staff teams. Create and Maintain Energy-Focused Departmental Working Groups This Plan Update recommends that staff working groups continue, or be created if necessary, as a means to implement the Plan initiatives. The following three working groups provide a forum for discussion and collaboration on energy initiatives and emission reduction strategies relating their subject expertise: Energy, Water, and Wastewater (EW 3 ) Working Group (Existing Plan and Initiative) Green Buildings Working Group (Proposed Initiative) Green Fleet Sub-Working Group (Proposed Initiative) It is recommended that the working groups meet to: Encourage adoption and investigation of energy saving practices and measures as part of daily operations; Recommend energy management policy and program decisions on behalf of their business units; Serve as a directional body for initiation, coordination, and implementation of emission reduction initiatives; Assist in making decisions on plans and programs related to emission reductions; and Provide support to formal reporting, as well as education and awareness programs to inform staff of emission reduction initiatives. It is recommended these working groups continue to meet at specified intervals (varies by need) to discuss issues, opportunities, and progress on the ECDM Plan Update. Corporate Energy Services should participate on an as needed basis to discuss the program components within departments, track progress and share new Region-wide initiatives ECDM PLAN UPDATE 77

84 7.2 Communications emission reduction needs to be integrated into the everyday practices and thinking of all staff and visitors to Region facilities. As such, the Steering Committee plays a key role in championing the initiative both within and outside the corporation. It is recommended that the Corporate Energy Services team work with the appropriate departments and Corporate Communications to leverage existing mechanisms to share energy performance, new initiatives, engagement opportunities, and overall program successes amongst staff. Communication activities should: Identify overarching key messages, such as: o There are new policies as a result of the ECDM Plan Update; o emission reduction is important to the Region and its community; and o Everyone has a role to play. Identify audience specific key messages for all representatives who can share with staff teams. Identify desired behaviours, such as those identified in the program components above. Use existing internal communications tools such as: York Beat, York Matters, and ENV Commissioner s Connection. Create a portal for innovative ideas a platform to identify areas of concern, provide feedback or solutions. 7.3 Benchmarking, Measurement and Verification At the time of this report, much work is being completed on national and provincial levels to address the need for energy benchmarking. Natural Resources Canada and the Canada Green Building Council are working in collaboration with partners to develop a National Energy Benchmarking Framework. In Ontario, the Ministry of Energy is in the midst of developing an energy and water reporting and benchmarking initiative for large buildings. This goes alongside the Ontario government s proposed amendments to the Green Energy Act, 2009 that would, if passed, enable implementation of a reporting and benchmarking initiative. Energy benchmarking provides building owners with information about building performance over time, compared to its own past performance and to similar buildings. With energy benchmarking data, building owners can make informed decisions about how to manage and operate their buildings, and where it would be beneficial from a cost and energy savings standpoint to strategically invest and implement improvements to the buildings. 40 Natural Resources Canada is using ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager a free web-based application to measure building performance for a select number of building types in Canada National Energy Benchmarking Framework: Report on Preliminary Working Group Findings, Canada Green Building Council, January Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Energy STAR Portfolio Manager Access Page, Note: Portfolio Manager can serve as a complement to the PCP Milestone Tool, helping to track data about municipal performance and contributions to provincial and federal government emissions and climate change targets. 78 york.ca

85 Use Key Performance Indicators to Measure Against Past Performance Until a comprehensive framework is established at either the provincial or national scale, it is recommended that benchmarking and tracking against previous performance be the best performance metric rather than comparisons to other municipalities. This is consistent with the findings from the Best-In-Class review that individual buildings, facilities, and their management and operations are sitespecific. Therefore, benchmarking against York Region s previous performance would provide the best indication for overall improvement. By benchmarking against its own past performance, York Region will have a clear picture of how its own buildings are using energy now, how retrofits are performing, and what opportunities exist for improvements. The following set of key performance indicators are proposed to measure/monitor York Region s progress over time and verify the benefits against the investment made in terms of capital and operating budgets and staff time and resources. The indicators will provide the Region with a snapshot of progress spanning across the targeted Regional departments. The indicators below have been selected based on best practices and suited to the needs of York Region. They use readily available data sources and allow for the comparison over time of where the Region stands with respect to emissions reduction. Table 40: Key Performance Indicators Key Performance Indicator Building Energy Intensity GJ/m 2 Measurement Building Emissions Intensity /m 2 Building Energy Cost Intensity $/m 2 Non-Transit Fuel Efficiency Non-Transit Total Fuel Used Non-Transit Number of Vehicles in Different Classes Transit Fuel Efficiency Transit Total Fuel Used Transit Number of Vehicles in Different Classes Water Efficiency Wastewater Efficiency Street Lights Renewable Energy Generation KWac Renewable Energy Generation Percentage Unit fuel/km Total L of fuel types used # of vehicles with greater fuel efficiency, hybrid, EV etc. Unit fuel/km Total L of fuel types used # of vehicles with greater fuel efficiency, hybrid, EV etc. GJ/ML GJ/ML GJ/light KWh ac produced % of energy demand from renewable energy Verification It is recommended, particularly for building retrofit projects, that there be a system in place to verify that the project is performing as expected and that the efficiencies are being realized. To ensure that 2016 ECDM PLAN UPDATE 79

86 applicable projects are performing it is recommended that a baseline measure of performance before initiation and a measure of performance after installation be used to verify that the intended efficiency results are achieved. 7.4 Long-Term Planning and Decision-Making Criteria Alignment with other Regional Plans The ECDM Plan Update reflects the shared priorities of other Regional strategic documents such as: the Strategic Plan, Regional Official Plan and Vision Building from plans such as: Infrastructure Master Plans, The York Region Transit 5 Year Service Plan and the Water and Wastewater Energy Roadmap, the Long-Term Water Conservation Strategy, among others, the ECDM Plan Update helps ensure that the decisions made today set a course for the desired future. Long-Term Capital and Planning Coordination Coordinated capital planning is integral to maintaining continuity and ensuring full consideration of energy conservation and efficiency and emission reduction in all future capital plans and projects. The Region has taken significant steps to integrate energy conservation into the operation and capital planning. This plan consists of short-term (five years), mid-term (ten years) and long-term (20 years or more) direction which serve as mechanisms needed to move towards the long-term net zero target. It is recommended that this coordinated approach be applied to the ECDM Plan Update and be an integral part of the Regional planning process. It is recommended that all energy generating (such as solar arrays) and monitoring assets attained by York Region be managed in accordance with department and corporate asset management strategies and policies. Decision-Making Criteria The long-term planning horizon and transformational nature of the long-term program components means that simple or short-term payback cannot be the only driver for Regional decision making. The process needs to look for synergies in objectives, alignment of budgets and opportunities for funding to create a more holistic approach to Regional activities. It is recommended that the Region adopt a triple bottom line and life-cycle payback methodology for project evaluation. This would ensure that projects that may have longer payback periods but do make significant contributions to greenhouse gas emission reduction are able to proceed and assist the Region towards the zero emissions vision. 7.5 Green Procurement Policy York Region has supported the purchase of green products in principle, but the lack of a green procurement policy makes it difficult for the Region to enforce (either internally or with vendors). Through the creation of a green procurement policy requiring all future procurements to meet certain environmental standards (including the purchase of vehicles that meet strict fuel efficiency and emission requirements) the Region can ensure that all future procurement will have energy efficient standards as a top priority. 7.6 Third-Party Service Provider Energy Conservation Incentive Program While contracted third-party emissions are not included in the ECDM Plan Update, it is recommended the Region create programs and policies developed to encourage the reduction of third-party emissions 80 york.ca

87 above-and-beyond Regional corporate emissions (e.g. a requirement that they improve energy emissions by one per cent per year during the term as part of payment terms). This due diligence will set the ground work for future energy planning which may require third-party emission inclusion. As an initial step toward this process, it is recommended that York Region develop a program or contract requirements for all third-party service providers to include energy efficiency/conservation or emission reductions in the delivery of services. It is recommended that third-party operators should also provide data on the emissions emitted as part of the service delivery. The creation of this program will set the groundwork for third-party energy efficiencies and aligns with the sustainable direction of York Region. 7.7 Available Funding Opportunities It is recommended that the Region continue to maximize available funding opportunities to advance implementation of program components. There are a number of avenues for funding actions that align with the program components identified in the ECDM Plan: For New Buildings, York Region can benefit from the New Building Canada Fund (Infrastructure Canada) and the saveonenergy High Performance New Construction (Local Distribution Companies and IESO) funding; For Existing Building Retrofits there is the saveonenergy Retrofit Program (Local Distribution Companies and IESO). Enbridge and Hydro One provide financial incentive programs for commercial/institutional buildings; Other building and housing funding opportunities include the saveonenergy Audit Funding (Local Distribution Companies and IESO); For the Non-Transit Fleet and Transit, in 2015 Ontario initiated a new program that provides electric vehicle rebates for up to 25 fleet electric vehicles per year and a $20 million grant program for installing fast-charging EV stations; 42 The Region can capitalize on potential funding opportunities with PowerStream and IESO to partially fund the implementation of monitoring and reporting; The saveonenergy Retrofit Program can be used to upgrade street lights to LED; and The Region can also capitalize on Federal Gas Tax Funding and the Green Municipal Fund for infrastructure improvements in areas such as water, wastewater, roads, energy and transportation. 42 Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Electric Vehicle Incentive Program, ECDM PLAN UPDATE 81

88 7.8 Green Energy Initiatives Fund The creation of a Council supported Green Energy Initiatives Fund will help with the implementation of energy efficiency or conservation projects that might not otherwise be possible on a department s current budget. This fund would help provide annual funding allocations to departments to spend on emission reduction related initiatives and could be generated through renewable FIT revenues and cost savings. Business cases from each department and York Region Police could be developed as an application for the fund, fostering ingenuity toward new and innovative emission reduction projects. 7.9 Reporting Reporting to Ministry of Energy In compliance with the Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plans Regulation (O.Reg. 397/11), and as part of the Green Energy Act, 2009, York Region will continue to report its annual energy use and emissions using the Ministry of Energy template on an annual basis. The Region produced and submitted its first ECDM Plan in 2014 to meet its requirements of the Green Energy Act, 2009 and O. Reg. 397/11. This update will serve as a detailed elaboration of that initial plan. This plan will be reviewed in 2019 (five years after the original plan) and again every five years moving forward. As new program components and opportunities become available York Region will continue to push closer to net zero emissions by Reporting to Council In addition, Environmental Services will report to Council on the state of emission reduction within York Region through the continued production of the annual Corporate Energy Report. The annual Corporate Energy Report will show what progress the Region has achieved in relation to its five, ten and 35 year targets. The Corporate Energy Report will include an update using the KPIs identified in Table 40, outline key achievements from the previous year, and provide updates on planned initiatives for the subsequent planning period Recognition Celebrating Success A key recommendation from staff through development of the Plan Update was to integrate a process to celebrate successes resulting from implementation of the Plan Update. Celebration and recognition can take a variety of forms, including recognition of staff or departments that make significant strides toward emission reductions through peer-recognition awards. Overall plan implementation successes can be recognized through a staff celebration, through staff forums and existing events. Participation in Partners for Climate Protection The Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) program is a network of Canadian municipal governments that have committed to reducing emissions and to acting on climate change. Since the program s inception in 1994, over 250 municipalities have joined PCP, making a public commitment to reduce emissions. 43 The PCP program is the Canadian component of ICLEI s Cities for Climate Protection network that involves more than 1,100 municipalities worldwide. As part of the PCP program, 43 Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Partners for Climate Protection, york.ca

89 municipalities receive recognition for each of the five milestones completed for corporate operations or community level action. Figure 10: Partners for Climate Protection Milestone Framework One of the tools used to support energy management and emission tracking is the Federation of Canadian Municipalities Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) Milestone Tool that provides an online platform to track emissions and set reduction targets. Milestone 1 has been achieved for corporate sources in York Region. This plan provides the Region with an opportunity to update the targets and action plan, and fulfil the needs for Milestones 2 and 3. Milestones 4 and 5 will be achieved through implementing the ECDM Plan Update. It is recommended that the Region continue to participate in the PCP program as one of the key Climate Action recognition programs in Canada and formally submit for Milestone recognition Plan Renewal The York Region ECDM Plan will be renewed in accordance with the Ontario Regulation 397/11 requirement for public agencies to report on results of the plan at the end of the 5-year planning period. In addition to ongoing monitoring and reporting, the initiatives and underlying assumptions of this Plan Update will be frequently examined to ensure that any major developments are integrated. The ECDM Plan Update will need to be flexible in order to adapt and respond to the changes in federal and provincial level climate action commitments ECDM PLAN UPDATE 83