CAGS Workshop II, Shanghai, China, 12 May,2014. The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21

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1 CAGS Workshop II, Shanghai, China, 12 May,2014 Status of CCUS in China The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21

2 Contents 1 Overview of Economy, Energy and Emissions in China 2 3 Role & Potential of CCUS to CO2 Emissions Reduction CCUS Activities: Policy, R&D, demo 4 Conclusions

3 1 Overview of Economy, Energy and Emissions

4 B M R n ilio B 0 0,0 1 Economy, Energy and Emissions in China During the period of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the GDP from high energy-intensive industries accounted for a big proportion in China Economy Growth The energy demand increases by 200 million tce annually in the recent years. From 1990 to 2010, CO2 intensity declined by 57%, that is rare all over the world. From 1990 to 2010, the GDP grew by 7.3 times, while energy consumption and CO2 emission increased by 3.3 and 3.0 times. CO2 emission intensity to drop 40-45% 2020

development is remarkable, the share of which in primary energy mix keeps

5 Coal accounts for around 69% of Primary Energy Consumption in the past 30 years s Energy consumption structure in China Renewable and nuclear energy development is remarkable, the share of which in primary energy mix keeps increasing, but still could not meet the new incremental demand for energy services in quite a long time. 5

Large Industrial CO 2 Point Sources & Distribution Power, Cement and Iron & Steel The East, North and South Central Ammonia Refineries 3% 2% Iron&Steel 7% Ethylene 1% Hydrogen 0% Cement 13% Power

6 Large Industrial CO 2 Point Sources & Distribution Power, Cement and Iron & Steel The East, North and South Central Ammonia Refineries 3% 2% Iron&Steel 7% Ethylene 1% Hydrogen 0% Cement 13% Power (74% of Emissions) East North Northeast Northwest South Central Southwest efinery Power Iron & Steel Hydrogen hylene Oxide Ethylene Cement Ammonia Source: RT Dahowskia, X Li et al., A Preliminary Cost Curve Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Potential in China, Energy Procedia 00 (2008)

7 2 role and Potential of ccus in china

Normal mitigation technologies have great potential for CO2 reduction in China currently, and are cost effective. Mitigation Potential Mitigation tech.

8 Normal mitigation technologies have great potential for CO2 reduction in China currently, and are cost effective. Mitigation Potential Mitigation tech. in Industry, Transport and Building Non-Fossil Energy Tech Gt 3.8Gt 5.0Gt 1.5Gt 3.0Gt 5.3Gt Mitigation Cost (big portion of negative cost) 元 /t-co2 乙烯裂解炉实现大型化 Industry Sector 大型天然气替代煤制合成氨装置直接还原法和熔融还原技术 Building Sector 大型直流 / 交流电弧炉新型干法水泥工业高耗能行业 CO2 捕获技术大型合成氨大型氧化铝预培电解槽技术新型干法熄焦技术 (CDQ) Mt-CO2/ 年 % 干式高炉炉顶煤气压差发电技术转炉煤气干法回收技术 (TRT) 水泥行业废弃物替代原料和燃料水泥窑余热发 % in 燃气 - 蒸汽联合循环发电技术 (CCPP)

9 CCUS is not mature and is expensive High costs High energy penalty High risk A big portion of fuel costs in total cost.

10 Scenario analysis suggests CCUS will play important role in midand long-term. 1.4 Gt

Theoretical Storage Capacity Saline Aquifer EOR Depleted Gas Reservoirs Examined

Capacity: 3.1Tt TtCO 2 2.3 GtCO 2 onshore 0.

Capacity 4.8Gt GtCO 2 4.6 GtCO 2 onshore 0.2 GtCO 2 offshore Up to 7.

and 6 offshore 5.2 Capacity 5.2 GtCO 2 storage potential 4.3 GtCO 2 onshore 0.

11 Theoretical Storage Capacity Saline Aquifer EOR Depleted Gas Reservoirs Examined 17 onshore basins and 10 offshore Applied specific storage volume method based on Capacity: 3.1Tt TtCO GtCO 2 onshore 0.8 GtCO 2 offshore ECBM ( m) Examined 29 onshore basins and 21 offshore Capacity 4.8Gt GtCO GtCO 2 onshore 0.2 GtCO 2 offshore Up to 7.0 BBO additional oil recovery (Source: Li et al, 2007) Examined 23 onshore basins and 6 offshore 5.2 Capacity 5.2 GtCO 2 storage potential 4.3 GtCO 2 onshore 0.9 GtCO 2 offshore 10% of OCIP for storage Examined 69 onshore coalbearing regions 12.1Gt GtCO 2 capacity 1.6 Tm 3 additional coal bed methane recovery

Ranking of potential storage sites Criterion Classes weight 1 st order 2 nd order Killer 1 2 3 4 5 storage capacity and injectivity (major economic factors) Size of structure element (divided by

12 Ranking of potential storage sites Criterion Classes weight 1 st order 2 nd order Killer storage capacity and injectivity (major economic factors) Size of structure element (divided by faults) Maximum depth Average permeability of storage formation (total, effective) porosity Fluid pressure Injection thickness Reservoir failure (pressure build-up) criterion <500 km 2 <1000 km 2 <1000m Shallow (<1,500 m) Small <5,000 km 2 Medium Large <10,000 km 2 <50,000 Intermediate (1,500 3,000 m) km 2 Giant >50,000 km Deep (>3,000 m) <1mD 1-10mD 10-50mD mD mD >1000mD 0.1 <5% 5-10% 10~15% 15~20% 20~25% >25% 0.02 pressure ratio (> 1.2) pressure ratio ( ) pressure ratio (<1.0) <10m 10-20m 20-50m m m >300m 0.08 Pluvial and Alluvial facies Fluvial facies Lacustrine and paludal facies Primary seal formation 0.01 Geothermal Warm basin Moderate Cold basin 0.05 (>40? /km) (20-40? /km) (<20? /km) Geology Extensively Moderately Limited 0.02 faulted and faulted and faulting fractured fractured Active faults <10km 10-20km 20-40km >40km 0.06 Methodology In-situ stress extension Strike -slip for compression site 0.01 zone zone zone zone Hydrocarbon none small medium large Giant 0.02 potential screening distance from >40km 20-40km <20km 0.04 hydrocarbon fields Hydrocarbon Unexplored Exploration Developing Mature Over mat ure 0 Risk minimization maturity Sedimentary facies Primary seal formation Buffer formations Pluvial and Alluvial seal by different lithology Pluvial and Alluvial Fluvial Lacustrine 0.03 and paludal regional seal Basin scale 0.03 formation seal formatin Fluvial Lacustrine 0.01

13 3 CCUS activities: Policy, R&D and demo

14 Policies are getting into details gradually National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development ( ) by State Council, 2006 China s scientific actions on climate change, by MOST, 2007 General statement to develop CO2 near zero emission technology 12 th National Scientific and Technological Plan on Climate Change by MOST, May 2012 Work plan for 12th 5-year National GHG Control by State Council, 2012 S&T roadmap of China s CCUS development by MOST/ACCA21, 2011 Special Plan for CCUS technology development by MOST, 2013 Detailed development measure Targets, actions in capture, storage, utilization and storage, full-chain demo, etc

15 Trends of Paper & Patent on CCUS ( ) SCI & EI Papers Domestic Patents

16 CCUS Progress Summary: R&D R&D Activities in the 11 th FYP Project Title The Project of CCS EOR, Utilization and Storage Program of CO2 Capture and Storage technology The Key Tech Research Program on CCS-EOR and Storage The Key Tech Research Program on CO2-Algae-Biodiesel CO2- Safety Mining with CO2 Gas Reservoirs and CO2 Utilization Tech Demonstration Project of Mining and Utilization Tech of Volcanic gas containing CO2 in Songliao Basin Funding by Duration National Major Special Project National Major Special Project Type of projects Basic Research Technology R&D R& D

17 CCUS Progress Summary: R&D R&D Activities in the 12 th FYP Name of Projects Demonstration Project of CO2 capture and geological storage in Coal Liquification Plant, China Shenhua Group The Key Tech Research Project of CO2 Emission Reducing on Iron-Steel Sector Research and Demostration Program of IGCC +CO2 Caputure, Utilization and Storage CO2 Storage Capacity Assessment and Demonstration in China The Program of CCS EOR, Utilization and Storage Funding by Duration Type of projects National Key Technology R&D Programme Technolog y R&D National Key Technology R&D Programme National Key Technology Technolog R&D Programme y R&D China Geological Survey Basic Research

18 CCUS Progress Summary: Enterprise Action Project Title Scale Capture Tech Storage/ Utilization Status The pilot project of CO2 Capture, Huaneng Beijing Gaobeidian Thermal Power Plant Capture Capacity:3,000 T/Y Post- Combustio n Food Use Operated in 2008 Demonstration Project of CO2 capture and storage in Coal Liquification Plant, China Shenhua Group Capture Capacity:100,000 T/Y Storage Capacity: 100,000 T/Y Coal liquefactio n Saline Aquifer operated in 2011 Demonstration Project of CO2 capture, Storage and Utilization in IGCC Plant Greengen of Huaneng Capture Capacity:60, ,000 T/Year Pre- Combustio n EOR Launched in 2011 Small Scale Demonstration Project on CO2 Capture and EOR in Shengli Oil Field, Sinopec Capture/Utilization:40,000T/ Y Post- Combustio n EOR Operated in 2010 Demonstration Project of CO2 capture, Shanghai Shidongkou Power Plant, Huaneng Capture Capacity:120,000 T/Y Post- Combustio n Food/ Industrial Operated since 2010 Demonstration project of Carbon Capture, Shuanghuai Power Plant, China Power Investment Capture Capacity:10,000 T/Y Post- Combustio n Food/ Manufactur e Operated in 2010 Pilot Plant of CO2 capture in Lianyungang City, CAS Capture Capacity:30,000 T/Y Pre- Combustio N/A Operated in 2011

19 Demonstration China Power Investment, 10,000t/a capture pilot Huazhong University of S&T (HUST) 35MWt Oxy-fuel pilot, Huaneng Group Gaobeidian & Shidongkou Power Plant Demo

20 Demonstration PetroChina CO 2 EOR,Jilin Oilfield ENN Group Micro algae Bio-fuel Pilot Capacity: 20,000t/y China United Coalbed Methane ECBM Pilot Project Qinshui, Shanxi

21 Demonstration SINOPEC, Shengli Oil Field CO2-EOR, 1Mt CO2/year Shenhua Group Erdos, 300,000t/a

22 CCUS Progress Summary: International Collaboration Project China-Australia Geological Storage of CO2 (CAGS) China-EU NZEC Cooperation China-EU Carbon Capture and Storage Cooperation (COACH COACH) Sino-Italy CCS Technology Cooperation Project(SICCS) China-US Clean energy Research Center CSLF Capacity Building Projects MOST-IEA Cooperation on CCUS Partner Duration DoI, GA UK, EU, Norway EU ENEL MOST, NEA, DOE CSLF IEA 2012-

23 Vision and Target System scale: System 1 million tons/a scale: >0.3million Energy tons/a penalty: : <20% Energy penalty: : Cost: : 300 RMB/ton <25% Cost: : 350 RMB/ton Capture system: Capture system: 1 million tons/a million tons/a Energy penalty:< 15% Energy penalty: : <20% Cost :180 RMB/ton Cost: : 210 RMB/ton Pipeline:200 :200km Pipeline: : >80km Cost:80 :80RMB RMB/ton ton*million Cost: : 90 RMB/ton km Capacity:0.3 :0.3million Capacity:>1 :>1million tons/a Utilization scale: : 1 Utilization scale:2 tons/a million tons/a million tons/a Oil- Oil-production production: production:0.6 :0.6million 0.3million tons/a tons/a Storage percentage: Storage percentage: 40-50% Storage: : 0.3million Storage: : 1million tons/a 50-60% Cost: : 40 RMB/ton tons/a Cost: : 50 RMB/ton Establish 1 Mt/a full- Launch full- chain demo chain demo Technically Feasible & economically affordable Technical Capacity for applications System scale: >1 million tons/a Energy penalty: : <17% Cost: : 240 RMB/ton Capture system: >1 million tons/a Energy penalty:< 12% Cost : 140 RMB/ton Pipeline net:>= 1000km Cost: : 70 RMB/ton Utilization scale:>2 million tons/a Oil-production production:1 :1million tons/a Storage percentage: 60% Storage: : >1million tons/a Cost: : 30 RMB/ton

24 CCUS Technology Roadmap: Full Chain Demo 大型油田中型油田小型油田 EOR and Depleted Oil reservoir Storage Opportunities 煤层 ECBM Storage Opportunities

25 Current Work An Assessment Report on CO2 Utilization Technologies in China will be published soon, led by ACCA21. Enhanced Energy Recovery Enhanced Resources Recovery Chemicals production Bio & Agriculture production Products from industrial wastes To update CCUS Roadmap with new recognition on Utilization technologies.

26 4 conclusions

27 CCUS is important to China In the long term, an important technical option for CO2 reduction. In the short term, could serve as important tool to solve energy and resource issues, e.g. enhanced exploration of shale gas, geothermal, saline water and liquid mineral. Besides technology R&D, enabling policies are essential for the take off of CCUS. The nature of CCUS technology calls for enhanced International collaboration.

28 Thank you! For More Information, Please Visit: ccuschina.org org.cn 28

Status of CCUS in China

ICBT-WBS, Changsha, 19 th Oct 2014 Status of CCUS in China Dr. ZHANG Xian The Administrative Centre for China s Agenda 21 Contents Overview of Economy, Energy and Emissions in China Role & Potential of