International Development in Biogas Utilization

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1 Renewable Energy Asia 2008 June, 4th 2008 / BITEC, Bangkok International Development in Biogas Utilization A. Schattauer Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut (vti) Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries Braunschweig / Germany

2 Outline Introduction Biogas plants & renewables in Germany Activities at vti-institute Process Design and Operating Conditions

3 Energy Potential Source: FNR

4 Biogas plants in Germany Number of Plants

5 Feed-in tariffs for biogas-based electricity CHP- Bonus 25 Technology Bonus Biomass Bonus Euro-Ct / kwhel Basic fee ,99 9,46 8,51 8,03 0 <150 kw >150 kw kw >500 kw - 5 MW >5 MW - 20 MW

6 Renewables in Germany

7 Biogas plants in Germany ??? Number of Plants

8 Amendment of EEG (2008) The actual draft for the amendment of the EEG has planned to open the input of biogas plants for specific by-products and residues from industry without loosing the biomass bonus. Application of biorefinery concepts possible

9 Activities at vti Projects & Programs

10 EU-Agro-Biogas Project ( ) European Biogas Initiative to improve the yield of agricultural biogas plants Objectives: To improve the degree of efficiency in the fermenter of about 35% To increase the biogas yield of about 40% To optimise and guarantee quality and safety of digested material To improve, optimise and demonstrate selected conversion technologies (CHP, heat utilisation) To reduce the investment and operational costs of medium and large agricultural biogas plants of about 20 to 30%

11 EU-Agro-Biogas Project 14 Partners from 8 countries European online substrate atlas / database and standardised methane energy valuation model Innovative feeding technology Monitoring, management and early-warning system for agricultural biogas plants

12 National Biogas Evaluation Program ( ) Aims: Evaluation of new biogas plants build after 2004 State of the art Type of substrates Operating conditions Procedure: Pre-evaluation of 346 biogas plants Detailed techno-scientific investigation of 60 representative biogas plants

13 Substrate application in agricultural biogas plants ( ) Energy crops & manure Energy crops Manure

14 Use of raw materials ( )

15 Applied process temperature Relative frequency [%] mesophilic thermophilic combined Process temperature [ C]

16 Biogas plants in Germany Techniques & Design

17 Two-stage agricultural biogas plant

18 Dry-fermentation plants with garage fermenters System BIOFerm System Bekon

19 Discontinously operated dry-fermentation with perkolation

20 Linde, KCA plant in Hoheneggelsen, Germany

21 Continuosly operated dry-fermentation plant

22 DRANCO-FARM plant in Bassum, Germany Dranco Verfahren (O.W.S.)

23 Continously operated dry-fermentation plant with silo fermenter (DRANCO-FARM, OWS)

24 Thank you very much... for your attention!

25 Use of fermentation residues Approx % of Input Depends on substrates Utilization as organic fertilizer Decrease of dry matter content Improved field application fewer losses of ammonia Increase of the ammonia content Organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia Improved availability for plants

26 Biogas yield & Production rate Biogas yield [m³/kg] Production rate [m³/m³*d] A hydraulic retention time [HRT] Quelle: Linke, ATB

27 Simple & Fast: VFA/TAC - Analysis Empiric Method from waste water treatment VFA / TAC= VolatileFattyAcids TotalAnorganicCarbon Advantages: Easy to use (Titration) Reliable results for specific plant Disadvantages VFA = cummulative value Redundant dimensioning of VFA Sample conditioning affects result

28 Conditioning of biogas Biogas as vehicle fuel Water Particles H 2 S H 2 S, NH 3, Cl-Verb. CO 2 Biogas Compression Drying Filtration Desulfuration Precision Cleaning Methaneenrichment Raw biogas Reforming H 2 Hydrogen as fuel (fuel cell)

29 Potatoes Potatoe pulp Frequency of use of different substrates Maize silage Gras silage Grain husk Fatty Wastes Lawn gras Whey Food Vegetables Frequency of use [%]

30 Biogas yield of different substrates Cow manure Pig manure Cow dung Beet leaf Fodder beets Sudan grass Gras silage Rye silage Maize Silage Grain husk Bread Bakery residues Fatty w astes m 3 Biogas per t Substrate (FM)

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