Zero Energy Building Example in Estonia. Tõnu Mauring

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1 Zero Energy Building Example in Estonia Tõnu Mauring University of Tartu, Estonia Jan , Riga

2 Site location Põlva, Estonia (58 N, 27 E) Long-term average dry bulb temperature for inland part of Estonia is in: December -2,5 C, January -3,0 C, February -5,2 C. [Kalamees and Kurnitski 2006] [Kalamees and Vinha 2004] Corresponding long-term average daily minimum values are from November to March below -10,0 C, For January below -14,3 C. Temperature falls Occasionally below -30,0 C, Frequently below -15,0 C [Kalamees 2006] [Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute 2002]

3 Monthly average ambient air temperature

4 Sunshine duration hours in month

5 Sunshine duration

6

7 Põlva, Estonia

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10 Architects Martha Enriquez Reinberg and Georg W. Reinberg Treated floor area (PHPP) 280,6 m 2 Number of rooms 6 Construction time Mixed wood and concrete

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12 Thermal envelope Wall 400 mm cellulose fiber, 94 mm KLH Massive wood, U = 0,105 W/(m 2 K) Ceiling 500 mm EPS, 102 mm KLH U = 0,079 W/(m 2 K) Wall, underground 500 mm EPS, 200 mm concrete U = 0,066 W/(m 2 K) Floor 300 mm XPS, 300 mm concrete, 100 mm EPS U = 0,086 W/(m 2 K)

13 Wall construction U = 0,105 W/(m 2 K) Ψ -0,046 W/(mK) THERM 7.1 THERM 6.3

14 Wall construction U = 0,105 W/(m 2 K) Ψ -0,014 W/(mK) THERM 7.1

15 Window SmartWin fixed U frame 0,57 W/(m 2 K) ψ spacer 0,026 W/(mK) ψ installation 0,010 W/(mK) SmartWin opening U raam 0,77 W/(m 2 K) ψ spacer 0,026 W/(mK) ψ installation 0,010 W/(mK) U glas 0,54 W/(m 2 K) g-value 0,50

16 Window Outside insulation Ψ = 0,014 W/(mK) SmartWin Ψ = 0,050 W/(mK) Comparison: not insulated

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22 Ventilation unit Paul Novus 300 Heat recovery 93% (PHI def) Paul Sole Defroster SD-550, 226 m long 40 mm pipe

23 airtightness n 50 = 0,31 h -1

24 Heat loss and heat gains in kwh/month Building heat balance in kwh/month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Net space heat demand Utilised internal heat gains Utilised solar gains Non-utilised internal heat gains Non-utilised solar gains Heat losses PHPP 2007, ISO 13790

25 Heat losses and gains in heating period in kwh/a Exterior Wall to Ambient Exterior Wall to Conservatory Exterior Wall to Ground Roof to Ambient Floor slab Windows (incl. thermal bridges) Exterior Door Linear thermal bridges (external dim.) Ventilation and infiltration Utilised solar heat gain Utilised internal heat gain Annual net space heat demand Building heat balance in kwh/a PHPP 2007, ISO 13790

26 Window heat balance in kwh/a Heat losses Utilised solar gains Non-utilised solar gains West South East North Heat loss and gain for the heating period in kwh/a PHPP 2007, ISO 13790

27 2 x 1000 L Solar thermal system, calculated annual production 4900 kwh

28 12 m 2 roof integrated solar thermal collectors for warm water Sonnenkraft SK IMK

29 separate array of solar thermal collectors 13 m 2 for heating and warm water integrated to southern façade and optimized for the winter operation

30 Ground source heat pump Viessmann Vitocal 300 G BWC 5,9 kw COP = 4,5 2 x 80 m deep vertical boreholes

31 Wall heating 2 x 1000 L 39/33ºC supply/return temperture

32 Summer night ventilation

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38 Space heating + warm water heating balance in kwh/a Calculated values Net space heating demand Production Heat pump Solar thermal Losses of space heat distribution (non-utilised) Demand Space heating DHW DHW losses Net energy demand for domestic hot water (DHW) production Losses of DHW storage and distribution (non-utilised) Energy demand and production (kwh/a) Energy demand covered by GSHP (vertical ground source heat pump) Useful energy production by solar-thermal system for space heating and DHW

39 Aim: net zero energy house 90 m 2 PV panels SolarWorld Sunmodule Plus SW 196 Vario poly Calculated annual production of the system kwh

40 Electricity kwh/a Electricity demand and production in kwh/a Calculated values: Photovoltaic Domestic appliances, lighting, sauna equipment etc. Technical installations (ventilators, pumps etc.) GSHP (vertical ground source heat pump) 0 Demand Production

41 Calculated electricity demand heat pump household auxilliary kwh/a Calculated PV electricity production 90 m 2 SolarWorld Sunmodule Plus SW 196 Vario poly Calculated production: Balance kwh/a

42 electrical energy in kwh Measured values in 2013 PV generated grid traffic Sold to grid Bought from grid Sold to grid Bought from grid July Aug Sept Okt Nov Dez Sold to grid (blue) Bought from grid (red) July Aug Sept Okt Nov Dez

43 Monitoring Window and door position sensors (4) for night cooling and CO 2 Indoor air temperature and humidity sensors (6) for indoor climate on all floors and different room types CO 2 (2) for indoor climate in two bedrooms Massive wall temperature sensors (12) for temperature on different sides and heigths of wall Ventilation system (including defroster) temperature and humidity sensors (5) Outside air temperture and humidity sensors Wall construction temperature and humidity sensors (5) Wall heat flux sensor Global radiation sensor

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45 Temperature cource in massive wall regular temperature increase 7 K in 6,5 hr due to passive solar no additional heating in March 2013

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47 Measured indoor air relative humidity % 1 st floor bedroom 50% 30% 1 month period: Aug 24 to Sept

48 Measured indoor air CO 2 concentration 1 st floor bedroom 1000 ppm 400 ppm 1 month period: Aug 24 to Sept

49 Thank you! Parties involved in the project: Architects: Martha Enriquez Reinberg and Georg W. Reinberg, Architekturbüro Reinberg ZT GmbH, Wien, Austria. Consulters: Tõnu Mauring, Jaanus Hallik and Kristo Kalbe, University of Tartu (building physics, monitoring), Johannes Riebenbauer, Graz (static engineer), S&P Climadesign GmbH (technical systems), Margus Valge, Sense OÜ (project management and site supervision), PassiveHouse OÜ Estonia and Passive House Institute Darmstadt (certification).

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