2001 Question 28 Organic Geology A Non-renewable Resource (25 marks) (a) (i) Identify ONE property of coal that changes with increasing coal rank.
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1 2001 Question 28 Organic Geology A Non-renewable Resource (25 marks) (a) (i) Identify ONE property of coal that changes with increasing coal rank. 1 (ii) Coal mined from a coal seam contains mineral matter and organic 2 material. Describe how the organic material is extracted from the coal. (b) In your study of Organic Geology A Non-renewable Resource, you have undertaken first-hand investigations of the combustion of fossil fuels. (i) Outline a procedure that could be used to distinguish between the 2 products of complete and incomplete combustion of a fossil fuel. (ii) Explain ONE effect on the environment resulting from the incomplete 2 combustion of fossil fuels. (c) The table provides data on different sources of electricity generation for a 4 country, and the price per megawatt-hour (MWh). Amount of power commercially generated (MW) Year Solar Hydroelectric Nuclear Coal Total * Price per MWh ($) (includes capital costs) Year Solar Hydroelectric Nuclear Coal * * Projected values 1 P age Analyse the main trends shown in the data.
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5 2003 Question 28- Organic Geology A Non renewable Resource (25 marks) 5 P age
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9 2005 Question 28- Organic Geology a Non renewable Resource (25 marks) (a) In your study of this option you carried out an investigation to distinguish between the products of complete and incomplete combustion. (i) Describe ONE appropriate method you used to present the data you 2 gathered. (ii) Justify whether this investigation was best undertaken individually or by 2 a team. (b) Examine the data table of coal characteristics. Coal rank Carbon (%) Specific energy (MJ kg 1 ) In-situ moisture (%) Volatile material (%) (Peat) Brown Sub-bituminous High volatile bituminous Medium volatile bituminous Low volatile bituminous <1 14 Semi-anthracite <1 8 Anthracite <1 2 (i) On the graph paper provided on page 33, draw a graph to show the effect 4 of changing coal rank on carbon content and volatile material. (ii) Propose a reason for the trends in carbon content and volatile material 2 with coal rank. (c) Assess the effectiveness of strategies that are currently being used to reduce the 7 environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels. 9 P age
10 2006 Question 28- Organic geology A non-renewable resource (25 marks) (a) In this option you have gathered and analysed material from secondary sources to outline the methods and technologies used to locate fossil fuel reserves. (i) Outline the process by which you gathered relevant information, 2 identifying sources that you used. (ii) Describe how you were able to assess the reliability of the information 3 from these sources. (b) (i) Construct a flow-diagram to outline the refining of petroleum, including 3 distillation and catalytic cracking. 10 P age
11 (ii) The table shows the prices of oil and coal, and the amounts used for electricity generation in an industrial country between 1970 and Year Price of crude oil ($ / barrel) Price of coal ($ / tonne) Relative consumption of fossil fuel for electricity generation Oil Coal (1) What is meant by the term fossil fuel? 1 (2) Using data from the table, explain the trends in the use of oil versus 2 coal in electricity generation. (c) Evaluate the continued use of fossil fuels in Australia. 7 (d) (i) Identify the difference between diagenesis and catagenesis in the 1 maturation of petroleum. (ii) Explain how petroleum accumulates. 2 (iii) Assess methods for conserving energy P age
12 2007 Question 29- Organic geology A non renewable resource (25 marks) (a) (i) Identify TWO renewable resources as alternatives to fossil fuels. 1 (ii) Outline the future potential of ONE of these renewable resources. 2 (b) The graph shows the energy yield and carbon content for petrol and several types of coal. (i) Explain the trend in energy yield of coal relative to carbon content. 2 (ii) Describe TWO advantages that petrol has over coal as a transport fuel. 2 (c) In your study of this option, you performed a first-hand investigation to test the energy efficiency of several non-fossil fuels. (i) State a suitable hypothesis for your investigation. 1 (ii) Outline a simple procedure that tested this hypothesis. 2 (iii) Explain ONE safe work practice that was used during the investigation. 2 (d) Evaluate methods for conserving energy through architectural design for the 6 benefit of the individual and the environment. 12 P age
13 (e) The temperature and rock density at the bottom of twelve boreholes in an oil field were measured. Depth (m) Temperature ( C) Rock density (g/cm 3 ) (i) Detach the graph paper on page 33. Plot BOTH the temperature and rock 4 density against depth. (ii) State the relationship between temperature and depth. 1 (iii) Outline how temperature and rock density influence oil migration P age
14 2008 Question 28- Organic geology A non renewable resource (25 marks) (a) (i) Identify ONE petroleum producing area. 1 (ii) Name ONE component of coal that increases as rank increases. 1 (iii) Define the term fossil fuel. 1 (iv) What is meant by the term non-renewable? 1 (v) Give ONE condition that is common to the formation of both coal and 1 petroleum._ (b) Compare TWO exploration methods used to locate coal and oil. 3 (c) Using information in the stratigraphic column shown, construct in your writing 4 booklet a fully labelled geological cross-section showing a structure where oil, gas and water would accumulate. Key Limestone Shale Sandstone Siltstone Coal Conglomerate 14 P age
15 (d) (i) Identify TWO products generated by complete combustion of a fossil 1 fuel. (ii) Describe an appropriate procedure to distinguish between the products 3 of incomplete and complete combustion of a fossil fuel. (iii) How could you assess the reliability of data obtained? 2 (e) Analyse the effects of replacing electricity generated by fossil fuels with 7 electricity generated from alternative sources. 15 P age
16 2009 Question 28- Organic geology A non renewable resource (25 marks) (c) (i) What is catalytic cracking in petroleum refining? 1 (ii) Outline the maturation of petroleum including diagenesis, catagenesis 3 and metagenesis. 16 P age
17 (d) The table shows the percentage of carbon in some fossil fuels and the amount of carbon dioxide produced during combustion. Carbon in fuel (%) Carbon dioxide production during combustion (g CO 2 /100 g fuel) (i) Identify the independent variable in the table. 1 (ii) Detach the graph paper on page 39. Plot the information given in the 3 table onto the graph paper. (e) The graph shows the relationship between depth and rock density in a coal basin. 17 P age
18 Analyse the trend in the graph. 3 (f) Analyse how the geology of both coal deposits and petroleum accumulations 6 influences exploration techniques for these resources. 18 P age
19 2010 Question 32- Organic geology A non renewable resource (25 marks) 19 P age
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21 2011 Question 33- Organic geology A non renewable resource (25 marks) Justify the use of a combination of drilling and ONE geophysical technique to 4 determine if oil may be located in the geological setting shown. (c) Compare the process of coalification with the process of hydrocarbon 4 maturation. (d) To compare the products of combustion when a fuel is burned, students burned equal amounts of coal in small, medium and large containers of air. The final volumes of carbon dioxide, water vapour and carbon were measured. 21 P age The results are given below. 100 ml container: 15 units carbon dioxide, 10 units water vapour and 5 units carbon; 200 ml container: 29 units carbon dioxide, 18 units water vapour and
22 4 units carbon; 300 ml container: 48 units carbon dioxide, 32 units water vapour and no carbon. (i) Organise the results in a more scientific way. 2 (ii) Comment on any trends in the results and then write a suitable 3 conclusion for the investigation. (iii) Outline ONE method that could have been used to ensure the reliability 2 of the results. (e) Evaluate the need for a change in the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy. In 6 your answer, refer to specific examples. 22 P age
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