Low-Hanging Fruit Simple Steps Toward Energy Effective Building Operations

Transcription

1 Low-Hanging Fruit Simple Steps Toward Energy Effective Building Operations Roger Ebbage Northwest Water / Energy Education Institute Lane Community College May 7-9 Enzian Inn - Leavenworth, Washington

2

3 Why We do this Work! It is impossible to stress how important improving energy efficiency is and how great an impact it can have on mitigating climate change and reducing our energy bills now! It is truly the first fuel the energy source that costs the least to install, has no emissions, is in infinite supply, and can be generated with a flick of a finger. Thomas Friedman : Hot, Flat, and Crowded 2009

4 Dynamic Use Patterns in Buildings: UNDERSTANDING ENERGY USE CHARACTERISTICS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

5 amps kw Disassembling Patterns of the Whole Space temp Building 90 Space RH Space 60 Temperature 50 Electric Demand Profile 40 sfamp(20)amp Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Peak kw /09/99 11/10/99 11/11/99 11/12/99 11/13/99 11/14/ Date Month 0 02/18/99 02/19/99 02/20/99 02/21/99 02/22/99 02/23/99 02/24/99 Utility History Date HVAC Operation Energy End Use Split Other 2.5% Space Heat 0.0% Space Cool 6.1% Fans and Pumps 3.6% Hot Water 0.9% Refrigeration 53.5% Int. Lighting 33.2% Ext. Lighting 0.2% Energy End Use Split 5

6 amps Patterns in Energy Analysis Measure Actual Energy Use (Identify Pattern) Determine Required Use (Evaluate Pattern) fan amps/20amp /22 00:00 01/22 06:00 01/22 12:00 01/22 18:00 01/23 00:00 Date, 1999 Compare the Difference (Modify Pattern) 6

7 Defining Commercial Buildings Commercial Buildings What Are They? How To Define? Energy Use Index (EUI) Energy End Use Splits Use/Load Patterns (Function) Measure (continuously) and Manage 7

8 Calculating an EUI Energy Use Index 1. Sum Annual Energy Use 2. Convert to Common Unit (BTU) 3. Divide by Area, square footage 4. BTU/ft 2 -year 1st Insurance Center office at 88,777 ft 2 All Electric at 4,838,000 kwh/yr 4,838,000 kwh x 3413 Btu/kWh = 16,507,256,000 BTU/year EUI = 16,507,256,000 BTU / 88,777 ft 2 = 185,940 BTU/ft 2 -year or 186 kbtu/ft 2 -yr 8

9 Energy End Use Splits Estimating Energy End Uses 1. Separate fossil fuel & electricity 2. Calculate EUI 3. Compare to typical statistics from CBECs 4. Break into end uses Space heating Space cooling Interior lighting Plug loads Fans and pumps Potable water heating Refrigeration Elevators Exterior lighting Other (kitchen, process, etc.) 9

10 Seasonal Use Patterns 1. Separate Fuels 2. Plot Monthly Use 3. Establish Annual Baseline 4. Identify Seasonal End Uses 5. Identify Unusual Monthly Variations Fuel Use Profiles 10

11 kwh kw Fuel Use Profiles Electrical Profile 500, , , , , , Energy, kwh Demand, kw 200, , , , Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Period 11 0

12 therms Fuel Use Profiles Natural Gas Use Profile Gas Use, therms Gas Use, therms Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Period 12

13 LCC Energy Utilization Index Lane Community College Energy End Use Breakdown Building Area (SF) Electric Use (MMBTU/ Yr) Gas Use (MMBTU/Yr) EUI (KBTU/SF-Yr) Administration Air Tech Apprenticeship Apprenticeship Annex Auto Tech Business Center Electronics Forum Health Tech Industrial Tech Machine Tech Math and Art Performing Arts Physical Ed Science Campus Service Site Lighting Campus Wide

14 Defining Commercial Buildings Elementary Schools Energy Use Index & Energy End Use Split Space Heat: 20,950 Btu/sq.ft-year Interior Lighting: 9,500 Btu/sq.ft.-year Potable Hot Water: 4,800 Btu/sq.ft.-year Fans & Pumps: 3,800 Btu/sq.ft.-year Plug Loads: 2,800 Btu/sq.ft.-year 14

15 Defining Commercial Buildings Middle Schools Energy Use Index & Energy End Use Split Space Heat: 27,100 Btu/sq.ft.-year Interior Lighting: 12,300 Btu/sq.ft.-year Potable Hot Water: 6,200 Btu/sq.ft.-year Fans & Pumps: 4,900 Btu/sq.ft.-year Plug Loads: 3,600 Btu/sq.ft.-year 15

16 Defining Commercial Buildings High Schools Energy Use Index & Energy End Use Split Space Heat: 35,400 Btu/sq.ft-year Interior Lighting: 16,100 Btu/sq.ft.-year Cooling: 6,500 Btu/sq.ft.-year Fans & Pumps: 6,400 Btu/sq.ft.-year Miscellaneous 5,700 Btu/sq.ft.-year 16

17 Defining Commercial Buildings Super Markets Energy Use Index & Energy End Use Split Refrigeration: 43,800 Btu/sq.ft-year Space Heat: 37,500 Btu/sq.ft.-year Interior Lighting: 19,600 Btu/sq.ft.-year Space Cooling: 8,600 Btu/sq.ft.-year Fans & Pumps: 7,800 Btu/sq.ft.-year 17

18 Defining Commercial Buildings Other Building Types Energy Use Index Hospitals: 222,000 Btu/sq.ft-year Motels: 64,000 Btu/sq.ft.-year Fast Food Restaurants: 450,000 Btu/sq.ft.-year Department Stores: 61,000 Btu/sq.ft.-year Warehouses: 25,000 Btu/sq.ft.-year 18

19 Energy Star Portfolio Manager Commercial Building Energy 19

20 Energy Star Portfolio Manager Commercial Building Energy 20

21 Energy Star Portfolio Manager Commercial Building Energy 21

22 Energy Star Portfolio Manager Commercial Building Energy 22

23 Statement of Energy Performance

24 Defining Commercial Buildings Energy Use Patterns Most Complex Sector Each Building is Unique Efficiency Opportunities are Plentiful 24

25 O&Ms Motors & Drives Digital Controls Lighting Energy Reduction Opportunities: THE BIG FOUR WE LL DISCUSS O&M

26 Operations and Maintenance (O&M) O&Ms Improvements Evaluate Actual Operation vs. Needed Operation Adjust Equipment Schedules Adjust Control Setpoints Occupant Education / Behavior Modification Turn It Off Turn It Down Fix Broken Equipment Maintain Savings 26

27 Adjust Equipment Schedules Fan Schedules Actual (via Datalogging) On: 5:30 AM Off: 9:15 PM Intended On: 6 AM Off: 5 PM Savings Fan energy Heating energy (ventilation) Cooling plant energy 27

28 amps Adjust Fan Schedules 50 FanAmps(50) Intended Hours, 05/13/02-05/13/02 28

29 F F F amps Check % of Outside Air 45.0 SF amps 65% OSA MA temp Ra temp OSA temp /09 18:00 01/10 00:00 01/10 06:00 01/10 12:00 01/10 18:00 01/11 00:00 01/11 06:00 01/11 12:00 Date, 1996 Temp ra Temp ma Temp ra - Temp osa 29

30 Turn it Off Computers Occupant Education Monitor off when out of office for longer than 15 minutes. Computer and monitor off over night and on weekends. Lights When out of office for longer than 15 minutes. Overnight and on weekends. De-lamp in over-lit areas like hallways Commercial Building Energy Analysis 30

31 amps amps amps amps 16.0 Turn Off Computers Phase C Lights Turn off computers and save 60,000 kwh/yr! Phase A Recept Phase B Recept Phase C Recept 02/01/00 02/02/00 02/03/00 02/04/00 02/05/00 02/06/00 02/07/00 Date Unoccupied receptacle load = 13.2 kw (80% of occupied) Occupied receptacle load = 16.4 kw Commercial Building Energy Analysis 31

32

33

34 Plug Load Trends and Energy Use

35 Plug Load Energy Use Trends 35 Source: Graph created by Ecova with data from EIA 2008 Annual Energy Outlook

36

37 Tune / Adjust Systems Delamping Actual (Measured) 120 fc Required 40 to 60 fc Savings Delamp to 2-lamps Lighting energy 37

38 Fix Broken Equipment Replace Broken Valve 15 gpm flow Out overflow drain Water & sewer savings 38

39 Issues Operations and Maintenance Improvements Instant Payback (no first cost) Need to Understand Occupant Needs Sometimes Hard to Maintain Savings over Time Establish Energy Conservation User Group Appoint Resource Conservation Manager Track Savings Communicate Results to Management and Occupants Commercial Building Energy Analysis 39

40 Get Trained! Advertisement!