IEA Energy Storage Technology Roadmap Launch. Didier Houssin, Cecilia Tam and Melissa Lott International Energy Agency. 19 March 2014 Paris

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1 IEA Energy Storage Technology Roadmap Launch Didier Houssin, Cecilia Tam and Melissa Lott International Energy Agency 19 March 2014 Paris

IEA Flagship Publication, Energy Technology Perspectives 6 C

Gt ------------> Source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 6 C

policies 2 C Scenario - energy-related CO 2 -emissions halved by

2 IEA Flagship Publication, Energy Technology Perspectives 6 C Scenario emissions 58 Gt > 2 C Scenario emissions 16 Gt > Source: Energy Technology Perspectives C Scenario business-as-usual; no adoption of new energy and climate policies 2 C Scenario - energy-related CO 2 -emissions halved by 2050 through CO 2 -price and strong policies ETP 2014 Release May 2014

3 Technology roadmaps provide answers Engage cross-section of stakeholders Identify a baseline Establish a vision Identify technical, regulatory, policy, financial, public acceptance barriers Develop implementation action items for stakeholders

4 Role of in the energy system Improving energy system resource use efficiency Helping to integrate higher levels of variable renewable resources and end-use sector electrification Supporting greater production of energy where it is consumed Increasing energy access Improving electricity grid stability, flexibility, reliability and resilience. OECD/IEA

5 Storage can help to better integrate our electricity and heat systems

6 Electricity and thermal can provide a wide range of applications

7 Current grid-connected electricity dominated by Pumped Storage Hydropower Installed capacity in MW Lithium-ion 100 Lead acid 70 PSH Other 976 Sodiumsulphur 304 Nickel-cadmium 27 Flywheel 25 Redox-flow 10 CAES 440

8 A wide range of technologies exists at different stages of maturity

9 Storage technologies current status Technology Location Output Efficiency (%) Pumped hydropower Initial investment cost (USD/kW) Primary application Supply electricity long-term Example projects Goldisthal Project (Germany), Okinawa Yanbaru Seawater PSH Facility (Japan), Pedreira PSH Station (Brazil) Underground thermal energy Supply thermal long-term Drake Landing Solar Community (Canada), Akershus University Hospital and Nydalen Industrial Park (Norway) Compressed Supply electricity long-term air energy, arbitrage Pit Supply thermal medium temperature applications Molten salts Supply thermal hightemperature Batteries Supply, demand applications electricity distributed/ off-grid, short-term McIntosh (Alabama, USA), Huntorf (Germany) Marstal district heating system (Denmark) Gemasolar CSP Plant (Spain) NaS batteries (Presidio, USA and Rokkasho Futamata Project, Japan), Vanadium redox flow (Sumimtomo Office, Japan), Lead-acid (Notrees Wind Storage, USA), Li-ion (AES Laurel Mountain, USA and Community Energy Storage, Canada), Lithium Polymer (Autolib, France)

10 Storage technologies current status Technology Location Output Efficiency (%) Chemical hydrogen Supply, demand Initial investment cost (USD/kW) Primary application electrical long-term Flywheels T&D electricity short-term Supercapacitors T&D electricity short-term Superconducting magnetic energy Solid media T&D electricity short-term Demand thermal medium temperature Ice Demand thermal lowtemperature Hot water Demand thermal medium temperature Example projects Utsira Hydrogen Project (Norway), Complementary Systems H2Herten (Germany) PJM Project (USA) Hybrid electric vehicles (R&D phase) D-SMES (United States) Residential electric thermal (USA) Denki University (Tokyo, Japan), China Pavilion project (China) Peak demand reduction in France, TCES (United States) Cold-water Demand thermal lowtemperature Shanghai Pudong International Airport (China)

11 Share of variable renewables in electricity generation (%) Storage can help to integrate higher levels of variable renewables 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% China India European Union United States

12 GW 2DS vision for in the electricity systems China India European Union United States DS Breakthrough EV

13 Levelised cost of electricity (USD / MWh) Sharp Declines in Costs Needed PSH Hydrogen CAES Sodium Sulphide Lead Acid Vanadium Redox Current cost range 2DS cost target Breakthrough cost target Lithium-ion

14 Actions spanning across technologies and applications

15 Policy and regulatory frameworks

16 Roadmap Key Findings Storage can support energy system decarbonisation Some technologies already competitive, others (particularly electricity ) still too expensive Additional R&D still needed to reduce costs Optimal role for varies widely across regions Power markets are ill-equipped to compensate for suite of services they can provide Thermal energy systems could make better use of wasted heat

17 Key actions over the next 10 years Retrofit existing facilities Develop markets and regulatory environments that enable accelerated deployment i.e benefits-stacking Support targeted demonstration projects and R&D Establish a comprehensive set of international standards Establish international and national data co-operation Complete regional assessments to quantify the value of in specific regions and energy markets

18 DOWNLOAD THE ROADMAP AND ANNEXES AT: publication/name,36573,en.html FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT:

IEA Energy Storage Technology Roadmap Launch

IEA Energy Storage Technology Roadmap Launch Didier Houssin, Cecilia Tam and Melissa Lott International Energy Agency 19 March 2014 Paris IEA Flagship Publication, Energy Technology Perspectives 6 C Scenario