Portugal Energy efficiency report

Transcription

1 Portugal Energy efficiency report Objectives: o 2.2 Mtoe of end-user energy savings by 216 o 25% savings in primary energy consumption by 22 Overview - (%/year) Primary intensity (EU=1)¹ % - CO 2 intensity (EU=1) % + CO 2 emissions per capita (in tco /cap) % ++ Power generation - (%/year) Efficiency of thermal power plants (in %) % Rate of electricity T&D losses (in %) % + CO 2 emissions per kwh generated (in gco /kwh) % Industry - (%/year) Energy intensity (EU=1) % -- Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption (in %) % - Unit consumption of steel (in toe/t) % Among best countries + Better than the EU average 1 - Below the EU average 1 --Among countries with the lowest performances Latest update: January The European Union, as the best performing region, is used as the benchmark.

2 1. Overview 1.1. Policies: 25% energy savings by 22 Portugal adopted its National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) in and revised it in July 211. The energy savings target was raised from 1.8 Mtoe in 215 to 2.2 Mtoe in 216. Of those savings, 38 percent must be achieved in the transport sector, 29 percent in the households and services sector, 24 percent in industry, 4 percent in public administrations and 5 percent through behavioral changes. Portugal s National Energy Strategy 22 (NES 22) is a continuation of the NEEAP and sets a primary energy consumption reduction target of 2 percent by 22. In November 211, the Portuguese Government raised the primary energy consumption reduction target to 25 percent by 22. An Energy Efficiency Fund was created in May with an initial allocation of 1.5 million euros (about $2 billion) to encourage behavioral changes and raise awareness, and to support energy efficiency projects (technology-oriented projects and projects not covered by the NEEAP) Energy consumption trends: decrease since Portugal s total energy consumption per capita is 35 percent below the EU average, at 2.2 toe in. Total energy consumption (primary consumption) grew steadily until (3.7 percent/year). The growth in energy consumption slowed down over the last decade (+.3 percent/year between and ) and decreased as a result of the economic crisis: energy consumption fell by 3.5 percent in, by 1.5 percent in and by 1 percent in. Figure 1: Energy consumption trends by sector 3 25 Other Industry Power generation 2 Mtoe The share of industry (including non-energy uses) in total energy consumption dropped from 4 percent in to 29 percent in, while that of the power sector has remained relatively stable at around 25 percent. Oil is the main fuel consumed, with 5 percent of the total energy consumption in (down from 65 percent in ). Natural gas was introduced in and now accounts for 19 percent of the country s total energy consumption. Portugal s electricity consumption per capita is 2 percent lower than the EU average, although it almost doubled between and (around 4,65 kwh/cap in ). Industrial electricity consumption increased strongly between and (+3 percent/year), slowed down until and declined in and. In, it rose by 1.8 percent but remained below its level. The share of the industrial sector in electricity consumption is now 33 percent, compared with 51 percent in. That fall is due to the strong increase in the electricity consumption of the households and services sector (+5.4 percent/year over -), which now accounts for 64 percent of electricity consumption, compared with 46 percent in. Portugal Country reports 2

3 Figure 2: Electricity consumption trends by sector 6 5 Industry Others 4 TWh Energy efficiency trends: improvements since Portugal s total energy intensity (total energy consumption per unit of GDP), measured at purchasing power parity, is 14 percent lower than the EU average (). Between and the decrease in total energy intensity was almost insignificant (-.1 percent/year). Significant improvements have taken place since, with energy intensity decreasing by 1 percent/year. The faster decrease in the energy intensity of the power sector is linked to a reduction in power conversion losses, driven by the rapid development of gas combined cycles and the increased use of wind. Efficiency gains in industry were also higher over - (.9 percent/year decrease in energy intensity). Figure 3: Energy intensity trends.% % %/year -.4% -.6% -.8% -1.% -1.2% Total Power generation Industry 2. Power generation: large penetration of high-efficiency CCGTs The efficiency of the power sector increased substantially over the period -, from 48 percent to 59 percent. That improvement was noticeable in thermal generation, where the average efficiency rose from 39 percent to 42 percent thanks to the commissioning of new gas combined cycles. The CCGT capacity tripled Portugal Country reports 3

4 between and (3.4 GW in ), and now accounts for 35 percent of the thermal capacity (18 percent of Portugal s total installed capacity). Figure 4: Efficiency of power generation and thermal power plants Figure 5: Thermal electricity capacity, by technology Steam Gas turbines Combined cycles 5 % Total power generation Thermal power plants GW The rate of T&D losses in Portugal decreased steadily by 2.4 percent/year between and and is now around 7.2 percent, ie slightly above the EU average (). Figure 6: Electric T&D losses % Portugal Country reports 4

5 3. Industry 3.1. Policies: monitoring of energy-intensive facilities and CHP promotion The Intensive Energy Consumption Management System (SGCIE) was created in as part of the NEEAP to register energy-intensive facilities (over 5 toe/year). Installations consuming more than 1, toe/year must conduct energy audits every 6 years, and have to reduce their energy and carbon intensity by 6 percent. The reduction goal for installations consuming between 5 toe/year and 1, toe/year is 4 percent, and audits have to be carried out every 8 years. The facilities concerned must elaborate Plans for the Rationalization of Energy Consumption (PREn) and are subject to financial penalties for non-compliance. These PREn agreements lead to tax exemptions (tax on petroleum and energy products), partial compensation for energy audit costs and 25 percent compensation for investments in energy consumption management and monitoring equipment and systems. Other measures include the promotion of CHP installations or CHP conversion to biomass and natural gas; the creation of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs, which are part of the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN) system); financing of up to 35 percent of energy efficiency through the application of the Incentive System for Innovation; and launching energy efficiency tenders for small and medium enterprises Energy consumption trends: rising CHP generation and gas consumption The energy consumption of the industrial sector grew by an average of 2.9 percent between and and dropped by an average of 1.6 percent/year between and. In industry was hit by the global economic crisis, causing energy consumption in this sector to fall by 7 percent. In industrial energy consumption recovered, although it remains below its pre-crisis level. Figure 7: Trends in industrial energy consumption Mtoe Industrial electricity consumption increased by 47 percent between and and has fallen by 8.6 percent since then; its share in industrial energy consumption grew slightly over the period, from 22 percent to 26 percent. The market shares of oil and coal have fallen sharply, from 38 percent and 14 percent, respectively, in, to 21 percent and 1 percent, respectively, in. Gas is increasingly consumed in the industrial sector (+54 percent between and ) and its share in industrial energy consumption is now 19 percent. The share of biomass is exceptionally high, accounting for 25 percent in. Energy-intensive industries absorb about two thirds of industrial energy consumption. Non-metallic minerals production (mainly cement) is the largest energy-consuming sector (29 percent in ), followed by the paper industry (23 percent in ). The chemical and steel sectors consume 12 percent and 3 percent, respectively, of industrial energy consumption. Portugal Country reports 5

6 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Figure 8: Energy consumption of industry, by source % Biomass Heat Electricity Gas Oil Coal/Lignite 1% Figure 9: Energy consumption of industry, by branch 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Other Paper Non metallic minerals Chemical Steel 3.3. Energy intensity trends: very low energy efficiency improvements Industrial energy intensity (consumption per unit of industrial value added) decreased by just.3 percent/year over the period -. Indeed, the reduction in the energy consumption per ton in the cement sector, which is the largest energy-consuming branch, was insignificant (-.4 percent/year, even stabilizing after ). The paper and steel industries improved their energy efficiency (by 1.4 percent/year and 4.4 percent/year, respectively), but because of their limited shares in industrial energy consumption the impact of those improvements was marginal. Figure 1: Trends in the energy intensity of industrial branches %/year 3.% 2.% 1.%.% -1.% -2.% -3.% -4.% -5.% -6.% -7.% -8.% - - Total* Steel Chemical Cement Paper *Including construction and mining, Odyssee Portugal Country reports 6

7 Combined heat and power generation in industry is very well established in Portugal: in it represented the equivalent of 29 percent of industrial electricity consumption, which is 53 percent higher than the EU average (19 percent). It accounted for just 11 percent in and increased rapidly between and. Figure 11: Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % The energy intensity of the manufacturing industry in Portugal decreased slightly between and (by 1 percent/year). The main reason for that reduction was a change in the structure of industry towards a greater share of the equipment sector in the total value added (about 6 percent of the reduction). The rest of the variation was due to energy efficiency improvements. Figure 12: Trends in the energy intensity of manufacturing and structural effect.% -.2% - -.4% %/year -.6% -.8% -1.% -1.2% Real variation Change at constant structure Structural effect, Odyssee Portugal Country reports 7