5 th Grade Science Vocabulary Unit: Investigations and Safety

Transcription

1 recycle dispose reuse goggles conservation data conclusion predict describe observe record identify investigate evidence analyze descriptive investigation comparative investigation experimental investigation 5 th Grade Science Vocabulary Unit: Investigations and Safety To use again, especially to reprocess To place or set in a particular order; arrange To use again, especially after salvaging or special treatment or processing. A pair of tight-fitting eyeglasses, often tinted or having side shields, worn to protect the eyes from hazards such as wind, glare, water, or flying debris. Preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect Science information The last part To say what you think will happen Saying or drawing what you see, hear, touch, taste or smell To see, hear, touch, taste or smell To write or draw To tell what something is To gather information Information or facts that make you believe something is true To observe something carefully in order to understand it Involves describing and/or quantifying parts of a natural system Involves collecting data on different populations/organisms, or under different conditions (e.g., times of year, locations), to make a comparison. Involves a process in which a fair test is designed in which variables are actively manipulated, controlled, and measured in an effort to gather evidence to support or refute a casual relationship.

2 appearance boiling point Celsius scale conductor dissolve freezing point gas heat insulator liquid magnetism mass matter melting point physical properties physical state (state of matter) relative density (sinking and floating) solid solubility temperature weight dissolve mixture solution solvent solute solubility electricity circuit current open circuit closed circuit conductor insulator Unit: Properties of Matter the outward look of an object: color, shape, size, etc. temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas, 100⁰C for water metric temperature scale, 0 0 C for freezing and C for boiling material that allows energy to flow easily to form a solution with another substance temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid, 0⁰C for water state of matter in which the substance takes both the shape and the volume of its container the energy of moving particles in a substance material that does not allow energy to flow easily state of matter that has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container a force that pulls materials containing iron across a distance amount of matter in an object or substance, measured in grams anything that has mass and takes up space temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid, 0⁰ c for water attributes that can be measured, observed, or changed without turning into a new substance the form that matter can take, such as solid, liquid, or gas the comparison of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance state of matter with a definite volume and shape ability of one substance to dissolve in another how hot or cold something is, measured on a scale such as the Fahrenheit or Celsius scale the measure of the pull of gravity on matter Unit: Mixtures and Solutions the process of evenly mixing a solute in a solvent to form a solution a combination of two or more substances a type of mixture that looks like a single substance and has the same properties throughout; a solution requires that one substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent) a substance that dissolves another to form a solution (ex: water) a substance that is dissolved in another to form a solution (ex: salt) the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance Unit: Electricity the flow of electrical power or charge a path through which electricity can flow the flow of electric charge is a circuit where the path has been interrupted or "opened" at some point so that current will not flow; an open circuit is also called an incomplete circuit is a circuit where the path is complete so that current will flow; a closed circuit is also called a complete circuit a material that allows energy to flow well a material that does not allow energy to flow well

3 Unit: Light light energy form of energy that is visible to the human eye reflect the bouncing back of light when it strikes a surface refract bending the light when it changes speed as it changes mediums transparent allows light to pass through easily translucent review allows light to pass through partially; scatters light opaque does not allow light to pass through light ray beam of light that is moving in a straight line from a source magnify to make something appear larger medium a solid, liquid, or gas that can transmit energy transmit light when light rays passes through matter lens curved, transparent material that refracts light concave lens curved inward, spreads light convex lens curved outward, focuses light Unit: Energy Forms energy the ability to do work energy transformation the process of changing energy from one form to another potential energy energy that is stored kinetic energy energy in use mechanical energy energy of motion or the potential for motion sound energy energy produced by vibrations as they travel through a specific medium vibrate to move back and forth thermal energy heat energy; generated by the constant motion of particles in matter heat transfer the flow of heat energy between substances at different temperatures (conduction, convection, radiation) conduction movement of heat between two objects at different temperatures that are in contact with each other through particle motions from warm to cold convection movement of heat when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas radiation movement of heat that travels in electromagnetic waves in all directions from its source; does not require a medium to flow alternative energy different types of energy that are not generated from fossil fuels, renewable energy sources; natural resource solar energy energy from the Sun wind energy energy generated from the movement of wind hydroelectric energy energy generated by moving water geothermal energy energy that is generated from heat deep in the Earth biofuels energy generated from burning or decaying organic materials (biomass) biomass organic matter used to generate electricity or produce heat force a push or pull on an object friction force caused by objects rubbing together that makes them slow down or stop Unit: Weather weather the way the atmosphere is behaving; in terms of temperature, rainfall and humidity climate the average weather pattern in a place over many years forecast prediction of future weather based on atmosphere the mixture of gases that surround Earth or other objects in the sky; held in place by the gravitational force of the object

4 atmosphere water cycle evaporation condensation precipitation transpiration infiltration percolation runoff accumulation constructive force destructive force weathering erosion deposition canyon delta sand dune sedimentary rocks principal of superposition fossil fuels rotation revolution hemisphere axis season Unit: Water Cycle the mixture of gases that surround Earth or other objects in the sky; held in place by the gravitational force of the object circulation of the Earth s water; driven by energy from the sun liquid water changes to water vapor water vapor cools and changes to liquid water; clouds are formed water falling to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail process of giving off vapor containing water through the leaves of plants water enters the soil the slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium; for example, the passage of rainwater through the soil flow of water from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, over the land runoff from hills and mountains, and higher ground collects into lakes, rivers, and oceans Unit: Changing Earth builds up the Earth s surface breaks down the Earth s surface breaking down of rocks on the Earth s surface by wind, water, ice, and growing plants movement of weathered materials dropping of weathered materials in a new place a long, deep, narrow valley with steep cliff walls, cut into the Earth by running water fan-shaped mass of sediment, especially silt and sand, deposited at the mouth of a river a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans formed when sediment, minerals and organic fragments, is deposited and becomes tightly compacted into layers the youngest layers (formed last) are on the Earth s surface; The oldest layers (formed first) are on the bottom coal, oil and natural gas formed from the accumulated remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years Unit: Earth Space Patterns the spinning of a planet, moon, sun, or other object, around an axis; on Earth this takes approximately 24 hours, the day and night cycle one orbit of an object in space around another object in space divides a sphere in half, for earth: north and south or east and west an imaginary line that passes through Earth s center from the North Pole to the South Pole one of the major divisions of the year, generally based on yearly periodic changes in weather; caused by the tilt of the Earth s axis and its revolution around the sun

5 gravity orbit revolve rotation tilt ecosystem environment organism invasive species survival perish thrive Unit: Earth, Moon, Sun force of attraction between two objects; for example the force that keeps the planets and moon in orbit path that one object in space takes around another object in space movement of an object around another object in space, like Earth s movement around the Sun that takes approximately 365 days, the yearly cycle the spinning of a planet, moon, sun, or other object, around an axis; on Earth this takes approximately 24 hours, the day and night cycle a slant from upright position, for the Earth about 23.5 degrees. Unit: Interactions in Ecosystems living and non living things that interact to provide the basic needs of the organisms that live there everything in a habitat both living and nonliving, including food, air, water, and shelter that affect an organisms development and survival a living thing a new organism introduced in an area that can have a harmful affect on the ecosystem remain alive or in existence, often after facing change, particularly of those organisms best adapted to the environment; a natural process die out grow strongly, healthily

6 carbon dioxide/ oxygen cycle photosynthesis respiration transpiration cycle ecosystem environment food chain food web consumer producer decomposer decomposition organism adaptation inherited trait instinct learned behaviors species trait structure function life cycle metamorphosis complete metamorphosis incomplete metamorphosis offspring reproduce species Unit: Cycles in Ecosystems continual movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen between living things in ecosystems. process by which plants capture light energy from the Sun and use it to manufacture food (sugars) from carbon dioxide and water the process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide process of giving off vapor containing water through the leaves of plants set of events reoccurring in the same repeating sequence living and non living things that interact to provide the basic needs of the organisms that live there everything in a habitat both living and nonliving, including food, air, water, and shelter that affect an organisms development and survival the path of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem; arrows show the flow of energy overlapping food chains with different pathways for the flow of energy in an ecosystem; arrows show the flow of energy organisms that obtain energy from eating producers or other consumers that eat producers organisms that obtain energy using light energy from the Sun to manufacture their own food organisms that obtain energy by breaking down waste or remains of other living things breaking down waste or remains of other living things a living thing Unit: Characteristics of Organisms inherited traits and learned behaviors that help a species meet its needs and survive physical characteristics passed from parents to offspring in plants and animals; includes instinctual behaviors inherited patterns of behaviors that an organism is born with the ability to do something an organism must learn after birth kind, variety, or type of organism characteristic feature or quality of a particular organism or thing part of an organism that has a specific function purpose or role Unit: Life Cycles stages a living organism goes through as it grows, develops, and matures way that insects develop, grow, and change form or structure life cycle with 4 stages and a major change in form: egg, larva, pupa, adult life cycle with 3 stages: egg, nymph, adult; does not go through a major body change new organisms produced by parents make more of their own kind kind, variety, or type of organism