Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan

Transcription

1

2 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan ENTRY One-third of the world's population lives in countries with the tense situation with water. Experts predict that by 2025 this figure will increase to two-thirds. The crisis will trigger the growth of the world population. The UN estimates that by 2030 it will increase from 6 to 8.5 billion people. Who is providing the food of one person having the traditional diet of industrialized countries, is spent annually thousand. Liters of water. If the population will increase by 2.5 billion, then they need to seek additional food 2 thousand. Cu. km of water. In such a severe shortage of fresh water enhanced the importance of alternative technologies replenishment of water resources, including through the desalination of sea water. According to the International Association of desalination is now in 120 countries are about 17,000 plants. If in 2010 the global market for desalination plants was estimated at $ 7.8 billion, by 2016 it is expected to reach 18.3 billion dollars. Desalination stations require a significant consumption of electric energy by means of which and converts salt water into fresh water. Therefore, the project is inherently build solar power for complete independence from the vernal power supplies.

3 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan One of the most promising ways to provide fresh water desalination Turkmenistan is the salt water of the Caspian Sea. The feasibility of the path is confirmed by the fact that the Balkan province has considerable reserves of fuel and mineral resources which require further development, unique climatic conditions, a large number of suitable land for agricultural development. In 2014, the territory of the province produced more than 30% of industrial (1st place) but only 5.2% of the country's agricultural products (5 place among the provinces of). On the Balkan province accounted for 28.5% in Turkmenistan but less than 9% of the population, just over inhabitants (6th place). In addition large areas of arid and low watered the Balkans immediately adjacent to the Caspian shores, or are close to them. Thus, the desalination of sea water can be a valuable source of water for industrial and agricultural development province and freshwater populations that will create conditions for population growth in the region.

4 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan Project to build stations desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan can be considered as a major social and economic projects. Planned that required electricity will be produced at the solar station. Drinking water will be produced at the plant with the latest methods of desalination of sea water using nanotechnology. Based on the Terms of Reference will be calculated cost of the project implementation period and refund. The project has a huge potential for positive environmental change Coastal Environment of the Turkmen sector of the Caspian Sea. It can make it easier and dramatically increase production, to give the required amount of water and to forget its lack, promote afforestation, including fruit trees in arid lands and in the end, for years to turn the Balkan region in the subtropical flowering. As a result, more comfortable living conditions (additional births + migration) in 20 years the population of province could increase by an additional million people.

5 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology TECHNOLOGY seawater desalination Industrial desalination of sea water is one of the following methods: distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ion exchange, and freezing. Consider in more detail the characteristics of each of the technologies. 1. MSF (Multi-Stage Flash Distillation) - a multi-stage instantaneous evaporation (distillation). In this type of plant raw water, before being passed through a special nozzle into big chamber inside heater is pumped at a pressure at which there is no further boiling m. e. the water is in an overheated state. Pressure reduction entails immediate conversion of water into steam. Then desalinated water is passed through another nozzle into the next "instant vaporization chamber" where instantaneous vaporization process continues, and so on to the bottom part of the installation. 2. MD (Membrane Distillation) - membrane distillation. Involves heating of the water on one side of the hydrophobic membrane. The membrane passes only vapor which is cooled on the other side, forming a fresh water, but not water tight. 3. MED (Multi-Effect Distillation) - multicolumn distillation method. Seawater is heated in the first column, and the resulting vapor is heated for subsequent columns. 4. MVC (Mechanical Vapour Compression) - mechanical vapor compression. Is to compress the vapor produced by a conventional distillation step before it condenses. Effect vapor compression involves heating it to a temperature above the boiling point at the feed desalination (from which it was received). The pressurized steam may be returned to the same a distillation chamber from which it was isolated and used to replace the primary vapor. The cycle is repeated continuously. Using pressurized steam to reduce the energy consumption of the process, but prevents processing large volumes of water.

6 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology 5. FP (Freezing Process) - freezing method. Sea water is cooled to the crystallization of moisture. The resulting crystals were isolated and dissolved to obtain fresh water. 6. RO (Reverse Osmosis) - reverse osmosis. Involves the use of a semipermeable membrane permeable pressurized water molecules and detain impurities. 7. ED (Electrodialysis) - electrodialysis. Requires two membranes: one allows only cation, the second - only the anion. Included between the DC voltage that allows to remove, for example, sodium, and chlorine anion from seawater.? According to our experts, each of the designated technology has its advantages but also significant drawbacks, which include: heavy deposits on heat exchange surfaces, membranes, etc. high specific energy consumption the large number of replacement materials, components, additional chemical consumption the need for highly skilled staff. In this regard, the question remains of application development more efficient and environmentally friendly methods of desalination of sea water. The most popular on the market reverse osmosis technology is a basic in our proposed project.

7 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology Based on the analysis of the current world situation, seawater desalination, according to the identified benefits and technology proposed for the plant desalination and purification of sea water compatible with solar power on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan on the basis of membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology. According to preliminary calculations, the cost of all facilities within the complex may be from 9.3 to 9.5 billion US dollars. Project implementation period years with a phased launch of production.

8 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology Before starting work on the construction of the desalination plant is necessary to make preliminary geological, hydrogeological and environmental studies of existing geological data, to make the field work to determine the location of the object. This is seen as a primary step for the preparation and conclusion of contracts for the execution of the Project. Preparing for exploration work carried out on the basis of existing seismic and other geological data. Processing of the data and further implementation of geological prospecting work carried out by the Research Centre (SRC) "Georesurs", which has extensive experience in similar geological work in various countries, highly qualified specialists and the necessary equipment. Provides for the use of the experience of existing institutions in Turkmenistan (Research Institute of Geological State Corporation "Turkmengeologiya" and other relevant organizations). The results of the NRC "Georesurs" technical and economic calculations and analysis is planned to determine the location of the station construction of desalination, solar power, place the seawater intake, place of manufacture, composition of objects. The most important indicator will be a survey of the presence or absence of oil and gas deposits beneath the plant site. The entire period of the project and other exploration and survey work on land and sea, to determine the basic parameters of the station construction provides 4-6 months.

9 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology

10 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology

11 Membrane desalination systems using the latest advances in nanotechnology

12 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan Options for co-location of stations desalination, solar power and of farm production

13 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan Options for co-location of stations desalination, solar power and of farm production

14 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan Options for co-location of stations desalination, solar power and of farm production

15 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan On the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan, thanks Stations desalination, solar stations, the network arrangement of fresh water throughout the province and the new of farm businesses is possible to create a unique oasis off the coast of the sea, in the semi-desert areas and throughout the Balkan velayat. It is too difficult to implement, that it does not do. Water and energy must turn surrounds the city of Turkmenbashi and Resort Avaz desert, and eventually the entire Balkan province of desert areas in the food source, a sharp rise in agriculture and comfortable place for human habitation. Implementation of this project will not have a significant negative impact on the environment and socio-economic environment, but will provide overall moderate positive impact. Technical solutions that will be provided in the project, ensuring environmental safety, will take into account all possible emergencies in the construction and operation of facilities. All generated waste will be temporarily stored on the premises in designated areas and then transported to specialized companies under contracts for their further processing, recycling or disposal. Subject to approved waste management system impact on the environment will be minimal

16 Station desalination and purification of sea water on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan International Finance & Development Corporation You can write and call directly: Author the Project: Cherkashyn Anatoliy is Director, Head of Projects of International Finance & Development Corp. Chairman of the Board of Directors Research center Georesources tel: