Protecting Utah s Water Resources. Nutrient Issues

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1 Protecting Utah s Water Resources Nutrient Issues

2 Nutrient Issues Questions What are they? Why are they important? Nationally Locally What are the impact on my community Costs Timing

3 What are Nutrients? Chemical elements/compounds needed by organisms to survive, grow, and reproduce. Carbon 25-40% dry weight found in everything natural fixation decomposition Nitrogen 1-5% dry weight found in proteins nitrate (NO 3- ) ammonium (NH 4+ ) natural fixation decomposition Phosphorus 0.1-1% dry weight found in lipids, DNA phosphate (PO 3-4 ) mineral weathering decomposition Measured ratio of C:N:P can indicate organisms needs (106:16:1) Slide courtesy Dr. Michelle A. Baker - USU

4 Where are Most of the Nutrients? Nitrogen Phosphorus Atmosphere 79.6% % Lithosphere 20.4% 7.3% Soils 0.006% 61.1% Ocean (dissolved) 0.002% 30.5% Terrestrial biomass % 0.032% Ocean biomass % 0.99% data from Schlesinger 1997 Key point: Most are NOT biologically available Slide courtesy Dr. Michelle A. Baker - USU

5 Nutrients of Concern Nitrogen & Phosphorus

6 Green Lawns - OK!

7 Green Lakes NO WAY!

8 Impacted waters A National Issue Fisheries Recreation Drinking Water Supply

9 Impacts of Decaying Plant and Algal Matter on Dissolved Oxygen Algal growth stimulated by Nitrogen/Phosphorus High DO during day Dead algae falls to bottom Low DO (Hypoxia) Decaying matter depletes dissolved oxygen near bottom of water body

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17 Numeric Standards State by State National Trends

18 Numeric Standards

19 States in 1998

20 States in 2008

21 But That Won t Apply in Utah

22 Utah Standards Standards for Ammonia ph Dependent for Fisheries Pollution Indicators BOD 5 Nitrate as N 4 Total Phosphorus as P 0.05 Investigations should be conducted to develop more information where these pollution indicator levels are exceeded. Total Phosphorus as P indicator for lakes and reservoirs shall be

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24 Montana Criteria

25 Utah Permits EAST CANYON CREEK WRF Current Permit Issued April 30,2007 Parameter Max Monthly Max Weekly Max Daily Yearly Total 90-day Mean CBOD Ammonia Spring Summer Fall Winter Total Phosphorus Summer 0.1 Yearly 1492

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28 Utah s Puzzle

29 DWQ State Study Last year through the engineering firm CH 2 M Hill DWQ begin evaluating the economic impacts of establishing state-wide discharge standards for nitrogen and phosphorus. In partnership with existing facilities, costs estimates were developed for implementing nutrient removal at differing levels

30 Basis of State Study Four Effluent Scenarios Total Phosphorus Only Total Phosphorus & Total Nitrogen 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm & 20 ppm 0.1 ppm 0.1 ppm & 10 ppm

31 Utah s 30 Mechanical Plants

32 Results Statewide of the Study Four Effluent Scenarios 30 Mechanical Plants Costs Total Phosphorus Only Total Phosphorus & Total Nitrogen 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm & 20 ppm Capital 23.7 M M O&M 4.5 M / year 4.7 M / year Rate $ 1.19 / month $ 2.99 / month

33 Results Statewide of the Study Four Effluent Scenarios 30 Mechanical Plants Costs Total Phosphorus Only Total Phosphorus & Total Nitrogen 0.1 ppm 0.1 ppm & 10 ppm Capital M 1,040.1 M O&M 4.8 M 5.0 M Rate $ / month $ / month

34 So What Could this Mean to? Salt Lake County

35 (d) Report to Congress

36 (d) Report to Congress Watershed Assessment Assessment Beneficial Beneficial Management Unit Unit Use Use Stream Unit Name Name Class Support Pollutant Miles Jordan River/ Utah Lake Jordan River-1 Jordan River from Farmington Bay upstream contiguous with the Davis County line. 3B NS Dissolved Oxygen 7.6 Jordan River/ Utah Lake Jordan River-2 Jordan River from Davis County line upstream to North Temple Street. 3B NS Dissolved Oxygen 4.46 Jordan River/ Utah Lake Jordan River-3 Jordan River from North Temple to 2100 S 2B NS Dissolved Oxygen 4.2 Jordan River/ Utah Lake Jordan River-3 Jordan River from North Temple to 2100 S 3B NS Total Phosphorus 4.2

37 Salt Lake City Magna Central Valley South Valley Jordan Basin

38 Four Effluent Scenarios Salt Lake County Plants (4) 4 plants currently operating 1 under construction Central Valley WRF South Valley WRF Salt Lake City WRF Jordan Basin WRF Magna WID - 75 MGD - 58 MGD - 56 MGD - 15 MGD MGD 210 MGD

39 Four Effluent Scenarios Salt Lake County Plants (4) Phosphorus = 1 mg/l Reduce Phosphorus Load by 1.42 tons per day Reduce Nitrogen Load by 0 tons per day Capital Costs $6.40 M Additional Annual O&M Costs $1.05 M Increase Cost per ERU $0.38 per month ($1.99)

40 Four Effluent Scenarios Salt Lake County Plants (4) Phosphorus = 1 mg/l, Nitrogen = 20 mg/l Reduce Phosphorus Load by 1.42 tons per day Reduce Nitrogen Load by 4.14 tons per day Capital Costs $56.42 M Additional Annual O&M Costs $1.58 M Increase Cost per ERU $1.48 per month ($2.99)

41 Four Effluent Scenarios Salt Lake County Plants (4) Phosphorus = 0.1 mg/l Reduce Phosphorus Load by 1.99 tons per day Reduce Nitrogen Load by 0 tons per day Capital Costs $ M Additional Annual O&M Costs $5.70 M Increase Cost per ERU $7.16 per month ($11.08)

42 Four Effluent Scenarios Salt Lake County Plants (4) Phosphorus = 0.1 mg/l, Nitrogen = 10 mg/l Reduce Phosphorus Load by 1.99 tons per day Reduce Nitrogen Load by 10.41tons per day Capital Costs $ M Additional Annual O&M Costs $7.15 M Increase Cost per ERU $9.16 per month ($13.58)

43 Questions?

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