United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA)

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1 Green Industries, Sustainable Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Consumption and Production and dg Green Economy By: Fareed I. Bushehri The Role of Green Industries in Promoting Socio-Economic i Development in the Arab Countries 28 th 29 th September 2011, Beirut, Lebanon United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

2 UNEP IN THE REGIONS Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme UNEP is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya and has 6 Regional Offices The Regional Office for West Asia has 12 member states: Bahrain Palestine Iraq Qatar Jordan Saudi Arabia Kuwait Syria Lebanon U.A.E. Oman Yemen

3 UNEP PROGRAMME AREAS Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Focus is on 6 Sub-Programmatic Themes:- 1. Climate Change 2. Disasters and Conflicts 3. Ecosystem Management 4. Environmental Governance 5. Harmful Substances and Hazardous Wastes 6. Resource Efficiency

4 RESOURCE EFFICIENCY Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Encouraging Sustainable Consumption and Production through capacity building in Cleaner Production, Responsible Production and focusing on consumption patterns, including YouthXchange and sustainable and eco-tourism Addressing the water footprint in the region Sustainable Building and Construction, including energy efficiency Network and Support for National Cleaner Production Centres (RECP) Sustainable and Eco-tourism Green Economy

5 Rio Declaration 1992 The major cause of the continued deterioration of the global environment is the unsustainable patterns of consumption and production, particularly in industrialised countries, which is a matter of grave concern, aggravating poverty and imbalances. Agenda 21 (chapter 4.3) Earth Summit, Rio 1992

6 World Summit for Sustainable Development 2002: Key Concepts Fundamental changes in the way societies produce and consume are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development. All countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with the developed d countries taking the lead and with all countries benefiting from the process... apply science-based approaches, such as life-cycle analysis... Ch. 3 of plan of implementation from WSSD

7 Defining a Green Economy Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme A green economy can be defined as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. Practically speaking, a green economy is one whose growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. These investments need to be catalyzed and supported by targeted public expenditure, policy reforms and regulation changes.

8 Green Economy and Sustainable Consumption and Production? Green economy and sustainable consumption and production represent two sides of the same coin. They both share the same objective of fostering sustainable development, covering macro to micro-economic dimensions of public policy and regulation, business operations and social behaviour. Sustainable consumption and production is primarily focused on increasing resource efficiency in production processes and consumption patterns. Complementing this, green economy activities consider macro-economic trends and regulatory instruments governments can pursue through economic and other policies to promote economic growth and job creation that meets the criteria of being green and decent. Both are currently high on the international agenda. The 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (the 10 YFP) is one of the key themes of the Commission on Sustainable Development s (CSD) agenda, developed as a consequence of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002). Constructing a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication is one of the two central themes of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) that will take place in 2012

9 Rationale for SCP in the Arab Region Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Rising demand for energy, water and other resources in the Arab world. Economic vulnerability (fluctuations in international prices) of some Arab economies due to high dependency on natural resources. Energy intensive Production patterns in some countries (Power plants, desalination,,p petrochemical, aluminum and fertilizer plants) are the major sources of air pollution and GHG emissions. Growing Cars ownership is the primary sources of CO 2 and other air pollutants in some countries.

10 Rationale for SCP in the Arab Region Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Arab countries are among the most water- stressed regions Some rank among the highest per capita water users in the world Increased waste generation due to rapid urbanization, rapid industrialization, inadequate waste management and lifestyle changes National Cleaner Production Centers started to emerge in the region

11 Products are the key 93% of the materials used in production do not end up in the products sold 80% of the products sold are thrown out after one use 99% of the material used in poduction or contained in the products is thrown out after the first 6 weeks

12 How we consume? Product use, disposal Changes in choices and infrastructure that will satisfy consumer demand more sustainably What we consume? Consumer choice (individual, industry and government) examine underlying drivers for consumption; improve products and services -> business modernize infrastructure and policy frameworks -> governments awareness, dialogue and reflection -> consumer groups New stakeholders - new messages

13 Changing g production and consumption patterns Objectives: Improvement of efficiency in production and consumption of products Improvement off effectiveness in producing and consuming enough and the right type (socially economically and environmentally friendly) of products and services s

14 Changing production and consumption patterns Focus areas and approaches: 1. Greater resource-use efficiency: efficiencies continue to be low growing trend that primary production of material goods takes place in developing countries How? Cleaner Production, eco-efficiency Who? Industry, government, service providers, educators, consultants

15 Changing production and consumption patterns Focus areas and approaches: 2. More rational consumption of products and services Deals with level of consumption - both under and over consumption Over consumption - greater flow in materials and energy Under consumption - exploitation of resources How? Consumer information, choice Who? Government, industry, civil society

16 Changing g production and consumption patterns Focus areas and approaches: 3. Greater effectiveness of products and services look at entire life cycle of product - including use and disposal How? Eco-design, PSS, LCA, DfE Who? Industry, government, civil society, educators

17 Changing production and consumption patterns Focus areas and approaches: 4. More effective consumption of products and service increasing efficiency of materials and energy consumption during use increasing i productivity it of products and services increasing satisfaction levels increasing ng the functions that a product may offer How? Consumer awareness, advertising, marketing Who? Industry, government, civil society

18 What tools and strategies are available? Life Cycle Assessment Eco-design- design for the environment Product service systems Eco-labeling li Sustainable procurement

19 Landfill Regulations Ban on Hazardous substance disposal Regulations on Waste Treatment Integrated Waste Management Deposit-Refund System Volume/Weight- based waste charges Recycling Targets Disposal Education, Campaigns, Awareness Raising on Sustainable Consumption & Sustainable Lifestyles Re-use & Recycling Use LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM Eco-Design Design for Recycling Design for Green Marketing Energy Standards Product Development Distribution (Packaging)/ Sale Eco-labelling Product Taxes Energy Efficiency labelling Product Certification (Organic agriculture, Fair Trade, FSC, MSC) Green Marketing/Responsible Advertising Sustainable Public Procurement Systemic (Whole Life Cycle) Interventions Ecological Fiscal (Tax) Reform Product Stewardship Programme Product Liability Extended Producer Responsibility Raw Material Production /Extraction Manufacturing Cleaner& Safer Production Resource Taxes Eliminating harmful subsidies (e.g. energy) Commodity labelling (eg MSC, FSC) Cleaner& Safer Production Environmental Management system (EMS) CSR/ Codes of Conducts Emission Standards Emission/Effluent Charges Emission Trading

20 Energy for Sustainable Development Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme The Arab energy sector has played and will continue to play an important role in the region and globally. Oil revenue is the main driver for economic development in most of the Arab countries The Arab economies are heavily dependent on oil and gas to meet their domestic energy demand. d The region enjoys good potential of renewable energy resources which have been not fully utilised yet.

21 Water Resources Management Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Water scarcity is one of the major development challenges in the Arab region The region accounts for about 3% of the world s population, 10% of its land, but only 1.2% of the renewable water resources. The most 10 water stressed countries in the world are Arab countries About 50 million Arab people lack access to safe drinking water About 80 million people lack access to safe sanitation Water pollution represent a serious threat to human health and further aggravate water scarcity Water use efficiency barely exceeds 40 percent in most of the Arab countries

22 Waste Management Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Drivers of increase in solid waste generation are: Population growth Economic growth Accelerated rate of urbanization Rapid idindustrial i ldevelopment Rising standards of living, and Changing consumption patterns Nearly 80% of the total municipal solid wastes in the region are decomposable and recyclable. Rate of collected wastes does not exceed 50 % in many countries especially in remote and rural areas

23 Consumption patterns and Lifestyle Un nited Nat tions Env vironme ent Progr ramme Drivers for changing consumption patterns in the region: Economic growth Urbanisation Technological advancements Cultural and social factors Indicators of change: Increasing number of cars More frequent leisure and business trips Growing ownerships of household appliances and communication gadgets (mobile phones, audio-video equipment) Increasing consumption of water, electricity, and fuels Growing rates of waste generation

24 Future directions... Meeting human needs by providing functions such as food, clothing, shelter, mobility, health, education, safety, leisure, communication through optimized production and consumption systems that are contained within the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. Factor 4: Doubling Wealth - Halving Resource Use von Weizsacker, E.; Lovins, A.B.; Lovins, L.H.

25 Un nited Nattions Env vironme ent Progrramme CONCLUSIONS UNEP works towards it mission with all stakeholders and in all regions of the world UNEP has a range of expertise within the West Asia region g UNEP is working at the regional and co ntr le country level el to impro improve e en environmental ironmental management, awareness and understanding for us and our children to enjoy j a safe f healthy h lth environment i t iin th the future. THANK YOU

26 UNEP/ROWA, P.O. Box 10880, Manama, Bahrain. Tel: Web: Thank You

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