Evaluation of noise impacts associated with a proposed commercial retail project typically includes the following:

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1 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT 4.10 NOISE This section analyzes the potential noise impacts associated with construction and operation of the California State University Long Beach (CSULB) Foundation Retail Project (proposed Project). The analysis in this section is based on information provided in the Noise Impact Analysis for the proposed Project (LSA Associates Inc. [LSA], September 2013). The Noise Impact Analysis is contained in Appendix I. Scoping Process The City of Long Beach (City) received nine comment letters in response the Notice of Preparation (NOP) during the public review period (refer Appendix A for copies of these comment letters as well as the NOP and Initial Study [IS]) prepared for the proposed Project. One letter included comments related noise. The letter from the Century Villages at Cabrillo (CVC) (May 10, 2013) recommended that the Lead Agency determine the proposed Project s contribution increased noise levels associated with increased traffic generation during daytime and nighttime hours. The CVC also requested that the Lead Agency recommend sufficient mitigation reduce Project-related noise impacts on sensitive receprs near the Project site. The IS/NOP prepared for the proposed Project identified potential impacts related four of the six criteria for determining significance related noise impacts. Specifically, the IS/NOP identified the potential for the proposed Project result in significant adverse impacts from the exposure of persons excessive noise levels in conflict with established noise standards, excessive groundborne vibration levels, and a substantial temporary, periodic, or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the Project vicinity. Since there are no public or private airstrips within the vicinity of the Project site, the IS/NOP determined that the proposed Project would not expose people in the Project area excessive airport noise. Therefore, impacts related public and private airports will not be evaluated further in this EIR. Refer Appendix A, IS/NOP, for additional discussion of the scoping process for noise Methodology Evaluation of noise impacts associated with a proposed commercial retail project typically includes the following: Determination of the short-term construction noise impacts on off-site noise-sensitive uses. Determination of the long-term noise impacts, including vehicular traffic, on on-site and off-site noise-sensitive uses. Determination of the required mitigation measures reduce long-term noise impacts associated with the on-site noise sources. Characteristics of Sound. Sound is increasing such disagreeable levels in our environment that it can threaten our quality of life. Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound. Noise consists of any sound that may produce physiological or psychological damage and/or interfere with communication, work, rest, recreation, and sleep. To the human ear, sound has two significant characteristics: pitch P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 and loudness. Pitch is generally an annoyance, while loudness can affect our ability hear. Pitch is the number of complete vibrations or cycles per second of a wave that result in the ne s range from high low. Loudness is the strength of a sound that describes a noisy or quiet environment and is measured by the amplitude of the sound wave. Loudness is determined by the intensity of the sound waves combined with the reception characteristics of the human ear. Sound intensity refers how hard the sound wave strikes an object, which, in turn, produces the sound s effect. This characteristic of sound can be precisely measured with instruments. The analysis of a project defines the noise environment of the project area in terms of sound intensity and its effect on adjacent sensitive land uses. Measurement of Sound. Sound intensity is measured through the A-weighted decibel (dba) scale correct for the relative frequency response of the human ear. That is, an A-weighted noise level deemphasizes low and very high frequencies of sound similar the human ear s de-emphasis of these frequencies. Unlike linear units such as inches or pounds, decibels (db) are measured on a logarithmic scale, representing points on a sharply rising curve. For example, 10 db are 10 times more intense than 1 db, 20 db are 100 times more intense, and 30 db are 1,000 times more intense. Thirty db represent 1,000 times as much acoustic energy as 1 db. A sound as soft as human breathing is about 10 times greater than 0 db. The decibel system of measuring sound gives a rough connection between the physical intensity of sound and its perceived loudness the human ear. A 10 db increase in sound level is perceived by the human ear as only a doubling of the loudness of the sound. Ambient sounds generally range from 30 dba (very quiet) 100 dba (very loud). Sound levels are generated from a source, and their decibel level decreases as the distance from that source increases. Sound dissipates exponentially with distance from the noise source. For a single point source, sound levels decrease approximately 6 db for each doubling of distance from the source. This drop-off rate is appropriate for noise generated by stationary equipment. If noise is produced by a line source such as highway traffic or railroad operations, the sound decreases 3 db for each doubling of distance in a hard site environment. Line source noise in a relatively flat environment with absorptive vegetation decreases 4.5 db for each doubling of distance. There are many ways rate noise for various time periods, but an appropriate rating of ambient noise affecting humans also accounts for the annoying effects of sound. However, the predominant rating scales for human communities in the State of California are the Equivalent-Continuous sound level (L eq ) and the Community Noise Equivalent (CNEL) based on dba. L eq is the tal sound energy of time-varying noise over a sample period. CNEL is the time-varying noise over a 24-hour period, with a weighting facr of 5 dba applied the hourly L eq for noises occurring from 7:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m. (defined as relaxation hours) and with a weighting facr of 10 dba from 10:00 p.m. 7:00 a.m. (defined as sleeping hours). The noise adjustments are added the noise events occurring during the more sensitive hours. Day-night average noise (L dn ) is similar the CNEL but without the adjustment for nighttime noise events. CNEL and L dn are normally exchangeable and within 1 db of each other. Other noise-rating scales of importance when assessing annoyance facrs include the maximum noise level, or L max, and percentile noise exceedance levels, or L N. L max is the highest exponential time-averaged sound level that occurs during a stated time period. It reflects peak operating conditions and addresses the annoying aspects of intermittent noise. L N is the noise level that is exceeded N percent of the time during a specified time period. For example, the L 10 noise level represents the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time during a stated period. The L 50 noise P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

3 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT level represents the median noise level; in other words, half the time, the noise level exceeds this level, and half the time, it is less than this level. The L 90 noise level represents the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time and is considered the lowest noise level experienced during a moniring period. It is normally referred as the background noise level. Physiological Effects of Noise. Physical damage human hearing begins at prolonged exposure noise levels higher than 85 dba. Exposure high noise levels affects our entire systems, with prolonged noise exposure in excess of 75 dba increasing body tensions and thereby affecting blood pressure, functions of the heart, and the nervous system. In comparison, extended periods of noise exposure above 90 dba would result in permanent cell damage. When the noise level reaches 120 dba, a tickling sensation occurs in the human ear even with short-term exposure. This level of noise is called the threshold of feeling. As the sound reaches 140 dba, the tickling sensation is replaced by the feeling of pain in the ear. This is called the threshold of pain. Dizziness and loss of equilibrium may occur between 160 and 165 dba. The ambient or background noise problem is widespread and generally more concentrated in urban areas than in outlying less-developed areas. Vibration. Vibration refers groundborne noise and perceptible motion. Groundborne vibration is almost exclusively a concern inside buildings and is rarely perceived as a problem outdoors, where the motion may be discernible, but without the effects associated with the shaking of a building, there is less of an adverse reaction. Vibration energy propagates from a source through intervening soil and rock layers, the foundations of nearby buildings. The vibration then propagates from the foundation throughout the remainder of the structure. Building vibration may be perceived by the occupants as motion of building surfaces, rattling of items on shelves or hanging on walls, or as a low-frequency rumbling noise. The rumble noise is caused by the vibrating walls, floors, and ceilings radiating sound waves. Annoyance from vibration often occurs when the vibration exceeds the threshold of perception by 10 db or less. This is an order of magnitude below the damage threshold for normal buildings. Typical sources of groundborne vibration are construction activities (e.g., blasting, pile driving, and operating heavy-duty earth-moving equipment), steel-wheeled trains, and occasional traffic on rough roads. Problems with groundborne vibration and noise from these sources are usually localized areas within about 100 feet from the vibration source, although there are examples of groundborne vibration causing interference out distances greater than 200 ft (Federal Transit Administration [FTA] 2006). When roadways are smooth, vibration from traffic, even heavy trucks, is rarely perceptible. It is assumed for most projects that the roadway surface will be smooth enough that groundborne vibration from street traffic will not exceed the impact criteria; however, construction of a project could result in groundborne vibration that could be perceptible and annoying. Groundborne noise is not likely be a problem because noise arriving via the normal airborne path usually will be greater than groundborne noise. Groundborne vibration has the potential disturb people as well as damage buildings. It is not uncommon for construction processes such as blasting and pile driving cause vibration of sufficient amplitudes damage nearby buildings (FTA 2006). Groundborne vibration is usually measured in terms of vibration velocity, either the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity or the peak particle velocity (PPV). RMS is best for characterizing human response building vibration and PPV is used P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 characterize potential for damage. Ground vibrations from construction activities do not often reach the levels that can damage structures, but they can achieve the audible and sensate ranges in buildings very close the site. Problems with groundborne vibration from construction sources are usually localized areas within approximately 100 ft from the vibration source. Facrs that influence groundborne vibration and noise include the following: Vibration Source: Vehicle suspension, wheel types and condition, track/roadway surface, track support system, speed, transit structure, and depth of vibration source Vibration Path: Soil type, rock layers, soil layering, depth water table, and frost depth Vibration Receiver: Foundation type, building construction, and acoustical absorption Among the facrs listed above, there are significant differences in the vibration characteristics when the source is underground compared at the ground surface. In addition, soil conditions are known have a strong influence on the levels of groundborne vibration. Among the most important facrs are the stiffness and internal damping of the soil and the depth bedrock. Table 4.10.A illustrates human response various vibration levels, as described in the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). Table 4.10.A: Human Response Different Levels of Groundborne Noise and Vibration Vibration Velocity Level Noise Level Low Frequency 1 Mid Frequency 2 Human Response 65 VdB 25 dba 40 dba Approximate threshold of perception for many humans. Lowfrequency sound usually inaudible; mid-frequency sound excessive for quiet sleeping areas. 75 VdB 35 dba 50 dba Approximate dividing line between barely perceptible and distinctly perceptible. Many people find transit vibration at this level unacceptable. Low-frequency noise acceptable for sleeping areas; mid-frequency noise annoying in most quiet occupied areas. 85 VdB 45 dba 60 dba Vibration acceptable only if there are an infrequent number of events per day. Low-frequency noise unacceptable for sleeping areas; mid-frequency noise unacceptable even for infrequent events with institutional land uses such as schools and churches. Source: Federal Transit Administration (2006). 1 Approximate noise level when vibration spectrum peak is near 30 Hz. 2 Approximate noise level when vibration spectrum peak is near 60 Hz. dba = A-weighted decibels VdB = velocity in decibels Hz = hertz Existing Environmental Setting The Existing Project Site. The Project site is approximately 9.88 acres (ac) and is currently developed with two existing buildings and three carports taling approximately 21,000 square feet (sf). The existing Technology Place, a private street that provides access Technology Park, including the Project site, is aligned diagonally through the site from the west side of the site the P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

5 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT northeast. The existing buildings are located southeast of Technology Place. Approximately 9,000 sf of the existing buildings have been converted office space. The proposed Project includes the demolition of the existing buildings and carports on the Project site and the construction of a new single-sry building for retail use that would be up 122,500 sf in size and would include a maximum of 490 parking spaces. The proposed retail building would be located on the north half of the Project site, with parking surrounding the building on the east, south, and west sides. A loading dock would be located at the rear of the proposed retail building, near the proposed shared shipping and receiving area. The proposed Project would include a 10 ft high barrier wall visually screen the loading area. A new 8 ft high masonry wall that would run along a western and northern boundary of the site is also included as part of the proposed Project. Land Uses in the Project Vicinity. Land uses in the vicinity of the Project site include a McDonald s restaurant and the Long Beach Police Department West Substation the east, industrial uses south of Pacific Coast Highway (PCH), Technology Park the west, the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north, and the CVC the northwest. The CVC center is a 27 ac residential community providing transitional housing for homeless veterans, families, and youth. Sensitive Land Uses in the Project Vicinity. Certain land uses are considered more sensitive noise than others. Examples of these include residential areas, educational facilities, hospitals, childcare facilities, and senior housing. The closest off-site sensitive land use the Project site is the CVC (a residential community providing transitional housing for homeless veterans, families, and youth) the northwest at a distance of approximately 500 ft from the Project boundary. The Long Beach Job Corps Center is located directly north of the Project site. The Job Center includes on-site housing located at a distance of approximately 65 ft from the Project boundary. Overview of the Existing Noise Environment. As previously stated, the Project site is largely undeveloped, with the exception of two existing office buildings and three carports on the southern portion of the site. The primary existing noise sources in the Project area are transportation facilities. Traffic on PCH and Santa Fe is the dominant source contributing area ambient noise levels at the residences the west. Noise from mor vehicles is generated by engine vibrations, the interaction between the tires and the road, and the exhaust system. Noise levels on and in the vicinity of the Project site will change as a result of the proposed Project. Potential noise impacts associated with the Project include road noise due increases in vehicular traffic and construction noise. Tables 4.10.B and 4.10.C provide the traffic noise levels along the roadways adjacent the Project site under the existing conditions. These noise levels are representative of the worse-case scenario, which assumes no shielding exists between the traffic and the locations from which the noise conurs are drawn. Traffic Noise along these road segments ranges from moderate high. During the weekdays, for Santa Fe and portions of PCH, the 70 dba CNEL traffic noise conur is confined within the rights-of-way of these roads. On Santa Fe, between PCH and Anaheim Street, the 65 dba CNEL noise conur is also contained within the road right-of-way. On Saturdays, for PCH and Santa Fe (with the exception of PCH between O Street and Judson ), the 70 dba CNEL noise conur is within the roadway rights-of-way. For portions of Santa Fe, the 65 dba CNEL noise conur is also within the roadway rights-of-way. P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 Table 4.10.B: Existing Weekday Traffic Noise Levels Centerline 70 CNEL Centerline 65 CNEL Centerline 60 CNEL CNEL (dba) 50 ft from Outermost Lane Roadway Segment ADT PCH between O Street and Judson 23, PCH between Judson and Hayes 22,900 < PCH between Hayes and Seabright 23,400 < PCH between Seabright and Cota 23, PCH between Cota and Santa Fe 23, PCH between Santa Fe and Canal 24, PCH between Canal and Caspian 25, PCH between Caspian and Harbor 25, PCH between Harbor Boulevard and Magnolia 28, Santa Fe between Wardlow Road and Willow 17,700 < Street Santa Fe between Willow Street and 19 th Street 11,800 < Santa Fe between 19 th Street and PCH 10,400 < Santa Fe between PCH and Anaheim Street 8,300 < 50 < Source: Noise Impact Analysis, LSA Associates, Inc. (Ocber 2013). < 50 = Traffic noise within 50 feet of roadway centerline requires site-specific analysis. ADT = Average Daily Traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level dba = A-weighted decibel ft = foot/feet PCH = Pacific Coast Highway Table 4.10.C: Existing Saturday Traffic Noise Levels Centerline 70 CNEL Centerline 65 CNEL Centerline 60 CNEL CNEL (dba) 50 ft from Outermost Lane Roadway Segment ADT PCH between O Street and Judson 17, PCH between Judson and Hayes 18,100 < PCH between Hayes and Seabright 18,500 < PCH between Seabright and Cota 18,800 < PCH between Cota and Santa Fe 19,000 < PCH between Santa Fe and Canal 20,000 < PCH between Canal and Caspian 20,900 < PCH between Caspian and Harbor 20,600 < PCH between Harbor Boulevard and Magnolia 20,500 < Santa Fe between Wardlow Road and Willow 12,600 < Street Santa Fe between Willow Street and 19 th Street 9,700 < 50 < Santa Fe between 19 th Street and PCH 7,200 < 50 < Santa Fe between PCH and Anaheim Street 5,500 < 50 < Source: Noise Impact Analysis, LSA Associates, Inc. (Ocber 2013). < 50 = Traffic noise within 50 ft of roadway centerline requires site-specific analysis. ADT = Average Daily Traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level dba = A-weighted decibel ft = foot/feet PCH = Pacific Coast Highway P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

7 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Regulary Setting Federal Regulations and Policies. Federal Transit Administration. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) establishes acceptable levels of groundborne vibration for building types that are sensitive vibration. These levels are based on the maximum levels for a single event. Additionally, in the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA, May 2006), the FTA provided groundborne vibration and noise impact criteria guidance. The criteria established by the FTA account for variation in project types, as well as the frequency of events, which differ widely among projects. Although the criteria are provided for community response groundborne vibration from rapid rail transit systems, they also provide good guidelines for human response vibration in general. Table 4.10.D lists the groundborne vibration and noise impact criteria for human annoyance. Table 4.10.D: Groundborne Vibration and Noise Impact Criteria Groundborne Vibration Impact Levels (VdB re 1 micro inch/sec) Groundborne Noise Impact Levels (db re 20 micro Pascals) Land Use Category Frequent 1 Events Infrequent 2 Events Frequent 1 Events Infrequent 2 Events Category 1: Buildings where low ambient 65 VdB 3 65 VdB 3 B 4 B 4 vibration is essential for interior operations. Category 2: Residences and buildings where 72 VdB 80 VdB 35 dba 43 dba people normally sleep. Category 3: Institutional land uses with 75 VdB 83 VdB 40 dba 48 dba primarily daytime use. Source: Federal Transit Administration (2006). 1 Frequent Events are defined as more than 70 events per day. 2 Infrequent Events are defined as fewer than 70 events per day. 3 This criterion limit is based on levels that are acceptable for most moderately sensitive equipment, such as optical microscopes. Vibration-sensitive manufacturing or research will require detailed evaluation define the acceptable vibration levels. Ensuring lower vibration levels in a building often requires special design of the HVAC systems and stiffened floors. 4 Vibration-sensitive equipment is not sensitive groundborne noise. db = decibels dba = A-weighted decibels HVAC = heating, ventilation, and air conditioning inch/sec = inches per second VdB = vibration velocity decibel Based on the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA, May 2006), the potential construction vibration damage criteria vary. For example, as shown in Table 4.10.E, for a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up 102 velocity decibels (VdB) (equivalent 0.5 inch per second [inch/sec] in RMS) (FTA, May 2006) is considered safe and would not result in any construction vibration damage. For a non-engineered timber and masonry building, the construction vibration damage criterion is 94 VdB (0.2 in/sec in RMS). No thresholds have been adopted or recommended for commercial and office uses. P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 Table 4.10.E: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria Building Category PPV (inch/sec) Approximate Lv 1 Reinforced-concrete, steel or timber (no plaster) Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster) Non-engineered timber and masonry buildings Buildings extremely susceptible vibration damage Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (May 2006). 1 RMS VdB regarding 1 micro-inch/sec. inch/sec = inches per second Lv = 20 log 10 [V/V ref ] PPV = peak particle velocity RMS = root-mean-square VdB = velocity in decibels United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1972, Congress enacted the United States Noise Control Act. This act authorized the EPA publish descriptive data on the effects of noise and establish levels of sound requisite protect the public welfare with an adequate margin of safety. These levels are separated in health (hearing loss levels) and welfare (annoyance levels). For protection against hearing loss, 96 percent of the population would be protected if sound levels are less than or equal 70 dba during a 24-hour period of time. At 55 dba L dn, 95-percent sentence clarity (intelligibility) may be expected at 11 ft, and no community reaction. However, 1 percent of the population may complain about noise at this level, and 17 percent may indicate annoyance. The EPA cautions that these identified levels are not standards because they do not take in account the cost or feasibility of the levels. State Regulations and Policies. The State of California has established regulations that help prevent adverse impacts occupants of buildings located near noise sources. Referred as the State Noise Insulation Standard, it requires buildings meet performance standards through design and/or building materials that would offset any noise source in the vicinity of the recepr. State regulations include requirements for the construction of new hotels, motels, apartment houses, and dwellings other than detached single-family dwellings that are intended limit the extent of noise transmitted in habitable spaces. These requirements are found in California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24 (known as the California Building Standards Code), Part 2 (known as the California Building Code [CBC]), Appendix Chapter 12. California Health and Safety Code, Division 28, Noise Control Act. The California Noise Control Act states that excessive noise is a serious hazard public health and welfare and that it is the policy of the State provide an environment for all Californians that is free from noise that jeopardizes their health or welfare. The goal is minimize the number of people that would be exposed excessive noise but not create an environment completely free from any noise. California Government Code Section Section 65302(f) of the California Government Code and the Guidelines for the Preparation and Content of the Noise Element of the General Plan prepared by the California Department of Health Services and included in the 1990 State of P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

9 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT California General Plan Guidelines published by the State Office of Planning and Research provides requirements and guidance local agencies in the preparation of their Noise Elements. The Guidelines require that major noise sources and areas containing noise-sensitive land uses be identified and quantified by preparing generalized noise exposure conurs for current and projected conditions. Conurs may be prepared in terms of either the CNEL or the Day-Night Average Level (L dn ), which are descriprs of tal noise exposure at a given location for an annual average day. The CNEL and L dn are generally considered be equivalent descriprs of the community noise environment within plus or minus 1.0 db. The Noise Element (1975) contained in the City of Long Beach General Plan is in compliance with the Guidelines and is further discussed below. Local Regulations and Policies. City of Long Beach General Plan Noise Element. The Noise Element of the General Plan contains noise standards for mobile noise sources. These standards address the impacts of noise from adjacent roadways and airports. The City also specifies outdoor and indoor noise limits for residential uses, places of worship, educational facilities, hospitals, hotels/motels, and commercial and other land uses. The noise standard for exterior living areas is 65 dba CNEL. The indoor noise standard is 45 dba CNEL, which is consistent with the standard in the California Noise Insulation Standard. City of Long Beach Municipal Code. Chapter 8.80, Noise, of the City s Municipal Code establishes the vibration perception threshold as the minimal ground- or structure-borne vibration motion that would cause an individual be aware of the vibration. The City has also adopted a quantitative Noise Control Ordinance, No. C-5371, Long Beach 1978 (Municipal Code, Chapter 8.80). The ordinance establishes maximum permissible hourly noise levels (L 50 ) for different districts throughout the City. Tables 4.10.F and 4.10.G list exterior noise and interior noise limits for various land uses. Table 4.10.F: Exterior Noise Limits, L N (dba) Receiving Land Use Time Period L 50 L 25 L 8 L 2 L max Residential (District One) Night: 10:00 p.m. 7:00 a.m Day: 7:00 a.m. 10:00 p.m Commercial (District Two) Night: 10:00 p.m. 7:00 a.m Day: 7:00 a.m. 10:00 p.m Industrial (District Three) Anytime* Source: City of Long Beach Municipal Code (1988). * For use at boundaries rather than for noise control within industrial districts. dba = A-weighted decibel L max = maximum noise level during a measurement period or noise event L N = A-weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level 2 percent (L 2 ), 8 percent (L 8 ), 25 percent (L 25 ), or 50 percent (L 50 ) of a stated time period. P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 Table 4.10.G: Maximum Interior Sound Levels, L N (dba) Receiving Land Use Time Interval L 8 L 2 L max Residential 10:00 p.m. 7:00 a.m :00 a.m. 10:00 p.m School 7:00 a.m. 10:00 p.m (while school is in session) Hospital and other noisesensitive zones Anytime Source: City of Long Beach Municipal Code (1988). dba = A-weighted decibel L max = maximum noise level during a measurement period or noise event L N = A-weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level 2 percent (L 2 ) or 8 percent (L 8 of a stated time period. The City s Noise Control Ordinance also governs the time of day that construction work can be performed. Construction is limited the hours between 7:00 a.m. 7:00 p.m. Monday through Friday and on federal holidays, and 9:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m. on Saturday. No construction activities are permitted outside of these hours, and no construction is permitted on Sundays without a special permit Impact Significance Criteria The thresholds for noise impacts used in this analysis are consistent with Appendix G of the State California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines. The proposed Project may be deemed have a significant impact with respect noise if it would: Threshold : Threshold : Threshold : Threshold : Threshold : Threshold : Expose persons or generate noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies. Expose persons or generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels. Result in a substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. Result in a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose people residing or working in the project area excessive noise levels. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, expose people residing or working in the project area excessive noise levels P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

11 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT The IS, included as Appendix A, substantiates that there would be no impacts associated with Thresholds and As a result, these thresholds are not addressed in the following analysis Project Impacts Threshold : Would the project expose persons or generate noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. Short-Term Construction-Related Impacts. Two types of short-term noise impacts could occur during construction of the proposed Project. First, construction crew commutes and the transport of construction equipment and materials the site for the proposed Project would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading the site. A relatively high single-event noise exposure potential will exist at a maximum level of 87 dba L max with trucks passing at 50 ft. However, the projected construction traffic will be minimal when compared the existing traffic volumes on Santa Fe, PCH, and other affected streets, and the associated long-term noise level change will not be perceptible. Therefore, short-term construction-related worker commutes and equipment transport noise impacts would not be substantial and the impact from the proposed Project would be less than significant. The second type of short-term noise impact is related noise generated during excavation, grading, and construction on the Project site. Construction is performed in discrete steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment, and consequently its own noise characteristics. These various sequential phases would change the character of the noise generated on site. Therefore, the noise levels vary as construction progresses. Despite the variety in the type and size of construction equipment, similarities in the dominant noise sources and patterns of operation allow construction-related noise ranges be categorized by work phase. Average maximum noise levels range up 87 dba at 50 ft during the noisiest construction phases. The site preparation phase, which includes excavation and grading of the site, tends generate the highest noise levels, because the noisiest construction equipment is earthmoving equipment. Earthmoving equipment includes excavating machinery such as backfillers, bulldozers, draglines, and front loaders. Earthmoving and compacting equipment includes compacrs, scrapers, and graders. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by 3 or 4 minutes at lower power settings. Construction of the proposed Project is expected require the use of earthmovers, bulldozers, water trucks, and pickup trucks. This equipment would be used on the Project site. The maximum noise level generated by each scraper on site is assumed be 84 dba L max at 50 ft from the scraper. Each dozer would generate 82 dba L max at 50 ft. The maximum noise level generated by water trucks and pickup trucks is approximately 75 dba L max at 50 ft from these vehicles. Each doubling of a sound source with equal strength increases the noise level by 3 dba. P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 Construction activities for the proposed Project would be located within 65 ft of the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north. Assuming that each piece of construction equipment operates at some distance from the other equipment, the worst-case combined noise level during this phase of construction would be 87 dba L max at a distance of 50 ft from the active construction area. The maximum construction noise levels at the job center would be 85 dba L max. The following noise reduction measures outlined in Mitigation Measure would reduce noise impacts on nearby sensitive receprs during the Project construction period a less than significant level: The use of manufacturer-certified mufflers would generally reduce construction equipment noise by 10 dba. The noise-generating portions of the construction equipment should be directed away from sensitive receprs reduce noise levels; the amount of reduction will depend on the distance and directivity of the equipment noise emissions. The staging area should be located away from the sensitive receprs also reduce the noise levels; the amount of reduction will depend on the distance involved and whether any intervening structures exist. In the event that sonic pile drivers are used, the operation of other construction equipment on site at that time should be from the furthest distance possible from noise-sensitive receprs. Engine idling from construction equipment (i.e., bulldozers and haul trucks) should be limited a maximum of 5 minutes at any given time. Construction activities should be scheduled avoid operating several pieces of heavy equipment simultaneously. The proposed Project construction activities would occur within the hours specified in the City s Noise Control Ordinance, as described above. In addition, the 8 ft wall included in the Project plans along the northern and western boundaries of the Project site would be built early in the construction phase in order mitigate construction noise. The City of Long Beach Municipal Code does not limit construction-related noise levels as long as the construction activities are limited the hours specified and are not excessive or unnecessary. To further reduce construction noise levels and minimize noise impacts, mitigation requiring specific construction equipment maintenance and placement, as identified in Mitigation Measure , would be required. Long-Term On-Site Operational Noise Impacts. Stationary Source Noise Impacts. Potential noise associated with operation of the proposed Project takes in consideration noise from truck deliveries, loading/unloading activities, activities within the garden center, and other related activities in the loading and parking areas, as described in the following sections P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

13 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Delivery and Loading Dock Activities. The proposed Project includes the construction of a loading dock on the north side of the proposed commercial building. A delivery truck would enter the site, maneuver the loading area, unhitch the trailer, pick up an empty trailer, and leave the site. Noise sources associated with the typical operation of loading docks include maneuvering, loading and unloading of delivery trucks (large and small), refrigeration equipment, engine idling, and airbrake. Noise associated with the loading dock activities would be of short-term duration and would occur only when delivery trucks are at the loading dock areas. Typical truck delivery activities last an average of 3 6 minutes per truck, depending on whether or not the loading bay is empty at the time of arrival. In the event idling does occur, idling time would be limited no more than 5 minutes under California State law. (CCR 2485). The proposed Project would result in the location of the loading area on the north side of the building approximately 100 ft from the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north and 700 ft from the residences the northwest. On-site truck activities, such as maneuvering and backing up, would occur within 65 ft of the Job Corps Center and 500 ft of the residences. Long Beach Job Corps Center. Based on noise readings from loading and unloading activities for similar projects, a noise level of 75 dba L max at 50 ft was used in this analysis. The noise attenuation of on-site truck activities, provided by distance divergence at 65 ft, is approximately 2 dba compared the level at 50 ft. In addition, the proposed site plan includes the construction of an 8 ft high masonry block wall between the Project site and the Job Corps Center, which would provide a minimum of 5 dba in noise attenuation for areas the north. Therefore, the Long Beach Job Corps Center would be exposed truck activity noise levels of up 68 dba L max. This noise level is lower than the daytime L max of 70 dba (7 a.m. 10 p.m.) established by the City. However, without the wall, this noise level would exceed the City s nighttime L max of 65 dba (10 p.m. 7 a.m.). The proposed Project will include the construction of a 10 ft high by 85 ft long barrier wall between the loading docks and the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north. This barrier would reduce the loading/unloading noises by 6 8 dba. However, this barrier would not reduce the noise from the on-site truck activities/maneuvering. Therefore, this barrier would not reduce the truck impact below a level of significance. Mitigation Measure lists techniques reduce noise associated with delivery and loading dock activities. As stated in Mitigation Measure , potential delivery and loading dock noise would be reduced a less than significant level if the on-site loading activities are limited the hours of 7 a.m. 10 p.m. or if the proposed masonry wall be located along the northern and western boundary of the Project site is increased from 8 ft 12 ft in height. Therefore, implementation of one of the two techniques listed in Mitigation Measure would reduce loading dock noise impacts on the Long Beach Job Corps Center a less than significant level. P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

14 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 The Century Villages at Cabrillo. The noise attenuation of loading/unloading activities, provided by distance divergence at 500 ft, is approximately 20 dba compared the level at 50 ft. Therefore, the CVC would be exposed loading/ unloading noise levels of up 55 dba L max. This noise level is lower than the nighttime L max of 65 dba (10 p.m. 7 a.m.) established by the City. Therefore, Project impacts on the nearest residential uses would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required. Garden Center. Activities within the garden center, such as movement of goods with forklifts, would generate noise levels of up 70 dba L max. With the noise attenuation provided by distance divergence, the noise levels from the garden center will be reduced 64 dba L max at the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north and 50 dba L max at the nearest residences the west. These noise levels are lower than the nighttime L max of 65 dba (10 p.m. 7 a.m.) established by the City. Therefore, no mitigation is required for the activities within the garden center. Parking Lots. Parking would generally be located throughout the site, consisting of a paved lot with driveway access PCH the south. Noise associated with activities in the parking lot, such as door slamming, slow-moving vehicles, and cusmers conversing, would generate intermittent maximum noise levels of approximately 60 dba L max at 50 ft. The Project s rear parking area is located 65 ft from the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north and 500 ft from the nearest residences the west. These distances provide 2 20 dba of noise attenuation. Therefore, noise associated with parking lot activities would be reduced 58 dba L max at the Long Beach Job Corps Center and 40 dba L max at the nearest residences the west. These noise levels are much lower than the nighttime L max of 65 dba (10 p.m. 7 a.m.) established by the City. Therefore, no mitigation is required for the parking lot activities. Other On-Site Noise Sources. Other proposed site improvements include construction of trash and palette enclosures, retaining walls, security lighting, and landscaping. Trash and palette enclosures are proposed in the rear of the building. Noise associated with these activities would not be any greater than noise levels associated with loading/unloading activities and thus, would not affect any off-site uses. No mitigation measures are required for these activities. Threshold : Would the project expose persons or generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Less than Significant Impact. The primary source of vibration during construction would be generated by the loaded trucks, small bulldozers, and jack hammers. Construction activities for the proposed Project would be located within 65 ft of the Long Beach Job Corps Center the north. The P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

15 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT vibration level at the closest residence would be 0.03 inches per second (in/sec). 1 This construction vibration level is below the damage threshold of 0.3 in/sec for older residential buildings and 0.5 in/sec for modern industrial commercial buildings. This construction vibration level is also below the threshold of 0.4 in/sec for vibration levels be distinctly perceptible. Therefore, the proposed Project would not generate groundborne noise levels that would cause damage nearby buildings or cause a community annoyance. The proposed Project would have a less than significant impact related excessive groundborne vibration, and no mitigation is required. Threshold : Would the project result in a substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? Less than Significant Impact. Long-Term Traffic Noise Impacts. The Noise Impact Analysis prepared for the proposed Project evaluated traffic-related noise conditions along the roadway segments in the Project vicinity. Although Project-related long-term vehicular trip increases are anticipated be low, these traffic trips would potentially impact road links and intersections in the Project vicinity. Existing off-site sensitive receprs in the vicinity of the Project site would be potentially affected by noise associated with these new traffic trips. Tables 4.10.H and 4.10.I list the existing plus Project traffic noise levels along PCH and Santa Fe in the Project vicinity during the weekday and Saturday conditions. Tables 4.10.J and 4.10.K list the cumulative traffic noise conditions the without the Project during the weekday and Saturday conditions. Tables 4.10.L and 4.10.M list the cumulative traffic noise conditions for with the Project during the weekday and Saturday conditions. These noise levels represent the worst-case scenario, which assumes that no shielding is provided between the traffic and the location in which the noise conurs are drawn. Tables 4.10.J and 4.10.K show the cumulative traffic noise levels for the existing year at the same time the Noise Impact Analysis was prepared (2013) for the proposed Project. Noise levels would continue range from moderate high. The increase in Project-related cumulative traffic noise levels would be very small at 0.4 dba for both PCH and Santa Fe during weekdays and 0.8 dba for PCH and 0.9 for Santa Fe on Saturdays. Because changes in noise levels of 3 dba or less are not perceptible the human ear in an outdoor environment, noise level increases associated with the proposed Project would be considered less than significant. No mitigation is required. As illustrated by Tables 4.10.L and 4.10.M, cumulative weekday and Saturday traffic noise levels with the proposed Project would continue be moderate high. The maximum Project-related traffic noise level increase would be 0.4 dba for both PCH and Santa Fe, which would not be audible the human ear. Therefore, the Project-related traffic noise impact on off-site land uses for existing conditions and after build out of the proposed Project would be less than significant, and no mitigation is required. 1 Using Equation 12 and Table 18 from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Transportation and Construction-Induced Vibration Guidance Manual (Jones & Skes, June 2004). P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CITY OF LONG BEACH JANUARY 2014 Table 4.10.H: Existing Weekday with Project Traffic Noise Levels CNEL (dba) 50 ft from Outermost Increase CNEL (dba) 50 ft from Outermost Roadway Segment ADT Centerline 70 CNEL Centerline 65 CNEL Centerline 60 CNEL Lane Lane PCH between O Street and Judson 24, PCH between Judson and 24, Hayes PCH between Hayes and 25, Seabright PCH between Seabright and 25, Cota PCH between Cota and Santa 26, Fe PCH between Santa Fe and 25, Canal PCH between Canal and 26, Caspian PCH between Caspian and 26, Harbor PCH between Harbor Boulevard and 29, Magnolia Santa Fe between Wardlow 18,100 < Road and Willow Street Santa Fe between Willow 12,800 < Street and 19 th Street Santa Fe between 19 th Street 11,400 < and PCH Santa Fe between PCH and 8,500 < 50 < Anaheim Street Source: Noise Impact Analysis, LSA Associates, Inc. (Ocber 2013). < 50 = Traffic noise within 50 ft of roadway centerline requires site-specific analysis. ADT = Average Daily Traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level dba = A-weighted decibel ft = foot/feet PCH = Pacific Coast Highway P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»

17 CITY OF LONG BEACH J ANUARY 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Table 4.10.I: Existing Saturday with Project Traffic Noise Levels CNEL (dba) 50 ft from Outermost Increase CNEL (dba) 50 ft from Outermost Centerline Centerline Centerline Roadway Segment ADT 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL Lane Lane PCH between O Street and Judson 20, PCH between Judson and Hayes 20,800 < PCH between Hayes and 21,600 < Seabright PCH between Seabright and 21,900 < Cota PCH between Cota and Santa Fe 23,100 < PCH between Santa Fe and 22,000 < Canal PCH between Canal and Caspian 23,000 < PCH between Caspian and 22,600 < Harbor PCH between Harbor Boulevard and 22,300 < Magnolia Santa Fe between Wardlow Road 13,300 < and Willow Street Santa Fe between Willow Street 11,500 < and 19 th Street Santa Fe between 19 th Street and 9,000 < 50 < PCH Santa Fe between PCH and 5,800 < 50 < Anaheim Street Source: Noise Impact Analysis, LSA Associates, Inc. (Ocber 2013). < 50 = Traffic noise within 50 ft of roadway centerline requires site-specific analysis. ADT = Average Daily Traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level dba = A-weighted decibel ft = foot/feet PCH = Pacific Coast Highway P:\CLB1205\Draft EIR\4.10 Noise.doc «01/06/14»