Keramische Technologien und Systeme für die effiziente Energiewandlung und -speicherung

Transcription

1 Keramische Technologien und Systeme für die effiziente Energiewandlung und -speicherung Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systems: IKTS Alexander Michaelis Total Budget: Mio Main sites : Dresden and Hermsdorf staff: 450

2 Core Competencies of IKTS structural ceramics Ceramic Materials Sintering / Characterization functional ceramics Micro- and Energy Systems Processes / Components Environmental Technologies Smart Materials and Systems 2

3 Smart Ceramic Materials for Energy and Environmental Technologies and Systems Bioenergie-Anwendungszentrum / Pöhl Ceramics for combustion engines Membranes for Filtration / Bioenergy Fuel Cells Photovoltaics Energy Harvesting (Piezoceramics, TEG) Storage Technology Li-Battery SuperCap Na-NiCl SOEC - (Electrolysis ) 3

4 Ceramic Membrane Systems for liquid and gas filtration 145 C Atmosphere 110 C, 85 wt.% 99.5 wt.% ETOH M M From mash column (110,000 l/d) 66 wt.% ETOH Rectification column Fusel oils and techn. alcohols Steam for start up and control M M M 14 2 C cooling water 30 C cold water 10 C cold water 4 C system / plant Lutter water M M Product (80,000 l/d) 99.5 wt.% ETOH module process membrane support 4

5 Formation of structural pores < 1 nm Crystallographic cages/channels Lattice plane distances Crystallographic defects (vacancies) 0,35 nm 0,4 nm 5

6 O 2 permeable membranes for combustion processes new long term stable materials high flux by the use of asymmetrical membranes CH 4 CH 4 porose protection tube with cathode membrane air syngas syngas 6

7 Smart Ceramic Materials for Energy and Environmental Technologies and Systems Bioenergie-Anwendungszentrum / Pöhl Ceramics for combustion engines Membranes for Filtration / Bioenergy Fuel Cells Photovoltaics Energy Harvesting (Piezoceramics, TEG) Storage Technology Li-Battery SuperCap Na-NiCl SOEC - (Electrolysis ) 7

8 Brennstoffzellen hocheffiziente Energiewandlung: elektrisch > 45 55%, KWK > 90 % geringste Emmisionen Grundlastfähig Dezentral Wartungsarm, hohe Verfügbarkeit 8

9 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) value chain Material MEA Stack System www. enrg-inc.com Take over of Siemens AG planar SOFC Technology including IP and some assets in

10 Fuel Cell Systems developed at IKTS 1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kw 10 kw 1MW Hand held portable stationary Hydrogen PEFC Tubular SOFC LPG SOFC Natural gas SOFC Biogas SOFC Biogas + NG MCFC 10

11 eneramic DESIGN OPTIONS AND ADVANCED SYSTEM CONCEPTS eneramic stack afterburner Portable SOFC system based on ceramic components and multilayer technologies start-up burner fuel processor process air pre-heater

12 Advanced System Concepts Range Extender for stationary (and mobile) systems PV Module / Wind Turbine P Peak = 7,5 kw 1 Capacity Factor: 25 % 1 45 kwh / day High-Temperature Battery Storage 557 V / 64 Ah / 35,7 kwh 2 LPG 750 g / day 400 J/s Application P Average 2 kw 3 48 kwh / day PV Generation Exhaust Heat 250 W th 300 C DC-Power 100 W el 2,4 kwh / day Required Power Time Na/NiCl-Battery maintained at 270 C Time Application Examples: Remote Surveillance Systems, Telecom Sites, Weather Stations, Irrigation Systems 1) indicative values for small PV systems in Europe; 2) example data of a ZEBRA Z12 Telecom Battery 3) indicative values for typical cell site power consumption 12

13 Fuel Cell Systems developed at IKTS 1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kw 10 kw 1MW Hand held portable stationary Hydrogen PEFC Tubular SOFC LPG SOFC Natural gas SOFC Biogas SOFC Biogas + NG MCFC 13

14 IKTS has put systems in the field Bio-Gas fuel cell Complete design and assembly of a kwclass fuel cell running on biogas. Vaillant mchp system Complete system design of the world s first wall-hanging fuel cell based micro cogenerator (Europe s largest heating applicance manufacturer) The IKTS fuel cell was put in a container and tested on-site at a biogas plant for one complete summer. SOEC Tests ongoin g 14

15 Fuel Cell Systems developed at IKTS 1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kw 10 kw 1MW Hand held portable stationary Hydrogen PEFC Tubular SOFC LPG SOFC Natural gas SOFC Biogas SOFC Biogas + NG MCFC 15

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18 MCFC: Market proven! More than 80 Direct FuelCell plants are running in the field 300MW Fuel Cell power in operatoion 18

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21 SOEC?! (Holy grail) 21

22 Storage technology at IKTS: NaS, NaNiCl Li-Ion Battery value chain / technology line Powder processing Slurry mixing Electrode manufacturing Cell assembly + packaging Cell testing Powder synthesis and processing Methods for analysis and optimization of thermal process Methods for characterization of powders (FESEM, XRD; Raman; thermal properties; particle size ) Development of an adapted slip compositions for the coating process Sophisticated methods of slurry characterization and optimization Efficient methods for slurry mixing Development of technologies for coating of electrode films Material and electrode characterization Sophisticated spectroelectrochemical characterization (impedance, Raman, ) Electrical and thermal characterization of commercial cells Stationary and dynamic modeling of battery cell performance 22

23 Material development Powder processing Slurry mixing Electrode manufacturing Cell assembly + packaging Cell testing Active materials for lithium ion battery electrodes Cathode materials LiCoO 2 (LCO), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA), LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM), LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO), LiFePO 4 (LFP) Anode materials graphite modifications (commercial supplier) Pretreatment of the raw material powders to enhance battery performance e.g. electrode conductivity, energy density and cycle life LiCoO 2 cathode 23

24 Tap density Capacity Processing Discharge current Cycle stabilty Power density Life time Safety 24

25 Efficient manufacturing methods for high-performance lithium ion batteries: From Lab. to Fab. Pilot scale production of Li-Ion-Batteries Development of optimized manufacturing methods along the entire value chain of lithium ion cell production Manufacturing methods for highperformance lithium ion battery cells with a target price of 300 /kwh Slurry mixing Electrode manufacturing Cell assembly + packaging Cell testing Battery assembly 25

26 Brennstoffzellen erforderlich zur regenerativen Gaserzeugung sowie umweltgerechter Energiewandlung aus Gas (Elektrolyse, SOEC) 26

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28 Projektkonzept Zwanzig20 des IKTS: Batterie 2.0 RESET Dresden

29 Zusammenfassung: Kombination von effizienter (regenerativer) Energiewandlung + Speicherung Anwendungen SOFC Solar Solar MCFC SOFC Wind Supercap Li-Ion NaNiCl Redox-Flow SOEC Power to Gas (Fuel) E-Mobil Privat Gewerbe Industrie Netzebene Netzebene 5 Skalierung 29