Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry (IV) Edited by Carmen Zaharia

Transcription

1

2 Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry (IV) Edited by Carmen Zaharia

3 Referen i tiin ifici Conf. univ. dr. chim. Mioara Surp eanu Prof. univ. dr. ing. Carmen Teodosiu Conf. univ. dr. ing. C t lin Neculai Lungu Redactor: Dana Lungu Coverage: Manuela Oboroceanu Desktop publisher: Lumini a R ducanu ISBN general: ISBN vol. IV: , Editura Universit ii Alexandru Ioan Cuza Ia i, str. Pinului, nr. 1A, tel./fax: (0232) ro editura@uaic.ro

4 Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry (IV) Edited by Carmen Zaharia EDITURA UNIVERSIT II ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA IA I 2015

5 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry / ed. by Carmen Zaharia. - Iaşi: Editura Universităţii Al. I. Cuza, vol. ISBN Vol ISBN I. Zaharia, Carmen (ed.) :66+54

6 Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry (IV) Contents Preface vii Part I - Environmental-Friendly Materials - Environmental Treatment Technologies 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Adsorptive properties of LDHs type materials, Simona Nichitus, Gabriela Calin, Alexandru Buga, Gabriela Carja 3 TiO 2 -based mesoporous materials for the efficient photo-degradation of rebel organic compounds in aqueous solutions, Doina Lutic, Igor Creţescu 33 Schiff bases and its potential use for wastewater treatment, Ramona Elena Tătaru Farmus, Corina Cernătescu, Claudia Cobzaru, Gabriela Antoaneta Apostolescu, Nicolae Apostolescu 53 Part II Microorganisms and Outdoor/Indoor Environment Chemistry - High Concerns, Risks, Disasters and Degradations 69 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Research on identifying the degradations from wooden structures of outdoor monuments, Nicoleta Vornicu 71 Considerations about disasters impact on libraries and archives, Elena Ardelean, Nicoleta Melniciuc Puica 83 Characterization of microorganisms in the indoor environments and their risks to human health, Mariana Diaconu 103 Part III - Water and Sediment Chemistry - Concerns, Pollution Status, Pollutants Analysis and Monitoring 133 Chapter 7 Modern sensors for monitoring of water quality, Vlad Dragoș Diaconescu, Rodica Diaconescu, Carmen Zaharia, Carmen Loghin 135 v

7 Contents Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Numerical simulation and modeling of residual disinfectant in water from indoor water consuming instalations. Case study, Esmeralda Chiorescu, Raluca Mitroi 167 Natural water sediments: characterisation, advanced analysis, pollution status and risks, Carmen Zaharia, Mariana Diaconu 195 Chapter 10 Marine costal area of Black Sea (Romania): characterisation, pollution status and its potential environmental risks and impacts, Carmen Zaharia 227 Information about the Editor 251 vi

8 Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry (IV) Preface It is a visualized reality that the Earth is small, and here exists different kinds of life forms and humans, in other words, exists a way of life in the midst of a continually repeatable cycle of material transformations. Up to now the humans and different other living populations of plants and animals will be able to conscientiously accept that the atmosphere, the oceans and even the soil are inexhaustible reservoirs, transforming more or less by our activities and existences in a way that can be polluting for Environment (especially, for living populations and transforming/interacting materials). Until now the humans may be doing irreversive damage to this precious little earth space, and the climatic changes, species disappearance or diminishing, physicalchemical-biological pollution episodes and earth warming/climatic changes are realities of our life-today time. The environment, meaning mainly the atmosphere, water resources (fresh or treatable water resources as different types of wastewater, highly polluted surface waters or natural liquid waste reservoirs) and soil, has a dynamic character, and it is essential for both teaching and research activities of many academic, education, agro-industrial and research institutions to constitute a catalogue or describe of physical-chemical and/or biological properties of the natural worlds, of concentrations of contaminants, and, moreover, of the natural processes and transformations of different environmental components. Current research focuses on the processes that operate within and between different environmental components and the ways in which human activities interact with the natural processes. Fundamental studies and current researches in environmental chemistry use information from all the traditional disciplines, building on this and contributing new knowledge in highly specific ways, involving attempts to integrate the particular ideas into a comprehensive picture of how the natural environment functions and responds to stresses. For the fourth volume, Current topics, concepts and research priorities in environmental chemistry (IV), the subject is also challenging and complex. Some basic concepts, key issues of global concern (i.e. physico-chemical and biological principles operating in the natural and contaminated environment; fundamentals of physical, organic and inorganic chemistry; important topics of environmental chemistry as basic quantitative calculations, natural and artificial physical-chemical process analysis, control or monitoring; worldwide interconnected concepts and researches of all environmental issues, etc.) are considered in the three parts of the book (ten chapters) organized based on the principal environmental components, general global concerns and new concepts of environmental-friendly materials, environmental analysis, control and monitoring. vii

9 Preface The book editor has invited some specialists in chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, biology and ecology with interest in environmental research and applications to contribute on the basis of their scientific theoretical and practical research within this topic to date, with new valuable research on subjects related, but not limited to the following topic areas: Hypothesis, predictions and development perspectives of environmental characteristics, compositions, equilibria and aggressive character behavior, Pollutants, polluting effects (e.g., toxicity and toxicokinetics, ecosystem stress, climate change, other natural damages etc.), and its implications in atmosphere, water or soil chemistry, Single and combination of physical-chemical and biological transformations/processes in atmosphere, water and soil environments (i.e. hydrolysis, carbonatation, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, aggregation, ionic exchange, adsorption, absorption, complexation, evaporation, or bioaccumulation, biodegradation etc.), Current and new methods for analysis and control of different ionic, molecular, radical or radioactive species in Environment (air, water, soil), Monitoring, control and reduction of environment pollution, Physical-chemical changes of environment in different geographical areas, Others. The general plan of the fourth volume as well as of the first, second and third ones on this subject is to introduce some important polluting constituents on environment (air, water, soil), then to describe and apply physical-chemical and biological processes, new techniques of analysis, control and depollution of the principal environmental components, and also new concepts in environmental treatment and environmental-friendly materials. The book editor is hoping that, in a significant way, this book will contribute to the learning and understanding of new environmental chemistry aspects, environmental global concerns, new environmental control techniques based mainly on mathematical simulation and modelling, new pollutant extraction, removal/remediation and investigation techniques that are needed to maintain and restore this still good Earth Environment. Good reading in peace with the Environment and for its sustainable status! October 25, 2015 Associate Professor Carmen ZAHARIA, Ph.D., Eng. The book editor viii