DEW POINT OF THE FLUE GAS OF BOILERS CO-FIRING

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "DEW POINT OF THE FLUE GAS OF BOILERS CO-FIRING"

Transcription

1 Chemical and Pocess Engineeing 2013, 34 (1), DOI: /cpe DEW POINT OF THE FLUE GAS OF BOILERS CO-FIRING BIOMASS WITH COAL Szymon Ciukaj *, Maek Ponobis Silesian Univesity of Technology (SUT), Institute of Powe Engineeing and Tubomachiney, Konaskiego 20, Gliwice, Poland The pape deals with the impact of co-fiing biomass with coal in boiles on the dew point of the flue gas. Co-fiing of biomass may have twofold implications on coosion and fouling, which ae the pocesses that detemine the lowest acceptable flue gas outlet tempeatue and as a esult, boile efficiency. Both phenomena may be educed by co-fiing of usually low sulphu biomasses o enhanced due to inceased moistue content of biomass leading to inceased wate dew point. The pesent study concens the poblem of low-tempeatue coosion in utility boiles. The pape gives (in the fom of diagams and equations) a elationship between wate dew point and moistue content of fuel mixtue when co-fiing coal and vaious biomasses. The egession analysis shows that despite significant diffeences in the chaacteistics of coals and these of additional fuels, which ae planned fo co-fiing in lage-scale powe boiles, the wate dew point can be descibed by a function given with the accuacy, which shall be satisfactoy fo engineeing puposes. The discussion of the popeties of biofuels indicates that the acid dew point suplus ove the wate dew point (Δt = t - t w ) is not likely to exceed 10 K when co-fiing biomass. The concluding emaks give ecommendations fo the appopiate opeation of boiles in ode to educe isks associated with biomass co-combustion. Keywods: acid-dew point, low-tempeatue coosion, biomass, co-fiing 1. INTRODUCTION The main facto limiting the eduction of flue gas exit tempeatue in powe boiles is the necessity of peventing dew condensation on cold end elements (ai heates, electostatic pecipitatos and connecting ducts). Paticulaly endangeed ae the otay ai heates (RAH) whee the liquid phase emeging on the sufaces of heating elements esults in sevee fouling and coosion. Both phenomena ae associated with condensation of vapous fom the flue gas. When fiing sulphu-containing fuels, sulphu patly oxidises to fom SO 3, which afte having eacted with wate vapou pesent in the flue gas foms vapous of sulphuic acid. When cooled, the mixtue of H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O condensates. The dew point tempeatue and composition of liquid mixtue ae detemined by the patial pessues of wate and sulphuic acid vapous in the flue gas. By loweing the faction of H 2 SO 4, the dew point dops and eaches, by zeo concentation of the acid, the wate dew point t w. Paticula emphasis on combustion of enewable fuels fo CO 2 emission eduction and simultaneous demand fo themal utilisation of wastes guaantee that co-fiing of such fuels is now and will be in the futue unavoidable in the ation of lage powe boiles. The shae of enegy to be geneated fom enewable souces is in Poland established in Decee of the Ministe of Economy (2012) which adapt Poland s national law accoding to espective EU Diectives (2001) and (2003). *Coesponding autho, szymon.ciukaj@polsl.pl 101

2 Sz. Ciukaj, M. Ponobis, Chem. Pocess Eng., 2013, 34 (1), The co-fiing of biomass with coal in boiles may have twofold implications on low-tempeatue coosion and fouling pocesses. Both phenomena may be educed by co-fiing of usually low sulphu biomasses o enhanced due to inceased moistue content of biomass and inceased wate dew point. Most biomass fuels, which ae now bunt fo powe geneation, ae chaacteised by much lowe sulphu content than those found in coal. This leads to an indisputable positive effect on SO x emissions. Nevetheless, a simila positive effect may not be diectly associated with coosion and fouling hazads. The EU Decee (2003) in its Aticle 4(3) equests a gadual incease of biomass shae oiginating fom enegy cops and agicultual esidues. Thus, the unavoidable boadening of biomass vaiety beyond the most used wood, whose co-fiing chaacteistics ae elatively advantageous in tems of low S and Cl contents and high ash fusion tempeatues, is expected. The lowest acceptable flue gas outlet tempeatue t min fg _ out has to be set on the level avoiding condensation. By inceasing dew point the t min fg _ out has to be also inceased to pevent condensation what, in consequence, deceases boile efficiency. It has to be mentioned that the necessay elevation of t min fg _ out exceeds by moe than two times the incease of t. A espective example is pesented in Fig. 1, which has been calculated accoding to (Ponobis, 2002), assuming that the last heating suface is a RAH with ai inlet tempeatue 20 C. Fig. 1. Lowest acceptable flue gas outlet tempeatue as a function of the dew point 2. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. Diect measuement technique Although diect estimation of the dew point may be caied out by means of vaious methods (Deichs et al., 1991), the conductivity method is usually used fo boile flue gases. The method is based upon detection of apid conductivity ise between two electodes when condensation occus. In paallel, the tempeatue of the suface being exposed to condensation is measued. The pobes ae made out of glass o ceamics in which electodes and themocouples ae embedded. When measuement takes place, a contolled dop of pobe tempeatue is induced by a cooling agent (compessed ai) until conductivity steeply ises. 102

3 Dew point of the flue gas of boiles co-fiing biomass with coal It is likely that new biomasses such as DDGS, ceeal staw, vaiety of gass, meat and bone meal and sewage sludge ae to be used fo powe geneation. The following consideations concening co-fiing ae based on 2 coals highly divese in tems of moistue content and caloific value in combination with 7 biomasses with stongly diffeent popeties - Table 1. The data fo coals A and B, BCT, WC and RG ae obtained fom analyses caied out at Wocław Univesity of Technology Popeties of coal and biomass fo the coosion studies When a elatively low caloific value biomass eplaces coal, significant amounts of moistue o sometimes sulphu, ae intoduced into the funace. An estimation of this phenomenon in tems of moistue and sulphu fed with biomass (when biomass displaces coal by enegy input) is calculated accoding to the following equation (fo sulphu): kg S fom biomass S _ equiv = ( Qi C / Qi Bio) ( SBio / SC ) (1) kg S fom coal Calculation esults ae gouped in Table 2 and values exceeding 1 ae typed in bold. Those values indicate co-fiing cases when lowe-than-coal caloific value biomass contibutes to inceased steams of moistue and sulphu being fed to the funace. It means, that the emission in mg/m 3 n o ppm will also incease - see values of S equiv in the last ow of Table 2. The esults show that biomass co-fiing may eithe decease sulphu steam fed to the funace, which is the case fo majoity of vegetable biomasses, o incease it when co-fiing sewage sludge, ape o DDGS. It should be noted that when co-fiing aw sewage sludge and othe wet biomasses, a multiplied wate steam fed into the funace will esult in a significantly inceased wate dew point. Table 1. Popeties of coals and additional fuels Unit Coal A B BCT WW (Wandasz et al., 2006) DSS (Wandasz et al., 2000) Additional fuels WC RG DDGS (IChPC, 2007) WSS (Nowaczyk, 2007) kj/kg W t % S % Table 2. Popeties of additional fuels calculated as enegy equivalent of coal (eq. 1) ic ibio Additional fuels BCT WW DSS WC RG DDGS WSS A B A B A B A B A B A B A B Q / Q W_equiv S_equiv Fo pue coal combustion and co-fiing with biomass (biomass pecentages Z D =2.0; 5.0; 10, 20 and 50% on an enegy base), the mass pecent, Y D, poximate and elemental analysis as well as concentation of H 2 O in the flue gas was calculated based on popeties of fuels shown in Table 1. Fo 103

4 Sz. Ciukaj, M. Ponobis, Chem. Pocess Eng., 2013, 34 (1), WSS the 50% shae was omitted, because fuel of such a composition cannot be combusted autothemally. Additionally, fo the sewage sludge shae Z D = 1.0% was investigated due to the fact that accoding to EU Diective (2000) this is an uppe limit allowed fo co-fiing. Below the limit the same emission standads ae to be kept as fo basic fuel e.g. coal Calculation of wate dew point In ode to estimate the influence of co-fiing fuels listed in Table 1 on the wate dew point level of the flue gas, calculations wee caied out and the esults ae pesented in Figs. 2 and 3. A wate vapou satuation tempeatue fo a given patial pessue was calculated fom Antoine equation (Ivine and Lilley, 1980). It was assumed that flue gas composition coesponds to that, which is typically obseved fo boile outlet, e.g. O 2 = 4.0%. The esults shown in the figues indicate that when changing coal popeties, the vaiations in dew point t w ae limited to 4 K. An addition of biomass pactically always inceases the dew point. Usually, when ealistic biomass amounts ae co-fied, the dew point incease does not exceed 8 K. Only when co-fiing wet sewage sludge, t w is shifted much moe, when it is accompanied by lowe sulphuic acid concentations being the esult of its dilution in a huge flue gas steam. Thee ae biomasses (e.g. DDGS) which pactically do not incease t w, and whee sulphu content in the fuel in compaison to that in coal does not decease. Based on the data pesented in Figs. 2 and 3 a dependence t w = f( W Σ ) was elaboated and shown in Fig. 4. The calculations wee caied out using the polynomial egession model with assumed confidence level 95 %. The diagam depicts that despite significant diffeences in the chaacteistics of coal and these of additional fuels, the wate dew point can be descibed by a function given with the accuacy, which shall be satisfactoy fo engineeing puposes. t Fig. 2. Calculated wate dew points while co-fiing biomasses with coal A It can be seen that a bette fitting is obtained fo highe than fo lowe moistue content. It is clea that the total moistue content in the flue gas diectly detemines the level of the dew point tempeatue. Howeve, the amount of moistue is not only dependent on wate content in the fuel but also on the amount of hydogen in the fuel and moistue in the ai led to the combustion. Fo the accuate wate dew point detemination the total moistue content in the flue gas should be measued. In case of utility 104

5 Dew point of the flue gas of boiles co-fiing biomass with coal boiles, calculations based on the moistue content in the fuel give a satisfactoy accuacy of detemining the wate dew point. Fig. 3. Calculated wate dew points while co-fiing biomasses with coal B Fig. 4. A dependence of wate dew point vesus moistue content of fuel mixtue when co-fiing coal and biomass (the lines depict bodes of confidence intevals) 2.4. Acid dew point Fo estimation of an acid dew point fo co-fiing, the investigations epoted in (Ponobis, 2002) wee used. The esults of these investigations ae shown in Fig. 5, which depicts the diffeences between the measued acid dew point and the calculated wate dew point t = t - t w in elation to sulphu content in coal. Fig. 5 shows that the measued tempeatues of acid dew points at the boile outlet (downsteam ai heate) wee only slightly highe than those calculated fo wate dew points. The diffeence between t and t w do not exceed 10 K. Chemical analyses of the fly ashes poved that fo all the cases the alkali compounds wee pesent in the quantities sufficient fo neutalisation of sulphuic acid in the flue gas. 105

6 Sz. Ciukaj, M. Ponobis, Chem. Pocess Eng., 2013, 34 (1), The sulphates pesent in the ash ( %) might be the poducts of this neutalisation. It was even moe evident when analysing the atio of fee CaO to H2SO4, which was an ode highe than the stoichiometic one. Fig. 5. The diffeence between acid and wate dew points in the flue gas of boiles in vaious Polish and Czech powe plants; dak maks denote measuements taken upsteam ai heate The investigations caied out upsteam the RAH point out that t in that egion may be significantly highe than downsteam ai heate. This poves that conditions in RAH pomote self-desulphuisation of the flue gas. Nevetheless, upsteam RAH the acid dew point was often only slightly highe than the wate dew point. The phenomenon obseved poves that in moden pulveised-fuel, low-emission boiles, the isk of coosion of flue gas ducts is geatly educed. Consequently, a low level of acid dew point allows fo lowe tempeatues of the flue gases to be used at boile outlet. 3. DISCUSSION As pesented ealie, co-fiing of some sots of biomasses contibutes to inceased steams of sulphu being fed to the funace. It does not mean that the sulphu pecentage in the fuel mix must also incease. As an example the WSS can be pointed out. Its co-fiing inceases the sulphu steam many times, deceasing simultaneously S Σ Figs. 2 and 3. Even in cases when an incease of S Σ is obseved (DSS, DDGS), the esulting values of sulphu content do not exceed in sevee degee the S values fo Polish coals. Wet woody biomasses, although they incease t w when co-fied, do not contibute to significant diffeences between acid and wate dew points due to thei low sulphu content. In such cicumstances, the acid dew point may even be lowe than that noted fo coal. Additionally, the wood ash consists mainly of CaO (Ponobis, 2002) impoving the flue gas desulphuisation. The only poblematic fuels ae fom this point of view DSS and WSS. The sulphu contents in othe biomasses listed in Table 1 do not diffe significantly fom those noted fo Polish coals. Theefoe, it is justified to assume that the acid dew point suplus ove the wate dew point is not likely to exceed 10 K when co-fiing biomass. 106

7 Dew point of the flue gas of boiles co-fiing biomass with coal 4. CONCLUDING REMARKS A significantly highe wate dew point is noted fo co-fiing of wet biomass with coal. This can be a paticulaly poblematic issue fo boiles not equipped with steam ai heates. Theefoe, it is ecommended that befoe a decision is taken on co-fiing of wet and high-sulphu biomasses, an appopiate installation peventing a tempeatue dop at the ai heate inlet is built. It is ecommended to avoid high moistue content coals when co-fiing biomass. An additional theat shall be associated with the pesence of substances catalysing fomation of SO 3. They can be fed into a boile when heavy oils ae used fo stat-up o flame suppot. These oils contain V 2 O 5, which then deposits on heating sufaces and contibutes to the incease of diffeence between wate and acid dew points. The above pesented consideations may lead to the conclusion that biomass co-fiing can eithe limit low-tempeatue coosion due to usually low sulphu content of biomasses, o incease it (due to an incease in wate dew point level when wet biomass is used, o due to inceased sulphu steams fed into boile with high sulphu biomasses). Theefoe, fo estimation of actual coosion isk it is mandatoy to cay out dew point measuements fo given opeating conditions. Fom last ow of Table 2 it can be seen that the values of S equiv ae in most cases lowe than 1 - only the co-fiing of DSS and WSS leads to inceased SO 2 emissions. SYMBOLS A ash content, % Q i lowe heating value, kj/kg S_equiv equivalent sulphu content (Equation 1) min t fg _ out lowest acceptable flue gas outlet tempeatue, o C t acid dew point of the flue gas, o C t w wate dew point of the flue gas, o C W moistue content, % t W_equiv equivalent moistue of biomass (Equation 1) [H 2 O] concentation of H 2 O in the flue gas, % YD biomass co-fiing pecentage (mass base), % ZD biomass co-fiing pecentage (enegy base), % Abbeviations BCT biomass fom conifeous tees DDGS died distilles gains with solubles DSS dy sewage sludge RAH otay ai heate RG ape gains WC wood chips WSS wet sewage sludge WW waste wood Subscipts C Bio coal biomass 107

8 Sz. Ciukaj, M. Ponobis, Chem. Pocess Eng., 2013, 34 (1), Supescipts as-eceived state Geek symbols Σ mixed fuel REFERENCES Decee of the Ministe of Economy, Decee of the Ministe Economy of 18 Octobe 2012 on the detailed ange of the duties in obtaining and submitting fo cancellation the cetificates of the oigin, payment of supplementay fae and the puchase of electic enegy and heat poduced in enewable enegy souces, and to confim the data on the amount of electicity geneated fom enewable enegy souces. Dz.U. 2012, poz. 1229, available at: Deichs W., Menden W., Ebel P.K., Messungen zu Bestimmung des Säuetaupunktes und de SO3 - Konzentation im Rauchgas von Kaftwekskesseln. VGB Kaftwekstechnik, 71, EU Diective, Diective 2000/76/EC of the Euopean Paliament and of the Council of 4 Decembe 2000 on the incineation of waste. Official Jounal of the Euopean Communities, L332/91-L332/111, available at: iective_2000_76.pdf. EU Diective, Diective 2001/77/EC of the Euopean Paliament and of the Council of 27 Septembe 2001 on the pomotion of electicity poduced fom enewable enegy souces in the intenal electicity maket. Official Jounal of the Euopean Communities, L283/33 - L283/40, available at: EU Diective, Diective 2003/87/EC of the Euopean Paliament and of the Council of 13 Octobe 2003 establishing a scheme fo geenhouse gas emission allowance tading within the Community and amending Council Diective 96/61/EC. Official Jounal of the Euopean Union, L275/32 - L275/46, available at: IChPC, Investigation of popeties of bioethanol poduction by-poduct. Institute fo Chemical Pocessing of Coal, Zabze, Poland. Ivine T.F., Liley P.E., Micocompute pogam fo the themodynamic popeties of steam. Rumfod, Chicago. Nowaczyk M., Sewage sludge co-fiing technologies in the enegy secto. MSci Thesis (Unde the supevision of M. Ponobis). Silesian Univesity of Technology, Poland (in Polish). Ponobis M., Modenisation of steam geneatos. WNT Waszawa, (in Polish). Wandasz J. W., Kozioł M., Landat M., Ścieski W., Wandasz A. J., Possibility of co-fiing sludge deived fom sewage teatment plants with coal in stoke-fied boiles. Gospodaka Paliwami i Enegią, 8 (in Polish). Wandasz J. W., Wandasz A. J., Fuel fomation - Biofuels and fuels fom wastes in themal pocesses. Seidel-Pzywecki, Waszawa (in Polish). Received 12 June 2012 Received in evised fom 05 July 2012 Accepted 15 Januay

Investigation of a Dual-Bed Autothermal Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production

Investigation of a Dual-Bed Autothermal Reforming of Methane for Hydrogen Production Investigation of a Dual-Bed Autothemal Refoming of Methane fo Hydogen Poduction Amonchai Aponwichanop *, Manatsanan Wasuleewan, Yaneepon Patchaavoachot, and Suttichai Assabumungat Depatment of Chemical

More information

Water Management of Heat Pump System for Hot Water Supply in a Medium Size Hospital

Water Management of Heat Pump System for Hot Water Supply in a Medium Size Hospital Wate Management of Heat Pump System fo Hot Wate Supply in a Medium Size Hospital Chih-Chiu Shen, Jau-Huai Lu, and Wu-Hui Chuo Abstact A heat pump system has been used in this study to eplace a natual gas

More information

Out-of-Merit-Order Dispatch

Out-of-Merit-Order Dispatch Out-of-Meit-Ode Dispatch A Maket Cleaing Engine Co-Optimisation Study By Lu Feiyu Senio Maket Analyst Oiginal Publication Date: Januay 2005 A Maket Cleaing Engine Co-Optimisation Study About the Autho

More information

Theoretical Investigation on Condensing Characteristics of Air and Oil Vapor Mixtures

Theoretical Investigation on Condensing Characteristics of Air and Oil Vapor Mixtures Pudue Univesity Pudue e-pubs Intenational Refigeation and Ai Conditioning Confeence School of Mechanical Engineeing 2008 Theoetical Investigation on Condensing Chaacteistics of Ai and Oil Vapo Mixtues

More information

Inventory Strategy of Dual-Channel Supply Chain from Manufacturer's Perspective

Inventory Strategy of Dual-Channel Supply Chain from Manufacturer's Perspective Intenational Jounal of Management and Fuzzy Systems 2018; 4(2): 29-34 http://www.sciencepublishinggoup.com/j/ijmfs doi: 10.11648/j.ijmfs.20180402.14 ISSN: 2575-4939 (Pint); ISSN: 2575-4947 (Online) Inventoy

More information

Concentric Induction Heating for Dismantlable Adhesion Method

Concentric Induction Heating for Dismantlable Adhesion Method Concentic Induction Heating fo Dismantlable Adhesion Method Keywods «Induction heating», «Inteio constuction», «High fequency invete», «Allove method», «Dismantleable adhesion» Abstact A dismantlable (=dismantle-able)

More information

Numerical Analysis of Current Attachment at Thermionic Cathode for Gas Tungsten Arc at Atmospheric Pressure

Numerical Analysis of Current Attachment at Thermionic Cathode for Gas Tungsten Arc at Atmospheric Pressure Tansactions of JWRI, Vol.38 (2009), No. 1 Numeical Analysis of Cuent Attachment at Themionic Cathode fo Gas Tungsten Ac at Atmospheic Pessue YAMAMOTO Kentao*, TASHIRO Shinichi** and TANAKA Manabu*** Abstact

More information

Performances Assessment of Natural Refrigerants as Substitutes to CFC and HCFC in Hot Climate

Performances Assessment of Natural Refrigerants as Substitutes to CFC and HCFC in Hot Climate Int. J. of Themal & Envionmental Engineeing Volume, No. 2 (2) 25- efomances Assessment of Natual Refigeants as Substitutes to CFC and HCFC in Hot Climate M. Boumaza * Depatment of Chemical Engineeing,

More information

The Research of Risk Management in Two Non-Independent IT System

The Research of Risk Management in Two Non-Independent IT System J. Sevice Science & Management, 00, 3, 8-85 doi:0.436/jssm.00.30 Published Online June 00 (http://www.scirp.og/jounal/jssm) 8 The Reseach of Risk Management in Two Non-Independent IT System Zhe in,, unfei

More information

The impact of velocity on thermal energy storage performance of tube type thermocline tank

The impact of velocity on thermal energy storage performance of tube type thermocline tank Available online www.jocp.com Jounal of Chemical and Phamaceutical Reseach, 2014, 6(6):1620-1624 Reseach Aticle ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 The impact of velocity on themal enegy stoage pefomance

More information

INTERNAL FRICTION AND MAGNETIC LOSSES IN CoPt ALLOY DURING PHASE TRANSITION

INTERNAL FRICTION AND MAGNETIC LOSSES IN CoPt ALLOY DURING PHASE TRANSITION INTERNAL FRICTION AND MAGNETIC LOSSES IN CoPt ALLOY DURING PHASE TRANSITION E. KLUGMANN, Depatment of Solid - State Electonics, Technical Univesity of Gdansk, Poland B. SOVILJ, Faculty of Technical Sciences,

More information

machine design, Vol.6(2014) No.3, ISSN pp

machine design, Vol.6(2014) No.3, ISSN pp machine design, Vol.6(2014) No.3, ISSN 1821-1259 pp. 85-90 CALCULATION OF RADIAL STIFFNESS FOR SINGLE-ROW BALL BEARING WITH FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Ivana ATANASOVSKA 1 * - Radivoje MITROVIC 2 - Sonja STEFANOVIC

More information

Optimal Pricing under The Consumer Segmentation in Dual Channel Supply Chain

Optimal Pricing under The Consumer Segmentation in Dual Channel Supply Chain Intenational Confeence on Engineeing Management, Engineeing Education and Infomation Technology (EMEEIT 015) Optimal Picing unde The Consume Segmentation in Dual Channel Supply Chain Xiaoyu Zhu1, a *,

More information

PV panel - wind turbine hybrid system modelling

PV panel - wind turbine hybrid system modelling 017 1st Intenational onfeence on ontol Systems and ompute Science PV panel - wind tubine hybid system modelling Mihaela Puianu 1, Ramona-Oana Flangea, Nicoleta Aghia 1, Segiu Stelian Iliescu 1 1 Dept.

More information

Thermodynamics of Sulfur in Carbon Saturated Liquid Ferro-alloys Containing Ni, Mo and V at K

Thermodynamics of Sulfur in Carbon Saturated Liquid Ferro-alloys Containing Ni, Mo and V at K IIJ Intenational, Vol. 58 (08, IIJ Intenational, No. 3 Vol. 58 (08, No. 3, pp. 408 44 Themodynamics of ulfu in Cabon atuated Liquid Feo-alloys Containing Ni, Mo and V at 873 K Do-Hyeong KIM, eung-yeon

More information

A Note on Void Ratio of Fibre-Reinforced Soils

A Note on Void Ratio of Fibre-Reinforced Soils TECHNICAL NOTE A Note on oid Ratio of Fibe-Reinfoced Soils Sanjay Kuma Shukla 1 Mohamed A. Shahin *2 Hazim Abu-Taleb 3 Abstact This technical note extends the concept of void atio, pesented taditionally

More information

Parametric Investigation of a Downdraft Gasifier Using Numerical Modelling for Different Biomass Materials in Myanmar

Parametric Investigation of a Downdraft Gasifier Using Numerical Modelling for Different Biomass Materials in Myanmar S. Han, M. M. Oo, and T. M. Htike / GMSAN Intenational Jounal 1 (018) 17-13 Paametic Investigation of a Downdaft Gasifie Using Numeical Modelling fo Diffeent Biomass Mateials in Myanma Sithu Han *, Mya

More information

Optimization of the Brass Melting

Optimization of the Brass Melting ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.2478/afe-2014-0051 Published quately as the ogan of the Foundy Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 14 Issue 3/2014 5 10 Optimization

More information

THE EFFECT OF SHEAR STRENGTH NORMALISATION ON THE RESPONSE OF PILES IN LATERALLY SPREADING SOILS

THE EFFECT OF SHEAR STRENGTH NORMALISATION ON THE RESPONSE OF PILES IN LATERALLY SPREADING SOILS Eathquake Geotechnical Engineeing Satellite Confeence XVIIth Intenational Confeence on Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineeing 2-3.. 29, Alexandia, Egypt THE EFFECT OF SHEAR STRENGTH NORMALISATION ON

More information

ScienceDirect. Measuring solid liquid interfacial energy by grain boundary groove profile method (GBG)

ScienceDirect. Measuring solid liquid interfacial energy by grain boundary groove profile method (GBG) Available online at www.sciencediect.com ScienceDiect Mateials Today: Poceedings 2S (215 ) S36 S313 Joint 3d UK-China Steel Reseach Foum & 15th CMA-UK Confeence on Mateials Science and Engineeing Measuing

More information

Annual Review APPLICATIONS AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF MINIMUM SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE-BASED CRITERION TESTING IN A TOXICITY TESTING PROGRAM

Annual Review APPLICATIONS AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF MINIMUM SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE-BASED CRITERION TESTING IN A TOXICITY TESTING PROGRAM Envionmental Toxicology and Chemisty, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 113 117, 000 Pinted in the USA 07-78/00 $9.00.00 Annual Review APPLICATIONS AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF MINIMUM SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE-BASED

More information

Oregon and Washington). The second major study used for this report is "Parks and Recreation Information

Oregon and Washington). The second major study used for this report is Parks and Recreation Information Chapte 2 AN ECONOMIC ESTIMATE FOR SPORTFISHING ON SAN FRANCISCO BAY Jennife Cohen Intoduction San Fancisco Bay is a valuable esouce because it povides people with eceational and aesthetic pleasue, sustains

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF FILLER METALS CONSUMPTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF WELDED STEEL STRUCTURES

OPTIMIZATION OF FILLER METALS CONSUMPTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF WELDED STEEL STRUCTURES DOI: 10.1515/adms 016 0003 K. Pańcikiewicz, L. Tuz, Z. Żuek, Ł. Rakoczy AGH Univesity of Science and Technology in Kakow, Faculty Metals Engineeing and Industial Compute Science, Depatment of Physical

More information

The 23 rd. Corresponding author: Tel ,

The 23 rd. Corresponding author: Tel , The 3 d Confeence of the Mechanical Engineeing Netwok of Thailand Novembe 4 7, 009, Chiang Mai Eos Compaison of aious Flow elocity Convesion Methods fo Tubulent Flow in Cicula Pipe Khajonsak Jeenkhajon

More information

Emad Alhseinat and Roya Sheikholeslami

Emad Alhseinat and Roya Sheikholeslami An Application fo New Reliable Appoach to Pedict the Onset of Baite, Celestite and Gypsum Scaling duing Revese Osmosis Teatment fo Poduced Wate Emad Alhseinat and Roya Sheikholeslami Abstact Revese osmosis

More information

ASSESSMENT OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES BASED ON R6 PROCEDURE

ASSESSMENT OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES BASED ON R6 PROCEDURE DOI: 10.2478/adms-2013-0017 P. G. ossakowski ielce Univesit of Technolog, Facult of Civil Engineeing and Achitectue, Chai of Stength of Mateials and Concete Stuctues, Tsiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314

More information

DECARBURIZATION OF FERROCHROME AND HIGH ALLOY STEELS WITH OPTIMIZED GAS AND SLAG PHASES TOWARDS IMPROVED Cr RETENTION

DECARBURIZATION OF FERROCHROME AND HIGH ALLOY STEELS WITH OPTIMIZED GAS AND SLAG PHASES TOWARDS IMPROVED Cr RETENTION J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall. 49 (2) B (213) 175-181 Jounal of Mining Metallugy Section B: Metallugy DEARBURIZATION OF FERROHROME AND HIGH ALLOY STEELS WITH OPTIMIZED GAS AND SLAG PHASES TOWARDS IMPROVED

More information

Analysis of Electric Stress in High Voltage Cables Containing Voids

Analysis of Electric Stress in High Voltage Cables Containing Voids Analysis of Electic Stess in High Voltage Cables Containing s Pashant S. Patel M.E. Electical (Powe System), Electical Engg. Dept. Paul Institute of Engg.and Tech., Limda, Waghodia Vial S. Chaudhai Assistant

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 122 (2015 )

Available online at   ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 122 (2015 ) Available online at www.sciencediect.com ScienceDiect Pocedia Engineeing 122 (2015 ) 151 157 Opeational Reseach in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineeing - meeting of EURO woking goup and 15th Geman-Lithuanian-Polish

More information

GHG Emissions Reduction by Improving Efficiency of Utilities Transport and Use and Cross-Sectorial Energy Integration

GHG Emissions Reduction by Improving Efficiency of Utilities Transport and Use and Cross-Sectorial Energy Integration 19 A publication of CHMICAL NGINRING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 63, 2018 Guest ditos: Jeng Shiun Lim, Wai Shin Ho, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyight 2018, AIDIC Sevizi S..l. ISBN 978-88-95608-61-7; ISSN 2283-9216 The Italian

More information

Phd Program in Transportation. Transport Demand Modeling

Phd Program in Transportation. Transport Demand Modeling Phd Pogam in Tanspotation Tanspot Demand Modeling João de Abeu e Silva Facto Analysis Phd in Tanspotation / Tanspot Demand Modelling 1/38 Facto Analysis Definition and Pupose Exploatoy technique aimed

More information

CYCLIC TRIAXIAL TESTING OF FULLY AND PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL AT SILCHAR

CYCLIC TRIAXIAL TESTING OF FULLY AND PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL AT SILCHAR 4 th Intenational Confeence on Eathquake Geotechnical Engineeing June 25-28, 27 Pape No. 1194 CYCLIC TRIAXIAL TESTING OF FULLY AND PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL AT SILCHAR Sanjay PAUL 1, Ashim Kanti DEY 2 ABSTRACT

More information

( τα ) = Product of transmittance and absorptance

( τα ) = Product of transmittance and absorptance Poceedings of the 010 Intenational Confeence on Industial Engineeing and Opeations Management Dhaka, Bangladesh, Januay 9 10, 010 Design of a Diect Gain Passive Sola Heating System Md. Tanbiuj Jaman, Md.

More information

ABSTRACT. Professor Ashwani K. Gupta Department of Mechanical Engineering

ABSTRACT. Professor Ashwani K. Gupta Department of Mechanical Engineering ABSTRACT Title of Document: HIGH TEMPERATURE STEAM GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTES: CHARACTERISTICS AND KINETICS Islam Ahmed Gomaa, Docto of Philosophy, Diected by: Pofesso Ashwani K. Gupta Depatment of Mechanical

More information

CONICAL PIPE ENVELOPE FORMATION PROCESS

CONICAL PIPE ENVELOPE FORMATION PROCESS Pofesso Fydeyk Knap D Robet Kuzel, Eng. Czestochowa Technical Univesity Poland CONICAL PIPE ENVELOPE FORMATION PROCESS Abstact Conical pipes belong to a goup of economical pofiles which find boad application

More information

SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSISTANT, 7866 SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSOCIATE, 7870 SANITARY ENGINEER, 7872

SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSISTANT, 7866 SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSOCIATE, 7870 SANITARY ENGINEER, 7872 8-8-86 SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSISTANT, 7866 SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSOCIATE, 7870 SANITARY ENGINEER, 7872 Summay of Duties : Pefoms pofessional sanitay and envionmental engineeing wok in connection with

More information

Self-assessment for the SEPA-compliance of infrastructures

Self-assessment for the SEPA-compliance of infrastructures Self-assessment fo the SEPA-compliance of infastuctues Based on Tems of Refeence established by the Euopean Cental Bank as published in the 5 th Pogess Repot of SEPA (July 2007) and available on the website

More information

THE VALUE OF GRID-SUPPORT PHOTOVOLTAICS IN PROVIDING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VOLTAGE SUPPORT 2. OBJECTIVE

THE VALUE OF GRID-SUPPORT PHOTOVOLTAICS IN PROVIDING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VOLTAGE SUPPORT 2. OBJECTIVE THE VALUE OF GRID-SUPPORT PHOTOVOLTAICS IN PROVIDING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VOLTAGE SUPPORT T. Hoff and H. J. Wenge Pacific Enegy Goup Walnut Ceek, Califonia USA B. K. Fame Pacific Gas and Electic Company

More information

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF PLANNING ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND CO 2 MITIGATION STRATEGIES INCLUDING ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL RISK

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF PLANNING ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND CO 2 MITIGATION STRATEGIES INCLUDING ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL RISK MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF PLANNING ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND CO 2 MITIGATION STRATEGIES INCLUDING ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL RISK Jee-Hoon Han and In-Beum Lee * Depatment of Chemical Engineeing POSTECH

More information

Analysis of the impact of modification of cold crucible design on the efficiency of the cold crucible induction furnace

Analysis of the impact of modification of cold crucible design on the efficiency of the cold crucible induction furnace IOP Confeence Seies: Mateials Science and Engineeing PPER OPEN CCESS nalysis of the impact of modification of cold cucible design on the efficiency of the cold cucible induction funace To cite this aticle:

More information

SIMILARITY SOLUTION ON UNSTEADY AXI-SYMMETRIC VISCOUS BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW

SIMILARITY SOLUTION ON UNSTEADY AXI-SYMMETRIC VISCOUS BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW SIMILARITY SOLUTION ON UNSTEADY AXI-SYMMETRIC VISCOUS BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW *P. Sulochana Depatment of Mathematics, Intell Engineeing College, Ananthapuamu *Autho fo Coespondence ABSTRACT In this pape, we

More information

Solar in Wetlands. Photo credit: a k e.org/blog/2012/08/15mw solar field near philadelphia.html

Solar in Wetlands. Photo credit:  a k e.org/blog/2012/08/15mw solar field near philadelphia.html Sola in Wetlands Photo cedit: http://www.l a k e.og/blog/2012/08/15mw sola field nea philadelphia.html Ceated by: Jessica son Isabel Molina Allie Ziegle Sam Zuckeman Patnes: Vemont Depatment of Envionmental

More information

The Prediction of Nominal and Off-design Characteristics of Economised Vapour Injection Scroll Compressor-driven Heat Pump

The Prediction of Nominal and Off-design Characteristics of Economised Vapour Injection Scroll Compressor-driven Heat Pump Te Pediction of Nominal and Off-design Caacteistics of Economised Vapou Injection Scoll Compesso-diven Heat Pump Min Q. Nguyen 1* and Neil J. Heitt 2 1 College of Tecnology, Univesity of Danang, Danang

More information

Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite

Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite Asian Jounal of hemisty; Vol., No. 1 (1), 9-7 http://dx.doi.og/1.1/ajchem.1.15 Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of atalytic Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite SHAOPENG GUO 1, JIAHUA WANG, XIN HEN, JIA ZHANG

More information

Numerical Investigation on Counter Flow Injection of Waste Gas into Thermal Plasma Jet

Numerical Investigation on Counter Flow Injection of Waste Gas into Thermal Plasma Jet 68 Intenational Jounal of Plasma Envionmental Science & Technology, Vol 6, No 1, MARCH 01 Numeical Investigation on Counte Flow Injection of Waste Gas into Themal Plasma Jet S Choi 1, K-S Choi, D-W Pak

More information

Accuracy of Disk Method to Predict Roll Residual Stress by Measuring the Sliced Disk Stress

Accuracy of Disk Method to Predict Roll Residual Stress by Measuring the Sliced Disk Stress ISIJ Intenational, Vol. 57 (2017), ISIJ Intenational, No. 8 Vol. 57 (2017), No. 8, pp. 1433 1441 Accuacy of Disk Method to Pedict Roll Residual Stess by Measuing the Sliced Disk Stess Nao-Aki NODA,* Kejun

More information

INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS

INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS Chapte 2 INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS 1. INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS A substance which poduces heat is called a fuel. The heat may be poduced eithe by combustion o by nuclea fission

More information

Analysis of the Internal Pressure in Tube Hydroforming and Its Experimental Investigation

Analysis of the Internal Pressure in Tube Hydroforming and Its Experimental Investigation 84 J. Mate. Sci. Technol., Vol. No., 006 Analysis of the Intenal Pessue in Tube Hydofoming and Its Expeimental Investigation Hongyang LI 1), Zhongen, WANG ), Qibin MIAO ), Shijian YUAN ) and Xiaosong WANG

More information

A New Method for Dynamic Control of a Hybrid System Consisting of Fuel Cell and Battery

A New Method for Dynamic Control of a Hybrid System Consisting of Fuel Cell and Battery Intenational Jounal of Enegy and Powe (IJEP) Volume Issue 3, August 013 www.ijep.og A New Method fo Dynamic Contol of a Hybid System Consisting of Fuel Cell and Battey Behooz Ghahemani *1, Saed Abazai,

More information

NEW BACKFILLING MATERIAL FOR UNDERGROUND POWER CABLE

NEW BACKFILLING MATERIAL FOR UNDERGROUND POWER CABLE NEW BACKFILLING MATERIAL FOR UNDERGROUND POWER CABLE Abdul Hamid ELBAKLY Alexandia Electicity Distibution Company - Egypt Mail tolls @ global net. com. eg ABSTRACT Cuent caying capacity [C.C.C.] of undegound

More information

Production Planning under Hierarchical Workforce Environment

Production Planning under Hierarchical Workforce Environment , July 2-4, 2014, London, U.K. Poduction Planning unde Hieachical Wokfoce Envionment Sujan Piya, Nas Al-Hinai Abstact In a make-to-ode system, odes ae scheduled fo poduction based on the ageed due date

More information

Production Policies of Perishable Product and Raw Materials

Production Policies of Perishable Product and Raw Materials Poduction Policies of Peishable Poduct and Raw Mateials Yu-Hsuan Lin, Jei-Zheng Wu, and Jinshyang Roan Depatment of Business Administation, Soochow Univesity 56, Section, Kuei-yang Steet, aipei 0048, aiwan,

More information

Predicting future changes in climate and evaporation by a stepwise regression method

Predicting future changes in climate and evaporation by a stepwise regression method Sustainability of Wate Resouces unde Inceasing Uncetainty (Poceedings of the Rabat Symposium S1, Apil 1997). IAHS Publ. no. 24, 1997. 339 Pedicting futue changes in climate and evapoation by a stepwise

More information

Study of seepage for small homogeneous earth dams

Study of seepage for small homogeneous earth dams Study of seepage fo small homogeneous eath dams Maius Lucian Botos Abstact Constucted in ode to egulate the wate level in one section of a ive, dams, egadless of thei type, ae subjected to the pemanent

More information

A Research on The Basic Theories of Systematic Risk Transmission in Enterprise Value Chain

A Research on The Basic Theories of Systematic Risk Transmission in Enterprise Value Chain Reseach on The Basic Theoies of Systematic Risk Tansmission in Entepise Value Chain Deng Mingan Jin Daoming (School of Management, Wuhan Univesity of Technology, Hubei Povince, P.R.China, 430070) (E-mail:

More information

Demulsification of Water-in-Oil Emulsions by Microwave Heating Technology

Demulsification of Water-in-Oil Emulsions by Microwave Heating Technology Wold Academy of Science, Engineeing and Technology Intenational Jounal of Chemical and Molecula Engineeing Demulsification of Wate-in-Oil Emulsions by Micowave Heating Technology Abduahman H. Nou, Rosli

More information

Application of Induction Machine in Wind Power Generation System

Application of Induction Machine in Wind Power Generation System Intenational Jounal of Applied Infomation Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : 49-0868 nd National Confeence on Innovative Paadigms in Engineeing & Technology (NCIPET 013) www.ijais.og Application of Induction Machine

More information

ACCEPTED VERSION. Published version available via DOI:

ACCEPTED VERSION. Published version available via DOI: ACCEPTED VERSION Jinzhe Gong, Mak L Stephens, Nicole S Abon, Aaon C Zecchin, Matin F Lambet, and Angus R Simpson On-site non-invasive condition assessment fo cement mota-lined metallic pipelines by time-domain

More information

Developing the PAGE2002 model with Endogenous Technical Change

Developing the PAGE2002 model with Endogenous Technical Change Developing the PAGE2002 model with Endogenous Technical Change Stephan Albeth 1 & Chis Hope 2 The Judge Business School, Univesity of Cambidge ABSTRACT. Pesented eseach demonstates the inclusion of endogenous

More information

Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(6): Research Article

Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(6): Research Article Available online www.jocp.com Jounal of Chemical and Phamaceutical Reseach, 014, 6(6):854-859 Reseach Aticle ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(SA) : JCPRC5 Pefomance evaluation of phamaceutical entepise human esouces

More information

Proposed heat treatment conditions to improve toughness of steel grinding balls

Proposed heat treatment conditions to improve toughness of steel grinding balls Poposed heat teatment conditions to impove toughness of steel ginding balls C. Camui, C. Caasco, O. Zapata-Henández, L. Reyes, R. Colás, N. Gaza Montes de Oca Following standad heat teatment, steel ginding

More information

Suleiman O. Agboola, Dulu Appah and Oriji A. Boniface

Suleiman O. Agboola, Dulu Appah and Oriji A. Boniface Intenational Jounal of Scientific & Engineeing Reseach, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016 604 A Compaative analysis of pessue Gadient Models fo Vetical Multiphase Flow in Poducing Oil Wells in Nige Delta Suleiman

More information

Numerical Simulation of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding in Different Gaseous Atmospheres. Tashiro, Shinichi; Tanaka, Manabu; Ushio, Masao

Numerical Simulation of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding in Different Gaseous Atmospheres. Tashiro, Shinichi; Tanaka, Manabu; Ushio, Masao Title Autho(s) Numeical Simulation of Gas Tungsten Ac Welding in Diffeent Gaseous Atmosphees Tashio, Shinichi; Tanaka, Manabu; Ushio, Masao Citation Tansactions of JWRI. 3() P.1-P.5 Issue Date 5-1 Text

More information

Power Module Installation Notes for TELP Series

Power Module Installation Notes for TELP Series e Powe High Pefomance and Highly Reliable Solution Powe Notes fo TELP1-12662-0.9 Seies The powe module has lage emal expansion. When e module is unning and cycling ove lage tempeatue diffeence, e pope

More information

10.2% 2.5% FY19 to FY21

10.2% 2.5% FY19 to FY21 POWER PRICES FALLING OVERALL RESIDENTIAL FY19 to FY21 10.2% Rising 2.5% FY19 to FY21 GR FY19 to FY21 2.1% PO L Falling CHEME PR NS IC E E Rising ES Falling WIRES P AND RI S E S CE TION PRI CE ERA N E S

More information

PcBn for cast iron Machining

PcBn for cast iron Machining spk competencies FOR CAST IRON MACHINING WITH PCBN tools technology application PcBn fo cast ion Machining CUTTING MATERIALS, TOOL SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR TURNING 2 Machining cast ion mateials The

More information

RETRACTED ARTICLE. The Fuzzy Mathematical Evaluation of New Energy Power Generation Performance. Open Access. Baoling Fang * , p 2

RETRACTED ARTICLE. The Fuzzy Mathematical Evaluation of New Energy Power Generation Performance. Open Access. Baoling Fang * , p 2 Send Odes fo Repints to epints@benthamscience.ae 238 Open Fuels & Enegy Science Jounal, 2015, 8, 238-243 Open Access Fuzzy Mathematical Evaluation of New Enegy Powe Geneation Pefomance Baoling Fang * Weifang

More information

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE TUESDAY, JULY 3, 2012, AT 10:00 A.M. EDT

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE TUESDAY, JULY 3, 2012, AT 10:00 A.M. EDT FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE TUESDAY, JULY 3, 2012, AT 10:00 A.M. EDT Chis Savage o Adiana Stoica M3-2 (12)-5 Manufactuing and Constuction Division CB12-121 (301) 763-4832 Full Repot on Manufactues Shipments,

More information

Fuzzy evaluation to parkour social value research based on AHP improved model

Fuzzy evaluation to parkour social value research based on AHP improved model ISSN : 097-7 Volume 0 Issue BTAIJ, 0(), 0 [0-] Fuzzy evaluation to pakou social value eseach based on AHP impoved model Yulian Guo *, Xiaojun Guo and Xigui Sun Institute of Physical Education, Jilin Univesity,

More information

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Main Grain Producing Area of China

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Main Grain Producing Area of China Distibution and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Main Gain Poducing Aea of China Mei Shan* 1,, Xun Wang 3 1 College of Resouces and Envionment, Shandong Agicultual Univesity, Taian, Shandong

More information

Impact of Fertigation Scheduling on Tomato Yield under Arid Ecosystem Conditions. Yasser E. Arafa, Essam A. Wasif, Magdy T.

Impact of Fertigation Scheduling on Tomato Yield under Arid Ecosystem Conditions. Yasser E. Arafa, Essam A. Wasif, Magdy T. Reseach Jounal of Agicultue and Biological Sciences, 5(): 280-286, 2009 2009, INSInet Publication Impact of Fetigation Scheduling on Tomato Yield unde Aid Ecosystem Conditions 1 2 2 Yasse E. Aafa, Essam

More information

Structure Integrity Assessment of a Windflow Power Plant s Axle

Structure Integrity Assessment of a Windflow Power Plant s Axle Poc. of the 9th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Matheical and Computational Methods in Science and Engineeing, Tinidad and Tobago, Novembe 5-7, 7 74 Stuctue Integity Assessment of a Windflow Powe Plant s Axle N. GUBEJAK

More information

IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCEDURAL BLANKS AT NOSAMS: REFLECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS IN SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ACCELERATOR OPERATION

IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCEDURAL BLANKS AT NOSAMS: REFLECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS IN SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ACCELERATOR OPERATION IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCEDURAL BLANKS AT NOSAMS: REFLECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS IN SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ACCELERATOR OPERATION A. P. McNICHOL A. R. GAGNON E. A. OSBORNE D. L. HU?TON K. F. VON REDEN and R. J.

More information

Surface Water Hydrology

Surface Water Hydrology Suface Wate Hydology Intoduction Wate is a key component in the life cycles of all oganisms because of its ability to dissolve many substances (univesal solvent) and as a cooling agent. It is also an integal

More information

The 3-D finite element analysis of press fitting process in railway wheel-set

The 3-D finite element analysis of press fitting process in railway wheel-set The 3-D finite element analysis of pess fitting pocess in ailway wheel-set Soheil Saabandi 1, Hesam Soleimani, Saeed Mahmoudi 3 1 Institute of Industial and Contol Engineeing, Univesitat Politecnica de

More information

Reporting Checklist for Nature Neuroscience

Reporting Checklist for Nature Neuroscience Coesponding Autho: Manuscipt Numbe: Manuscipt Type: Yuki Oka NNA5991A Aticle Repoting Checklist fo Natue Neuoscience # Main Figues: 7 # Supplementay Figues: # Supplementay Tables: 0 # Supplementay Videos:

More information

Tensile property of thin microcellular PC sheets prepared by compression molding

Tensile property of thin microcellular PC sheets prepared by compression molding express Polyme Lettes Vol.1, No.4 (2007) 217 225 Available online at www.expesspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expesspolymlett.2007.33 Tensile popety o thin micocellula PC sheets pepaed by compession molding

More information

An Energy-Economy Model to Evaluate the Future Energy Demand-Supply System in Indonesia

An Energy-Economy Model to Evaluate the Future Energy Demand-Supply System in Indonesia An Enegy-Economy Model to Evaluate the Futue Enegy Demand-Supply System in Indonesia Maste Thesis Executive Summay Agus Sugiyono 7493627 Moi Laboatoy Industial Administation Depatment Faculty of Science

More information

Estimating Fish Abundance - Mark Recapture Method

Estimating Fish Abundance - Mark Recapture Method Estimating Fish Abundance - Mak Recaptue Method Autho: Doug Lason Gade level: 7 th 9 th (see basic questions) o 10 th 12 th (see advanced questions) Class size: 15 30 Goup size: 3-5 Setting: compute lab

More information

Interindustry Wage Differentials, Technology. Adoption, and Job Polarization

Interindustry Wage Differentials, Technology. Adoption, and Job Polarization Inteindusty Wage Diffeentials, Technology Adoption, and Myungkyu Shim Hee-Seung Yang Abstact Using data on the U.S., we find that high-wage industies in 1980 expeienced (1) moe evident job polaization

More information

Bay Area, is now in agricultural production (see Figures 1 and 2). Oat hay and its fermented derivative,

Bay Area, is now in agricultural production (see Figures 1 and 2). Oat hay and its fermented derivative, - Chapte 2 AGRCULTURE N THE NAPA MARSH AND TS MPACT ON THE NORTH BAY ECONOMY Deboah A. Reagan ntoduction Appoximately one half of the Napa Mash, once one of the lagest wetland systems in the San Fancisco

More information

Indirect Evaporative Cooling: Interaction between Thermal Performance and Room Moisture Balance

Indirect Evaporative Cooling: Interaction between Thermal Performance and Room Moisture Balance Indiect Evapoative Cooling: Inteaction beteen Themal Pefomance and Room Moistue Balance M. Steeman 1, A. Janssens 1, M. De Paepe 2 1 Depatment of Achitectue and Uban Planning, Ghent Univesity - UGent Jozef

More information

Lecture 3 Activated sludge and lagoons

Lecture 3 Activated sludge and lagoons Lectue Activated sludge and lagoons ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS Activated sludge pocess is used duing seconday teatment of wastewate. Activated sludge is a mixtue of bacteia, fungi, potozoa and otifes maintained

More information

Quantifying the First-Flush Phenomenon: Effects of First-Flush on Water Yield and Quality

Quantifying the First-Flush Phenomenon: Effects of First-Flush on Water Yield and Quality Quantifying the Fist-Flush Phenomenon: Eects of Fist-Flush on Wate Yield and Quality D. B. Matinson* and T.H. Thomas** *Depatment of Civil Engineeing, Univesity of Potsmouth, Potland Building, Potland

More information

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2011, AT 10:00 A.M. EST

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2011, AT 10:00 A.M. EST FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2011, AT 10:00 A.M. EST Chis Savage o Adiana Stoica Manufactuing and Constuction Division (301) 763-4832 Full Repot on Manufactues Shipments, Inventoies and Odes

More information

Solutions to Improve the Thermal Protection of the Administrative Building

Solutions to Improve the Thermal Protection of the Administrative Building Solutions to Impove the Themal Potection of the Administative Building Valeiya Kostenko 1,*, Nailya Gafiyatullina 1, Gafu Zulkaneev 1, Aleksand Goshkov 1, Maina Petichenko 1 and Saa Movafagh 2 1 Pete the

More information

Numerical Modeling of Friction Welding Process

Numerical Modeling of Friction Welding Process Numeical Modeling of Fiction Welding Pocess Ali. Moaefadeh Abstact Fiction welding is a solid state joining pocess which can be used to join a numbe of diffeent metals. Fiction welding achieves 100 pe

More information

VIBRATING METAL MELTS SOLUTION COMPACTION WALL CASTINGS

VIBRATING METAL MELTS SOLUTION COMPACTION WALL CASTINGS VIBRATING METAL MELTS SOLUTION COMPACTION WALL CASTINGS I. MĂRGINEAN, B. FLOREA, B.Al. VERDEŞ UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA BUCHAREST ABSTRACT: Compacting casted pats and educing the bliste on the solidification

More information

Effect of Ultrasonic Processing of Molten Metal on Structure Formation and Improvement of Properties of High-Strength AI-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloys

Effect of Ultrasonic Processing of Molten Metal on Structure Formation and Improvement of Properties of High-Strength AI-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloys Advanced Pefomance Mateials, 2, 43-50 (1995) @ 1995 Kluwe Academic Publishes, Boston. Manufactued in The Nethelands. Effect of Ultasonic Pocessing of Molten Metal on Stuctue Fomation and Impovement of

More information

Soil Water Retention Curve and Specific Water Capacity for Three Different-Textured Soils

Soil Water Retention Curve and Specific Water Capacity for Three Different-Textured Soils IOSR Jounal of Agicultue and Veteinay Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: 2319-2380, p-issn: 2319-2372. Volume 11, Issue 9 Ve. II (Septembe 2018), PP 43-49 www.iosjounals.og Soil Wate Retention Cuve and Specific

More information

SCHEDULING FOR YARD CRANES BASED ON TWO-STAGE HYBRID DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

SCHEDULING FOR YARD CRANES BASED ON TWO-STAGE HYBRID DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING TRASPORT ISS 648-442 / eiss 648-3480 208 Volume 33(2): 408 47 doi:0.3846/648442.206.255993 SCHEDULIG FOR YARD CRAES BASED O TWO-STAGE HYBRID DYAMIC PROGRAMMIG Zhan Bian, Qi Xu 2, a Li 3, Zhihong Jin 4

More information

Risk Sharing Under Renewable Portfolio Standards

Risk Sharing Under Renewable Portfolio Standards Risk Saing Unde Renewable Potfolio Standads Becky A. Lafancois PD Candidate, Syacuse Univesity Depatment of Economics 110 Egges Hall, Syacuse, NY 13244 Pone: (401) 595-8820 Email: balafan@sy.edu 1 Intoduction

More information

Fig. 1; Study Area, Source (PPC), Meteorological Stations (Souda and Airport) and Modeling Domain.

Fig. 1; Study Area, Source (PPC), Meteorological Stations (Souda and Airport) and Modeling Domain. ON THE SENSITIVITY OF AERMOD TO SURFACE PARAMETERS UNDER VARIOUS ANEMOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Geoge Kavounis, Despina Deligiogi and Kostas Philippopoulos National and Kapodistian Univesity of Athens, Depatment

More information

Research of Physical Properties of Straw for Building Panels

Research of Physical Properties of Straw for Building Panels Intenational Jounal of Engineeing Science Invention ISSN (Online): 319 6734, ISSN (Pint): 319 676 Volume 6 Issue 5 May 017 PP.09-14 Reseach of Physical Popeties of Staw fo Building Panels Atūas Lebed,

More information

Blind Multi-Channel Estimation of Arterial Input Function in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI

Blind Multi-Channel Estimation of Arterial Input Function in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Blind Multi-Channel Estimation of Ateial Input Function in Dynamic Contast-Enhanced MRI Jiřík R 1,2, Batoš M 2, Standaa M 3, Taxt T 4 1 Institute of Scientific Instuments of the Academy of Sciences of

More information

Stacking Spheres. The dimensions of a tetrahedron. The basic structure of a stack of spheres is a tetrahedron.

Stacking Spheres. The dimensions of a tetrahedron. The basic structure of a stack of spheres is a tetrahedron. Stacking Sphees The dimensions of a tetahedon The basic stuctue of a stack of sphees is a tetahedon. The dimensions of a tetahedon of unit side ae as follows: Now the volume of a pyamid is 1/6 th of the

More information

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH REGARDING PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH REGARDING PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH REGARDING PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PREPARED FOR: PREPARED BY: The Minnesota Depatment of Tanspotation Division of Tanspotation

More information

Preventing Pollution at Hot Mix Asphalt Plants

Preventing Pollution at Hot Mix Asphalt Plants Peventing Pollution at Hot Mix Asphalt Plants A Guide to Envionmental Compliance and Pollution Pevention fo Asphalt Plants in Missoui MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1-800-361-4827 http://www.dn.state.mo.us

More information

Resource manager for an autonomous coordinated team of UAVs

Resource manager for an autonomous coordinated team of UAVs Resouce manage fo an autonomous coodinated team of UAVs James F. Smith III, ThanhVu H. Nguyen Naval Reseach Laboatoy, Code 574, Washington, D.C., 20375-5000 ABSTRACT A ecently developed fuzzy logic esouce

More information