Annual Coal Questionnaire Overview

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1 Annual Coal Questionnaire Overview Energy Statistics Training Paris; October 6-10, 2014 HP Chung & Roman Wisznia Energy Data Centre

2 OVERVIEW 1. The importance of coal 2. IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire 3. Coal classification 4. Coal transformation processes

3 The importance of coal 2 nd source of primary energy 1 st source of electricity generation (40%)

4 Economic advantages The importance of coal Relatively abundant, cheap, and secure Easy to incorporate into economy Driven by developing economies, coal demand is projected to continue to increase in the near future (IEA 2013 Medium-Term Coal Market Report) Environmental concerns: largest CO 2 emission per unit of energy among energy sources Development and deployment of clean coal technologies such as carbon capture and storage and coal-to-liquids

5 4 Tables IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 1: Supply, Transformation, Energy, and Final consumption. Table 2: Imports by origin Table 3: Exports by destination Table 4: Calorific values 17 Products 7 primary products 10 derived products Note: Not all products are coal products, the coal questionnaire includes other solid fossil fuels

6 Coal classification Primary coal classification by physical and chemical characteristics. Generally, the higher the carbon content (quality), the higher the rank Coking coal Anthracite Other bituminous coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Hard Coal Brown Coal Metallurgical Coal Steam Coal

7 Oil shale and oil sands Coal classification Sedimentary rock which contains organic matter in the form of kerogen, a precursor of petroleum Oil shale may be burned directly or processed by heating to extract shale oil Shale oil should be reported in the oil questionnaire Peat Solid fossil fuel, often a precursor to coal, particularly lignite

8 Coal transformation processes Transformation sector: includes fuels used for conversion of energy (coal to electricity) or for the transformation to derived energy products (coke ovens) The largest consumption of coal is in electricity and heat generation There are several transformation processes unique to the coal sector

9 Coal transformation processes Coke ovens Coking coal Coke ovens Coke oven coke Coke oven gas Blast furnace Coal tar Coke oven coke Blast furnace Blast furnace gas Gas works and coal gasification plants Coal and Coal Products Gas works and Coal Gasification plants Gas works gas Gas coke

10 Coal transformation processes Coal liquefaction or coal-to-liquid plants utilize coal to create liquid fuels (diesel, naphtha, etc.). The liquid fuels production must be reported in the Oil questionnaire Patent fuel: manufactured from hard coal fines with binding agent. May have higher calorific value than source coal BKB: or Brown coal briquettes are composite fuel manufactured from brown coal (lignite or subbituminous coal) without binding agent (pressurized) Peat products: products such as peat briquettes derived directly or indirectly from peat

11 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 1: Supply, Transformation, Energy, and Final consumption. Supply Demand Note: Some transformation outputs will be reported in other questionnaires such as electricity, oil, and natural gas.

12 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Fuels transformed into another energy form Input: coking coal Coke oven Output #2: coke oven gas + coal tar Output #1: Coke oven coke Transformation Fuels consumed to support operations Energy industry Own-use

13 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Typical mass yields from coke ovens

14 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Domestic Supply (Inland Consumption) Production + Import - Export - International Marine Bunkers + Stock Changes Gross Consumption Transformation Sector + Energy Sector - Distribution Losses + Final Consumption + Industry Sector + Transport + Other Sectors + Non Energy Uses Domestic Supply - Gross Consumption = Statistical Difference (Inland Consumption)

15 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 2: Imports by origin. Table 3: Exports by destination Why by origin and by destination? Quality of coal and coal products can differ by source (country, region, mine) One way to measure quality of coal is by its energy content or calorific value Table 4: Calorific values

16 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 4: Calorific values

17 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Calorific values of coal products may differ for different flows such as: Production Imports Exports Used in Coke Ovens Used in Blast Furnaces Used in main Activity Plants Used in Industry For Other Uses Domestic supply Statistical difference on an energy basis Total demand

18 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Table Relations within the Coal Questionnaire Natural Gas questionnaire Table 1 Natural Gas Manufactured Gases Total Imports Table 2 Imports by by Origin Oil Oil questionnaire Table 1 Oil Products Derived Coal Liquids Table 1 Supply, Transformation, Energy and and Final Consumption Total Exports Table 3 Exports by by Destination Renewables questionnaire Table 1 Renewables Calorific Values for Major Flows Table 4 Calorific Values Inputs to Gross Electricity and Heat Production Electricity and and Heat questionnaire Table 6a

19 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Data quality checks: Numbers (sums, signs, etc.) Statistical differences Time series Calorific values Transformation efficiency Comparison between tables Physical vs. energy content balance Comparison with other questionnaires

20 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire IEA also publishes quarterly coal data Hard coal and brown coal production Coal trade by trade partner Challenges in timely data collection Your help is always welcome Contact:

21 IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire Additional resources: Energy Data Management Centre IEA Statistics questionnaire information InterEnerStat outcomes (products and flows) IPCC GHG Guidelines (1996 or 2006) ISIC classifications. Rev 4. (UNSD) International Recommendations for Energy Statistics Eurostat Geonomenclature. (ISO codes, etc.) (v 2010)

22 Annual Coal Questionnaire Key points for Exercises The Annual Coal questionnaire: overview Transformation vs. Energy sector Calorific Values Exercises: Exercise on Table 1 Exercise on Efficiencies Exercise on Table 4

23 Annual Coal Questionnaire Tables 17 products

24 Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 1 Supply Transformation Final Consumption Examples : Statisland, kt of Anthracite are produced 2096 kt of Lignite are used in powerplants to generate electricity 100 kt of Coke oven coke are consumed in steel production Quantity Product Flow

25 Annual Coal Questionnaire 78 kt of Anthracite are produced 2096 kt of Lignite are used in powerplants to generate electricity 100 kt of Coke oven coke are consumed in steel production

26 Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 2 and 3 Imports by origin Exports by destination Coking coal 10 Example : Statisland, 2013 Statisland imports 10 kt of Coking coal from Albania through Montenegro Quantity Product Country of origin

27 Annual Coal Questionnaire Table 4 Calorific values Example : Statisland, 2013 The Lignite used in electricity powerplants has a net calorific value of 9000 kj/kg and a gross calorific value of kj/kg Product Flow Calorific value

28 Calorific Value Calorific value : Heat obtained from one unit of the fuel when it is combusted Unit : kj/kg = MJ/tonne, kj/m 3 (gas) Hot steam (non-recoverable energy) 1 kg GCV L H2O vap NCV Usable heat

29 Transformation efficiency : example Example : Coke oven Output #2 : coke oven gas + coal tar 15 TJ (gross) + 1 kt, kj/kg Coke oven Input : coking coal Output #1 : Coke oven coke 10 kt, kj/kg 6 kt, kj/kg Efficiency Total 15*0.9 Output + 1*35 ( net+ energy 6*28 units) = 83% Total Input 10*26 ( net energy units)

30 Table 1: Transformation vs. Energy ( ) Anthracite Coking coal Other bituminous coal Subbituminous coal Lignite Coke oven coke Coal tar Coke oven gas SUPPLY AND TRANSFORMATION SECTOR 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t TJ (gross) A B C D E G I L Indigenous production kt 0 1 kt 0 15 TJ 0 ( ) Transformation Sector 14 Main activity producer electricity plants 15 Main activity producer CHP plants 16 Main activity producer heat plants 17 Autoproducer electricity plants 18 Autoproducer CHP plants 19 Autoproducer heat plants 20 Patent fuel plants (Transformation) 21 Coke ovens (Transformation) kt BKB/PB plants (Transformation) 23 Gas works (Transformation) 24 Blast furnaces (Transformation) 25 Transformation Coal liquefaction plants (Transformation) 26 For blended natural gas Not elsewhere specified (Transformation) 28 ENERGY SECTOR INDUSTRY OWN USE AND FINAL CONSUMPTION Energy industry own use Sector Own use in electricity, CHP and heat plants 30 Coal mines 31 Patent fuel plants (Energy) 32 Coke ovens (Energy) TJ BKB/PB plants (Energy) 34 Gas works (Energy) Energy 35 industry own use Blast furnaces (Energy) 36 Oil refineries 37 Coal liquefaction plants (Energy) 38 Not elsewhere specified (Energy industry own use) 39

31 Coal products : summary Fuel Type Reporting unit Expected calorific value (kj/kg, MJ/ton) GCV estimation Coking coal kt NCV + 5% Anthracite kt NCV + 5% Other bituminous coal kt NCV + 5% Fossil fuels Sub-bituminous coal kt NCV + 5% Lignite kt NCV + 5% Peat kt NCV + 5% Oil Shale kt NCV + 5% Coal tar kt NCV + 5% Patent fuel kt NCV + 5% Coke oven coke kt NCV Derived solid products Gas coke kt NCV + 5% BKB kt NCV + 5% Peat products kt NCV + 5% Gas works gas TJ NCV + 10% Coke oven gas TJ NCV + 10% Manufactured gases Blast furnace gas TJ NCV Other recovered gases TJ NCV

32 Coal questionnaire : check list Do I have a GCV and a NCV for each flow of each solid product reported? Is the data in each table reported in the correct unit? Do the calorific values for each product and flow in table 4 stand within the expected ranges? How do the NCV and GCV compare? What are the efficiencies of the transformation processes? How do they compare with the expected efficiencies? Each flow and solid product must have a corresponding calorific value stored in table 4!? Solid products should be reported in kt, manufactured gases in TJ-gross kt TJ Check against expected ranges table Expected calorific value (kj/kg, MJ/ton) Check against GCV estimation table GCV estimation NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV NCV + 5% NCV + 5% NCV + 5%?

33 Exercises: Exercise1.xls Fill in Table 1 with the given instructions Exercise2.xls Table 1 and Table 4 are given. Follow instructions to calculate either the efficiencies, or the estimated outputs with a fixed efficiency Exercise3.xls Find errors in Table 4 (Calorific values) and explain them

34 Thank you

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