4. If the Earth is to continue to use oil its current rate, what must happen for us to sustain this rate?

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1 CHAPTER 15 Nonrenewable Energy Core Case Study: How Long Will Supplies of Conventional Oil Last? Oil supplies about of the world s energy. When do geologist predict that oil reserves will be 80% depleted? How come we are not sure how many oil reserves the Earth has? 4. If the Earth is to continue to use oil its current rate, what must happen for us to sustain this rate? 15-1: What Major Sources of Energy Do We Use? The provides almost all of the energy that heats the Earth. What types of other indirect solar energy does the sun provide? What is commercial energy? According to figure 15-3, what % of commercial energy use in the US comes from nonrenewable sources? Which countries are the 3 largest use of fossil fuels? Give a brief history of human energy use. Science Focus: Why is the statement It takes energy to get energy so important? What is the first law of thermodynamics? What is the second law of thermodynamics? Define: Net Energy- Explain what a net ratio of 10/8 means. Why is a net energy ratio less than 1 bad? 15-2: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Oil? Source: Petroleum & Crude Oil How is it extracted and processed? Location: Which countries have the largest supply? How Long Will Current Supplies Last? Advantages: Disadvantages: What is the downside to refining oil? From a refining perspective, what is the difference between gasoline & aviation fuel? How are petrochemicals used?

2 Who is OPEC? If oil prices rise, the cost of what other goods will also rise? How much of the US energy comes from fossil fuels? from oil? How much of the world s oil do we (US) use? How much do we produce? According to a poll of 100 foreign policy experts, what is the highest priority of fighting terrorism? For every barrel of oil we extract, how many are left behind? Describe the importance of ANWR? What is oil sand/tar sand and who has a lot of this? What are the chief environmental issues associated with this type of oil production? How is shale oil produced? 15-3: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Gas? What is natural gas? What is LNG and why is it not a good energy alternative? Source: Natural Gas How is it extracted and processed? Location: Which countries have the largest supply? How Long Will Current Supplies Last? Advantages: Disadvantages: What is unconventional natural gas and why is it meeting public opposition? Where is methane hydrate located? What is the major environmental concern with producing methane hydrate? 15-4: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Coal? Source: Coal How is it extracted and processed? Location: Which countries have the largest supply? How Long Will Current Supplies Last? Advantages: Disadvantages:

3 What are the 3 largest coal burning countries in order? Give the percentage breakdown for electricity production by source in the US. List the types of coal from least to greatest energy (heat) content. How is China s coal consumption affecting the environment? Solid coal can be converted into. Advantages: Disadvantages: 15-5: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy? The parts of a nuclear reactor (explain each component s role): Fuel rods: Fuel assemblies: Control rods: Coolant: Containment shell: Water-filled pools & Dry-casks: Label the main parts of a nuclear reactor: List the steps of the nuclear fuel cycle: What countries are large nuclear power users?

4 Why has nuclear power production grown so slowly? Two major nuclear disasters (list place and year) Advantages of Nuclear Disadvantages of Nuclear How long must nuclear waste be stored? Where do we plan to store the radioactive wastes? What are some of the problems with this plan? What are three options for dealing with a worn-out nuclear power plant? What does NIMBY stand for? How many nuclear power plants are in Georgia? CHAPTER 16 Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Core Case Study: Iceland s Vision of a Renewable-Energy Economy Because the Iceland sits on, has 20 active. One type of renewable energy that Iceland runs off of is geothermal energy. Explain this process. Iceland may become the first country to do what? Explain how they will do this. What successes have we had since 2003?

5 16-1: Why is Energy Efficiency an Important Energy Resource? Define: Energy Conservation- Energy Efficiency- % of energy comes from fossil fuels. % of energy is wasted unnecessarily. Less Energy Efficient than US: More Energy Efficient than US: United States List some advantages to reducing energy waste. Describe four widely used devices that waste large amounts of energy: 4. Give an alternative for each of the four devices listed above: 4. How is the net energy efficiency for heating a house determined? 16-2: How Can We Cut Energy Waste? Who is the largest consumer of energy in the manufacturing section and what do they produce? Methods companies used to save energy and money. Describe each. Cogeneration- Replace energy-wasting electric motors. Recycling materials- 4. Change lighting- What is China doing to be a global leader in energy efficiency? How are utility companies contributing to the problem? Why did fuel efficiency for vehicles increase between 1973 and 1985? Why hasn t it increased much since (up to 2008)? Will fuel efficiency increase by 2020? mpg = a fuel efficient vehicle. Toyota Prius Hybrid-Electric gets mpg. Describe the hidden costs of fuel. What should a gallon of gas technically cost? % of US consumers own low fuel efficient SUVs, trucks, and minivans. The government has not given enough to buy fuel efficient vehicles. Describe the idea of Lovin s feebate.

6 Describe how each of these works. Conventional Plug-in Hybrid: Hybrid: Energy Efficient Diesel Car: Electric Car that uses a Fuel Cell: List 3 benefits to switching the US s current cars to highly efficient plug-in hybrids. Science Focus: Batteries are the major obstacle standing in the way of mass marketing plugin hybrids. What are the options? Orienting a building to get more heat from the sun can save % on heating costs. A well insulated and airtight building can save % on heating costs. Describe how the Georgia Power headquarters in Atlanta is energy efficient. Green architecture makes use of: What are living roofs? Why is superinsulation so important? Why would someone want a straw bale house? How are green buildings certified? What makes China s Ministry of Science and Technology a platinum rated building? Describe how each improvement can increase energy efficiency. Insulate and plug leaks: Use energy efficient windows: Stop other heating and cooling losses: Heat water more efficiently: Use energy efficient appliances: Use energy efficient lighting: Incandescent and fluorescent bulbs may soon be replaced with. Looking at the house on pg 409, list 3 things you could do at your house to improve energy efficiency. Why is energy said to be artificially cheap? What does this cause? What are some other reasons why we are still wasting so much energy?

7 Renewable energy includes solar energy and geothermal energy. Describe two things that will happen as a result of shifting to locally available renewable energy. Describe how inequitable subsidies and inaccurate pricing keep nonrenewable energy use high to 16-8: Alternative Energy Sources Description Best Used For Best Locations Advantages Disadvantages Passive Solar Active Solar Solar Thermal Description Best used for Best Location Advantages Disadvantages Solar Cells (PV Cells) Hydroelectric Tidal Power

8 Wind Biofuels Description Best used for Best Location Advantages Disadvantages Geothermal Hydrogen Fuel Cells 16-9: How Can We Make A Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future? List 3 questions to consider when creating energy policy. Our future energy depends on which energy resources. Supply-Side Approach Describe each. Demand-Side Approach Explain the solution diagramed in Figure 16-3 List one solution to transition to a more sustainable energy future from each category in Figure 16-3 What is a big issue associated with centralized power systems? Describe 3 strategies governments can use to dampen the short and long term use of particular energy resources. What has California done to improve energy efficiency?