BOTTOM ASH CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNICUPAL SOLID WASTE AND CONTAINED GLASS RECOVERY
|
|
- Herbert Turner
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BOTTOM ASH CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNICUPAL SOLID WASTE AND CONTAINED GLASS RECOVERY Hugo Tiago Antunes Jardim ABSTRACT Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2015 The MSW incineration is a reality in Portugal since the twenty-first century. Currently, two large industrial facilities are operating in Portugal mainland and a smaller in Madeira. The volume reduction of 90% and mass reduction of 70% turns this waste management model to be preferred for developed countries, but some disadvantages are brought. Bottom ash production is a disadvantage of this process, however its recovery and valorization might present a great environmental and economic potential. This dissertation deals with the glass recovery contained in the incineration bottom ash from the installation of Valorsul, fueled by MSW in Lisbon s region. The study began with a bibliographic search, then by the characterization of bottom ash in particle size and composition. The RecGlass equipment, a dry process used to separate particles with different shape in the size range 4-12 mm, approximately, was used in processing the samples taken, in order to obtain a final product rich in glass and with low content in stones. First, a preliminary study was undertaken on the study of the effects of the operational variables in the materials recovery in the glass product. A statistical design experimental program was then performed to identify the model that relates the glass and stones recovery with the operational variables and the use of Software Design- Expert allowed to obtain the optimal solution. The levels of the variables of the optimal solution were 20.3º angle inclination and drop height 16 cm. The optimization solution for the validation test was experimentally validated by carrying out experimental tests which lead to 56% in glass and 30% recovery of stones recovery in the glass product. Because this product has not a satisfactory quality an image study was performed to evaluate the aptitude for reprocessing. The study allowed to find out that significant percentage of glass particles were rejected when one only treatment is carried out, so, the experimental testing of reprocessing of the rejected product was re-processed and an upgrading of 7% was achieved. 1
2 1. INTRODUCTION In 2013, the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) produced in Portugal was million tons. These were subjected to the following management operations: 43% were sent to landfill, 22% to energy recovery through incineration and 17% followed to Mechanical and Biological treatment. Comparing to 2012, there was a significant decrease in the MSW landfilled, 55% to 43% (APA, 2014). The policy of the European Community (EC) as well as national legislation transposed from the European directives, consider to exist value in recycling packaging waste, as there is an increase over the demand to comply with the waste management hierarchy goals. With regard to the unsorted municipal solid waste and to achieve the established recycling targets, Portugal has several tools, which are largely the most common and used in most countries, such as Incineration, a controlled burning of waste, allowing the volume reduction of municipal wastes, the removal of pathogens and production of energy. Incinerators are included in the strategies to minimize the quantity of waste landfilled, being optimized today to maximize material and energy recovery. However, as it is fed with Mixed Municipal Solid Waste (MMSW), it produces residual streams one of which is composed mainly by inert materials that are currently being landfilled. In Portugal (continental) there are 2 incinerators located in the two largest urban areas (Lisbon and Porto). These areas cover about one fourth of the Portuguese population. In the present paper it is presented the characterization, in terms of composition and particle size distribution, of the bottom ash produced by Valorsul s incinerator which is located in the largest Portuguese urban area. Valorsul has as maximum capacity of 662,000 t / year (90% availability), and produce about 200 kg of bottom ash / ton incinerated MMSW (Valorsul, 2015). 2. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Sample Preparation The sample of the bottom ash from the municipal incinerator of Valorsul was collected in April and May This sample was a composite constituted by gathering 24 increments (6 per day) of the output of the bottom ash treatment plant (see figure 1a). Each increment was collected with 10 minutes interval and weighed about 240 kg. Then the composite sample was divided in a riffles divider 4 times (see figure 1b). 2
3 Figure 1 Bottom ash s sample collection (a) and division (b) For the characterization process, four sub-samples of BA, with near 3-4 kg each were used and special care was taken, during sample preparation and analyses, to avoid particle fragmentation during manipulation Particle size analysis and composition The particle size distribution was performed using a Fritsch Analysette 3 Spartan apparatus. The DIN 4188 sieving series was used with 22.4, 16.0, 11.2, 8, 5.6, 4, 2.8, 2, 1.6 and mm mesh. The detailed characterization procedure used can be found in Dias et al (2014a). The composition was determined by manual sorting of the different materials occurring in each particle size fraction, weighing and calculation of the relative percentage of each material in each particle size fraction. In fractions with particle size bellow 4 mm, the materials could not be clearly distinguished visually. So, below this particle size the characterization was not made. The global composition of the sub-samples was calculated from the composition of the particle size fractions, considering that the 4 mm fraction was constituted by ashes. The following materials were identified: ashes, glass, stones and mineral type particles, ceramics, metals, plastics and paper and cardboard particles. A very low percentage of glass and mineral type particles were found to be meltdown leading to difficult to classify particles. These were separately classified. A very low percentage of particles could not be identified by material. 3
4 2.3. Recovery of glass by RecGlass device Preliminary study A preliminary study was carried out to determine a set of parameter ranges for yield optimization. The preliminary study was conducted in the RecGlass s equipment (Carvalho et al, 2015). The inclination angle range of 18-25º, drop height range cm, belt velocity range cm/s and horizontal position range -7-7 cm.. Experimental design and data analysis Software package, Design-Expert 9.0.3, Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, USA, was used for experimental design, data analysis and model building to study the relationship between glass and stone recovery and three operating parameters. Variance s analysis (ANOVA) was used to estimate the statistical parameters. F-test was used to estimate the significance of all terms in the polynomial equation within 95% confidence interval. Table 1 shows the 2 3 full factorial design matrix. The three selected operating parameters, inclination angle, drop height and horizontal displacement were defined as Inc., Alt. and Desl., respectively. Each parameter was coded at two levels, -1 (minimum), and +1 (maximum) (table 1). Glass recovery response was coded as ηvid and stone recovery response as ηped. Running the full complement of all possible factor combinations means that all the main and interaction effects, as well as the optimum solution for the response system can be estimated (table 2). Table 1 - Plan of experiments domain defined by the level of the parameters Manipulation Interval Factor Drop height (cm) Inclination angle (⁰) Horizontal Displacement (cm)
5 % acumulative passive Table 2 - Full factorial 23 design matrix and experiments results Run Alt. (cm) Incl. (º) Desl. (cm) ηvid (%) ηped (%) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Characterization of bottom ash Figure 2 shows the particle size distribution of the subsamples. 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 sample 4 0,00 1,00 10,00 Size(mm) Figure 2 Particle size distributions of the samples collected 5
6 % acumulative passive Approximately 50% of the material has a particle size higher than 4 mm. The particle size distribution in this sample is quite smooth. Figure 3 presents the composition of one of the sub-samples characterized. The other subsamples are similar. It appears that bottom ash, as expected, is a product composed mainly by ash but with a high percentage of glass (Jardim, 2015). 48% 1% 0% 0% 4% 4% 24% 15% 4% Glass (g) Ferrous Metals (g) Stone (g) Mixed glass (g) Ceramics (g) Light plastics (g) Paper and cardboard (g) Others (g) Ash (g) Figure 3 - Composition of the Valorsul s bottom ash Figure 4 shows the distribution of the main components contained in the fractions + 4 mm in the BA sample. While the glass and stone are concentrated in the fractions and mm the ceramics are mostly concentrated in the fractions higher mm. The remaining components present a more homogenously distribution. 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 light plastics (%) paper & cardboard (%) others (%) ferrous metals (%) ceramics (%) stones (%) glass (%) Size (mm) Figure 4 - Distribution by particle size fraction of the main components of the BA in the fractions + 4 mm 6
7 Figure 5 describes the distribution of the glass and stones in + 4 mm fractions per sub-sample. It is shown that -8.0, +5.6 and -11.2, mm fractions concentrate over 70% of glass and stones, respectively. Figure 5 - Glass and Stone distribution per fraction higher than + 4mm 3.2. Experiments results and discussion According to preliminary results, glass recovery ranged between 7 to 64%. Inclination angle, drop height and horizontal displacement were considered to be the most influent operational parameters. Table 2 shows the experiment results. In table 3 and 4 the ANOVA statistical analysis for both glass recovery response and stones recovery response, respectively, are presented. The factors angle inclination and drop height are significant factors for glass recovery. Though, for stone recovery only inclination angle appears to be significant. The values in table 3 and 4 indicate the will fitting of the experimental results to the polynomial model equations for both responses and hence accuracy of these models. ηvid (%) = Inc 1.20Alt (1) ηped (%) = Inc (2) Table 3 - ANOVA for glass recovery response Source Sum of Degree of squares freedom Mean square F-value p-value Model < Inc < Alt Residual Lack of fit Pure error Correction Total
8 Table 4 - ANOVA for stone recovery response Source Sum of Degree of squares freedom Mean square F-value p-value Model < Alt < Residual Lack of fit Pure error Correction Total Optimization of the experimental parameters Table 6 shows the optimum parameters that lead to maximum recovery of glass with minimum recovery of stone (the optimization criteria). The experimental results of applying these parameter settings (Table 5) are shown in table 6 and 7. It is shown that is possible to recover 56% glass and 30% stones in the glass concentrate. Table 5 - Optimization parameters and responses for RecGlass separation process Inc (º) Alt (cm) ηvid (%) ηped(%) cm Table 6 Glass recovery response of RecGlass equipment at optimum parameters settings, in 2 tests ηvid (1) (%) ηvid (2) (%) η Vid (%) σ Table 7 - Stone recovery response of RecGlass equipment at optimum parameters, in 2 tests ηped (1) (%) ηped (2) (%) η Ped (%) σ
9 4. CONCLUSIONS In Portugal, the bottom ash of municipal incinerators are sent to municipal sanitary landfills. In this study, first a characterization of the BA was undertaken showing that the bottom ash is mainly composed by fine particles with size below 22 mm (mostly ash, glass and stones). Glass is the most frequent recyclable material constituting approximately 70% of the + 4 mm fraction of the sample. Separation between glass and stone particles using RecGlass equipment separation was studied. A statistical design using a full factorial 2 3 design of experiments was conducted to study the effect of main combination parameters. Two mathematical models for calculation of glass and stone recovery in the separation were suggested according to the statistical experimental design. The best combination for the RecGlass is obtained with inclination angle 20.3º, drop height 16 cm. The optimization solution for the validation experimental test had resulted in 56% glass and 30% recovery of stones recovery in the glass product. Using image analysis. It was observed that a significant percentage of glass particles in the reject product had low circularity, so a re-treatment of this product was experimentally performed. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge the financial support by Valorsul, for the samples supply. REFERENCE APA, Resíduos Urbanos - Relatório Anual, 2011, s.l.: s.n. BELO, N Recuperação de vidro contindo no rejeitado pesado de instalações de TMB, dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa CARVALHO, M. T., DIAS, N., BROGUEIRA, P Separation of glass from stones using the difference in the shape of particles - the RecGlass device. Submitted to Waste Management, aceite para publicação em 2015 CORTEZ, L. & DURÃO, F., Análises densitárias. Lisboa: IST- Laboratório de mineralurgia e planeamento. COUTINHO, M. & MATA, P Monitorização Ambiental de uma Unidade de Incineração de Resíduos, Aveiro: Instituto do Ambiento e Desenvolvimento [Online] Disponível em: Acedido em Setembro de 2015 DIAS, N., Caracterização e recuperação do vidro de embalagem contido no rejeitado de Tratamento Mecânico Biológico, dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa 9
10 FERREIRA, H. M., Recuperação de Metais Provenientes de Resíduos, dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Enge FERREIRA, H. M., Recuperação de Metais Provenientes de Resíduos, dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia do Geológica e de Minas, Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa VALORSUL, 2014 Relatório de Contas 2014, [Online] Disponível em: Acedido em Setembro de 2015 VALORSUL. Disponível em: Acedido entre Junho e Outubro de
METAL RECOVERY FROM WASTE
METAL RECOVERY FROM WASTE Helga Marise Jordão Ferreira Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2014 ABSTRACT In shredding plants end of life vehicles (ELV) are first shred in pieces
More informationCould MBT Plants be the Solution to Fulfil Landfill Directive Targets in Portugal?
Could MBT Plants be the Solution to Fulfil Landfill Directive Targets in Portugal? 63 Could MBT Plants be the Solution to Fulfil Landfill Directive Targets in Portugal? Ana Pires, Maria da Graça Martinho,
More informationPotential of recovery of glass contained in the heavy residual fraction refused by Portuguese MBT plants
Potential of recovery of glass contained in the heavy residual fraction refused by Portuguese MBT plants Introductory note Angela Leonardo Máximo, IST - Technical University of Lisbon The present resume
More informationNew approach for optimization of construction and demolition waste management
New approach for optimization of construction and demolition waste management Application to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area António Rebello de Andrade Mestrado em Engenharia Civil ABSTRACT: The growing concern
More informationModelling sludge drying bed dewatering processes
Modelling sludge drying bed dewatering processes Eleonora de Carvalho Lampreia eleonoracl@hotmail.com Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal July 2017 Abstract: In recent years, the
More information1.0 Summary of Recommendations
1.0 Summary of Recommendations Recommendations for Portugal can be summarised as follows: 1. Changes to charging systems and incentives a. Undertake a review of charges currently paid by householders with
More informationDomestic Composting Program Implementation
CONTACT Domestic Composting Program Implementation Miguel ARANDA DA SILVA, Cidália MARTINS, Elisabete PINHEIRO VALORLIS Valorização e Tratamento de Resíduos Sólidos, S.A. Leiria, Portugal Miguel ARANDA
More informationCONSTRUCTION AND WASTES FROM RESIDENTIAL RECUPERATION
CONSTRUCTION AND WASTES FROM RESIDENTIAL RECUPERATION M. T. Santos 1, P. Lamego 2, P. Frade 2 1 ADEQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa - ISEL, Lisboa, Portugal. 2 ADEC, Instituto Superior de
More information070201/ENV/2014/691401/SFRA/A2 1. Capital factsheet on separate collection
070201/ENV/2014/691401/SFRA/A2 1 Capital factsheet on separate collection Note: This Capital factsheet has been prepared within the EC study Assessment of separate collection schemes in the 28 capitals
More informationMARSS Workshop. Prof. Dr. Ing. Thomas Pretz
MARSS Workshop Prof. Dr. Ing. 06.10.2014 RegEnt as the core of the project - is an association of municipalities in the Trier region with about 520.000 inhabitants in an area of about 5.000 km² - is always
More informationAPPLICATION OF MODIFIED NANOFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE AS A COLLECTOR IN SULPHIDE FLOTATION
APPLICATION OF MODIFIED NANOFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE AS A COLLECTOR IN SULPHIDE FLOTATION Raquel López Blanco Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2016 ABSTRACT The aim of this study
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
OPTIMIZTION OF MUNICIPL SOLID WSTE COLLECTION ND TRNSPORTTION SYSTEM F. EIJOCO*, V. SEMIÃO*, Z. ZSIGRIOVÁ** *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico,
More informationNew Calculation Method for Measurement of Recycling Rates and Influence on Recycling Quotas
New Calculation Method for Measurement of Recycling Rates and Influence on Recycling Quotas Thomas Obermeier, Sylvia Lehmann German Association of waste management Content Legislative Basis Methods for
More informationWaste. Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management Environmental Engineering Zerihun Alemayehu (AAiT-CED) Waste Solid waste: Any material that is thrown away or discarded as useless and unwanted. municipal solid waste (MSW): Solid
More informationVermicomposting of Unsorted Municipal Solid Waste
Vermicomposting of unsorted MSW 249 Vermicomposting of Unsorted Municipal Solid Waste Rui Berkemeier Quercus Associação Nacional de Conservação da Natureza, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract The Vermicomposting
More informationWTERT (Greece and U.S.) PARTICIPATION IN ISWA- APESB 2009 WORLD CONGRESS: Turning Waste into Ideas (Oct 12-15, Lisbon, Portugal)
WTERT (Greece and U.S.) PARTICIPATION IN ISWA- APESB 2009 WORLD CONGRESS: Turning Waste into Ideas (Oct 12-15, Lisbon, Portugal) Dr. Efstratios Kalogirou Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University,
More informationConstruction and demolition waste in Portugal: actual situation and future perspectives
Construction and demolition waste in Portugal: actual situation and future perspectives Ramos, M. 1,2 ; Martinho, G. 1,2 ; Pires, A. 1,2 ; Santos, P. 1,2 ; Gomes, A. 1,2 ; Moura, E. 3 1 Departamento de
More informationRecycling Code Packaging Waste Collection Incentive Programme
Recycling Code Packaging Waste Collection Incentive Programme CONTACT ANA, Loureiro and JUDITE, Leal - Valorsul, S.A. Contact name: Ana Loureiro and Judite Leal Organisation: Valorsul, Valorização e Tratamento
More informationBy Ana Margarida Gomes
By Ana Margarida Gomes Department of Sciences and Environmental Enginnering - waste@nova Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal amvgomes@gmail.com
More informationEIMPACK PROJECT PORTUGAL PACKAGING WASTE MANAGEMENT PAST AND FUTURE PORTUGUESE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (APA)
EIMPACK PROJECT PORTUGAL PACKAGING WASTE MANAGEMENT PAST AND FUTURE PORTUGUESE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (APA) 4 th November 2011 Our mission - main vectors Promote information and Environmental citizenship Portuguese
More informationPOTENTIALS FOR LANDFILL MINING A Finnish research project
Submission to GIN 2012 Oral presentation TOPIC : LANDFILL MINING POTENTIALS FOR LANDFILL MINING A Finnish research project Toi Kaartinen, Malin Meinander & Margareta Wahlström VTT, Espoo, Finland Contacts:
More informationRESILIENCE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS CASE STUDY OF QUINTA DO LAGO
41 st IAHS WORLD CONGRESS Sustainability and Innovation for the Future 13-16 th September 2016 Albufeira, Algarve, Portugal RESILIENCE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS CASE STUDY OF QUINTA DO LAGO João Caetano
More information6515/18 AM/am 1 DG E 1A
Council of the European Union Brussels, 23 February 2018 (OR. en) Interinstitutional File: 2015/0274 (COD) 6515/18 ENV 122 CODEC 246 NOTE From: To: General Secretariat of the Council Delegations No. prev.
More informationTYRANNOSAURUS SRF Production Process
SRF Production Process SRF Process Raw material TYRANNOSAURU S 3200 TYRANNOSAURU S 9900 Feeder Shredder Magnet TYRANNOSAURUS Fines Screen Eddy current separator TYRANNOSAURUS Air-classifier Fe Fines -
More informationCalRecovery, Inc. 2017, CalRecovery, Inc.
CalRecovery, Inc. Reasons to Consider Landfill Mining and Reclamation Clean closure of industrial disposal sites (primarily homogeneous wastes, e.g., wood processing residues) Clean closure of MSW landfills
More informationJust the Facts and the Data
Just the Facts and the Data Reporting Indiana s recycling numbers Greg Overtoom Office Data Coordinator IDEM Office of Land Quality Chris Ronson Solutions Manager Emerge Knowledge An Inglorious Beginning
More informationHOW PYROLYSIS WASTE TO ENERGY WORKS
HOW PYROLYSIS WASTE TO ENERGY WORKS The use of pyrolysis in the thermal processing of municipal solid waste is becoming more widespread in application due to the overall flexibility of the pyrolysis process.
More informationMASTERCLASS Anaerobic Digestion
MASTERCLASS Anaerobic Digestion Biological Process and Technologies. Start-up and Process Control. Biogas Valorization. 15 th July Lisbon Portugal 14.00-18.30h CONTENTS 1. OVERVIEW... 3 2. WHO SHOULD ATTEND...
More informationANALIA, Torres; FILIPA;Vaz (DEQI) Valorsul, S.A.
Case Study: The implementation of a waste collection scheme for the anaerobic digestion plant of Lisbon Area and the characteristics of the biodegradable waste ANALIA, Torres; FILIPA;Vaz (DEQI) Valorsul,
More informationCommunication in Waste Operations in Portugal. ISWA World Environment Congress & Exhibition Buenos Aires November 2005 Ana Loureiro Portugal
Communication in Waste Operations in Portugal ISWA World Environment Congress & Exhibition Buenos Aires November 2005 Ana Loureiro Portugal What to do? When? Where? Keep it simple With who? How? What to
More informationAnnual WFAS summary data tables are also available to download in Excel format on SEPA's web site.
Waste from all sources Summary data 2015 This release provides a summary of Scottish waste generated and managed in calendar year 2015. The data in this release represent Waste From All Sources (WFAS).
More informationMinnesota Statewide Waste Characterization Study
Minnesota Statewide Waste Characterization Study for the 2014 SWANA/AWMA Landfill Operators Conference by Robert Craggs Solid Waste and Resource Recovery Manager Project Team Burns &McDonnell Lead Consultant
More informationINJEÇÃO DE CO 2 PARA PRODUÇÃO ACRESCIDA DE METANO DE CARVÃO EM CAMADA CO 2 INJECTION FOR ENHANCED COALBED METHANE (ECBM)
INJEÇÃO DE CO 2 PARA PRODUÇÃO ACRESCIDA DE METANO DE CARVÃO EM CAMADA CO 2 INJECTION FOR ENHANCED COALBED METHANE (ECBM) C.F. Rodrigues 1 & M.J. Lemos de Sousa 3 1 FP-ENAS, University of Fernando Pessoa,
More informationPPI Training. MODULE 2 The need to innovate in municipal waste management. PPI training Location of the training Date of the training.
PPI Training MODULE 2 The need to innovate in municipal waste management PPI training Location of the training Date of the training Contents Status quo Waste management in Europe Drivers for innovation
More informationWaste management options and climate change - the case of biowaste
Waste management options and climate change - the case of biowaste Keith A Brown AEA Technology Workshop Biological treatment of biodegradable waste - Technical aspects Brussels - 8th-10th April, 2002
More informationtool applied for forecasting in waste management
tool applied for forecasting in waste management Dr. Martin PAVLAS Version 1.0, 1.9.2016 Justine represents a sophisticated tool for simultaneous forecasting of waste amounts and waste parameters at different
More informationImplementing a Biowaste Strategy in Bulgaria. Walter HAUER Technisches Bür o H A U ER
Implementing a Biowaste Strategy in Bulgaria Walter HAUER Technisches Bür o H A U ER Umweltwirtschaft GmbH A-210 0 Korneuburg, Brückenstraße 6 + 4 3 226 2/ 6 2 223 w w w. tbha uer. at Biowaste Study Tour
More informationExperience Results with Recycling Equipment. Productivity. Profitability. Reliability
Productivity Profitability Reliability Experience Results with Recycling Equipment Experience Results with Superior Conveyor Designs For decades, our engineering staff has used its in-depth knowledge of
More informationEIMPack Economic Impact of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive
EIMPack Economic Impact of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive The Economics of Packaging Waste Recycling: The Case of Romania February 2012 Legal notice This report consists of a study based on
More informationChapter 1. Evolution of Solid Wastes Management
Chapter 1 Evolution of Solid Wastes Management Introduction Solid wastes comprise all wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted.
More informationEconomic Impact of Recycling in Alabama and Opportunities for Growth. Alabama Department of Environmental Management. Land Division Solid Waste Branch
Economic Impact of Recycling in Alabama and Opportunities for Growth Alabama Department of Environmental Management Land Division Solid Waste Branch June 2012 Alabama Department of Environmental Management
More informationEXPERIENCE IN LANDFILL MINING IN MALLORCA (BALEARIC ISLANDS - SPAIN) THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE PERPETUAL LANDFILL
EXPERIENCE IN LANDFILL MINING IN MALLORCA (BALEARIC ISLANDS - SPAIN) THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE PERPETUAL LANDFILL 21-23 may 2012 Old Monastery of Saint Augustine Bergamo Italy A. Canaleta G. Ripoll TIRME,
More informationMunicipal Solid Waste Composition Analysis: Amman City case study
Municipal Solid Waste Composition Analysis: Amman City case study Salah Abu-Salah Royal Scientific Society (RSS), Amman Jordan Abstract The aim of this paper is to establish up-to-date waste composition
More informationWASTE AND CARBON EVALUATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT AT LIPOR
WASTE AND CARBON EVALUATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT AT LIPOR Abreu, S.; Almeida, A.; Almeida, C.; Araújo Barros, N.; Carneiro, F.; Leite, F.; Mendes, P.; Nogueira, I.; Oliveira, P.* Lipor - Porto Region Intermunicipal
More informationMunicipal waste management in Portugal
Municipal waste management in Portugal Prepared by Ioannis Bakas ETC/SCP February 2013 EEA project manager Almut Reichel Author affiliation Ioannis Bakas, Copenhagen Resource Institute, http://www.cri.dk/
More informationThere will be no significant impact from solid waste arising during the development of the proposed power plant.
11 SOLID WASTE 11.1 SUMMARY OF RESIDUAL IMPACTS There will be no significant impact from solid waste arising during the development of the proposed power plant. 11.2 INTRODUCTION This chapter considers
More informationThe EIMPack Project. The Economic Impact of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive
The EIMPack Project The Economic Impact of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive Nuno Ferreira da Cruz Pedro Simões Sandra Ferreira Marta Cabral Rui Cunha Marques 24 January 2013 Luxembourg The Project
More informationDuty of Care and the Journey towards Zero Waste to Landfill
Duty of Care and the Journey towards Zero Waste to Landfill 24th January 2017 Andy Robertson EHS Consultant Joint IOSH Event: Environmental & Waste Management Group Tees Branch Contents Why divert waste
More informationWASTE MANAGEMENT in CYPRUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT in CYPRUS 11 Ιουνίου 2014 ATHENA PAPANASTASIOU ENVIRONMENT OFFICER NICOSIA 24.6.15 SMW production per capita in Cyprus 800 700 670 684 688 694 704 728 729 696 681 663 600 500 514 514 516
More informationEurometaux Position on the review of the European waste management legislation
Brussels, 6th September 2013. Eurometaux Position on the review of the European waste management legislation Table of Content 1. Executive summary 2. Introduction 3. Waste Framework Directive - the Framework
More informationWRAP MDD018/23 WEEE separation techniques. Holman Wilfley wet shaking table trial report
WRAP MDD018/23 WEEE separation techniques Holman Wilfley wet shaking table trial report Abstract This report describes trials conducted with SGS Mineral Services on a Holman Wilfley Wet Shaking table for
More informationThe Polish National Waste Management Plan 2014
1. Introduction... 21 2. Identification of problems in waste management... 22 3. Adopted aims in waste management... 23 4. Lines of action for waste prevention and shaping of waste management system...
More informationIncreasing the Quantity and Quality of Metals Recovered at Waste-to Energy Facilities
Increasing the Quantity and Quality of Metals Recovered at Waste-to Energy Facilities Werner Sunk Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University NAWTEC 14, Tampa, FL, May 2006 Background Waste-To-Energy
More informationSOLID WASTE DISPOSAL A BURNING PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL A BURNING PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED A. Introduction The disposal of solid waste is a problem. This problem continues to grow with the growth of population and development of industries.
More informationB. Ferreira Pozo, C. Aliaga Baquero, J. L. Martí Arbona, M. Hortal Ramos. Inserat TOMRA Sorting GmbH
B. Ferreira Pozo, C. Aliaga Baquero, J. L. Martí Arbona, M. Hortal Ramos Inserat TOMRA Sorting GmbH 196 Recovery of Recyclables from MSW Experiences from Poland and Cyprus Recovery of Recyclables from
More informationINNOVATIONS IN COMBINING AD AND COMPOSTING: PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS, HIGH QUALITY COMPOST AND RECYCLABLE FRACTIONS FROM MIXED WASTE
INNOVATIONS IN COMBINING AD AND COMPOSTING: PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS, HIGH QUALITY COMPOST AND RECYCLABLE FRACTIONS FROM MIXED WASTE Federation of New York Solid Waste Association, Bolton Landing, May 23,
More informationRules of measurement in building construction
Rules of measurement in building construction Proposed model for application in Portugal for secondary elements of stonework, carpentry and metalwork Rui Miguel Alves Mestre Extended Abstract October 2010
More informationSolid Waste Management in Greece: large steps forward
Solid Waste Management in Greece: large steps forward By Mavropoulos Antonios, Head of SWM Dept. of EPEM SA Member of Hellenic Solid Waste Association Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Greece is usually
More informationAalborg Universitet. CLIMA proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress Heiselberg, Per Kvols. Publication date: 2016
Aalborg Universitet CLIMA 2016 - proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress Heiselberg, Per Kvols Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication
More informationThe new Lisbon international airport: the history of a decision making process
The new Lisbon international airport: the history of a decision making process M. Coutinho 1 and M.R. Partidário 2 1: IDAD-Instituto do Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Campus Universitário, 3810-193 AVEIRO,
More informationPreparation of biological waste and MSW. using the OREX Press
Preparation of biological waste and MSW using the OREX Press The problem Municipal solid waste has always been considered a problem to be solved as quickly as possible disposing of it in the landfills.
More informationEnvironment! Recycling of WTE Ash! for the Recovery of Ferrous, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals!
Environment! Recycling of WTE Ash! for the Recovery of Ferrous, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals! - RecuLABTM NF for landfilled Ash - RecuLABTM Au for fresh Ash! Agenda! RecuLABTM NF: Recycling of landfilled
More informationSolid Waste Management
Chapter 1 Solid Waste A brief history of waste and landfills When the majority of people lived in rural areas, their waste, which consisted almost entirely of organic materials derived from plants, humans,
More informationWRAP MDD018/023 WEEE separation techniques Allmineral Allflux Upflow Separator trial report
WRAP MDD018/023 WEEE separation techniques Allmineral Allflux Upflow Separator trial report This report describes a trial conducted with Allmineral on their small scale Allflux upflow separator rig in
More informationProtocols for the Evaluation of BMW sent to Landfill by Pre-treatment Facilities. Presentation to EPA Waste Workshop 2009
Protocols for the Evaluation of BMW sent to Landfill by Pre-treatment Facilities Presentation to EPA Waste Workshop 2009 Olivier Gaillot Technical Director RPS 21 st October 2009 Background The EPA published
More informationDynamic Analysis of the Masonry Arch The Effect of the Extrados Filling
Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Arquitectura Instituto Superior Técnico Dynamic Analysis of the Masonry Arch The Effect of the Extrados Filling Rosa Guimarães Atalaia Canhão Abstract: This paper presents
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Union L 310/11
EN 25.11.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 310/11 COMMISSION DECISION of 18 November 2011 establishing rules and calculation methods for verifying compliance with the targets set in Article
More informationRadionuclides in tantalite ore and radiation exposure in tantalite mining in Ethiopia
Eighth International Symposium on Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMVIII) Rio de Janeiro, 18 21 October 2016 Radionuclides in tantalite ore and radiation exposure in tantalite mining in Ethiopia
More informationQuantification of household waste diversion from landfill disposal by waste management practices
Waste Management and the Environment III 335 Quantification of household waste diversion from landfill disposal by waste management practices O. Mitaftsi & S. R. Smith Centre for Environmental Control
More informationIntroduction. Development of Application Procedure of the Tier 2 Methodology for CH 4 Emission from Korean Landfills HALLYM UNIVERSITY
Development of Application Procedure of the Tier 2 Methodology for CH 4 Emission from Korean Landfills Seungdo Kim Dept. of Environmental System Eng. Hallym University Introduction 1 Hierarchy of Solid
More informationUTILIZATION OF SCRAP TIRES IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS TO CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
UTILIZATION OF SCRAP TIRES IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS TO CIVIL CONSTRUCTION RODRIGUES JORGE, Mara Regina Pagliuso (1), FERREIRA, Osny Pellegrino (2) and CLARO NETO, Salvador (3) (1) D. Pedro
More informationWaste is a valuable resource if and only if Concepts and strategies for waste management
Waste is a valuable resource if and only if Concepts and strategies for waste management Mats Carlin Research director Optical Measurement Systems 1 Fast Near Infra Red Spectroscopy Plastic film on beverage
More informationULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTER (UHPPl) FOR SEISMIC REINFORCEMENT OF MASONRY WALLS
PAPER REF: 4165 ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTER (UHPPl) FOR SEISMIC REINFORCEMENT OF MASONRY WALLS João Alexandre Guerreiro 1 (*), João Gomes Ferreira 1, António Sousa Gago 1, Jorge Miguel Proença 1 1 IDepartamento
More informationANALYSIS OF PACKAGING WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN
ANALYSIS OF PACKAGING WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN Paneque, A. Cháfer, C. Pacheco, B. Capuz-Rizo, S.F. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Hortal, M. Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte
More informationMANAGEMENT ASPECTS ON CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WASTE IN SÃO PAULO CITY - BRAZIL
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS ON CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WASTE IN SÃO PAULO CITY - BRAZIL Cássia S. de Assis (1), Márcio J. Estefano de Oliveira (2) and Luiz Roberto Cottas (3) (1) Centro Universitário do Instituto Mauá
More informationBottom Ash Treatment Stateof-the-art
Bottom Ash Treatment Stateof-the-art in Germany Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kerstin Kuchta M Sc. Verena Enzner 8 th CEWEP Waste-to-Energy Congress 2016 16 June 2016, Rotterdam 1 Metal in Wate Bottom Ashes Methods Agenda
More informationTAMPERE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT
TAMPERE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT 1. TAMPERE WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONCEPT 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Project implementation was initiated by the revised Finnish Waste Act of 2011 that prohibited, starting from 2016,
More informationMunicipal waste management in Slovenia
Municipal waste management in Slovenia Prepared by Danko Aleksic ETC/SCP February 2013 EEA project manager Almut Reichel Author affiliation Danko Aleksic, Regional Environmental Center, www.rec.org Context
More informationUTILIZING INTERLABORATORY COLLABORATIVE STUDY TO HARMONIZE PROTOCOL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS
The First International Proficiency Testing Conference Sinaia, România 11 th 13 th October, 2007 UTILIZING INTERLABORATORY COLLABORATIVE STUDY TO HARMONIZE PROTOCOL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS Queenie S. H.
More informationForest fires occurrences and burned area in mainland Portugal: preliminary assessment to a fifteen years period
FLAMMA, 6 (), 9-94, 5 ISSN 7-665X Author(s) 4. CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Unported License Forest fires occurrences and burned area in mainland Portugal: preliminary assessment to a fifteen
More informationGlass Clean-up Systems in MRFs
Glass Clean-up Systems in MRFs MAY 16, 2018 NERC Webinar CLOSED LOOP FOUNDATION PAGE 1 The Question Is there a productive and cost-effective way to increase the recycling of glass from material recovery
More informationCircular Economy: spinning the wheel of fortune. Jorge DIAZ DEL CASTILLO European Commission DG Environment
Circular Economy: spinning the wheel of fortune Jorge DIAZ DEL CASTILLO European Commission DG Environment Food for thought ( to be taken with a pinch of salt!) 600 bn savings through Circular + full lex
More informationBIM METHODOLOGY AS A SUPPORT TO THE QUANTITY TAKE-OFF. Extended Abstract Master s Degree in Civil Engineering
BIM METHODOLOGY AS A SUPPORT TO THE QUANTITY TAKE-OFF Bernardo Ferreira e Silva Extended Abstract Master s Degree in Civil Engineering Supervisors Profª. Alcínia Zita de Almeida Sampaio Jury President:
More informationSolid Waste Management & Separate Collection of Recyclables
Solid Waste Management & Separate Collection of Recyclables Prof. Dr. Marina Franke Global Sustainability / Germany Giovan Reyes Governmental Relations / Mexico Procter & Gamble Mexico City March 14, 2013
More informationECO-EFFICIENCY INDICATORS FOR INJECTION MOULDING INDUSTRY: A GUIDELINE FOR QUICK IDENTIFICATION A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH
ECO-EFFICIENCY INDICATORS FOR INJECTION MOULDING INDUSTRY: A GUIDELINE FOR QUICK IDENTIFICATION A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH Carlos Roda Instituto Superior Técnico Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Avenida
More informationMATERIAL RECYCLING AND BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT FOR BIOGAS AND NUTRIENT RECOVERY Important parts in a CO2 smart and circular economy
MATERIAL RECYCLING AND BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT FOR BIOGAS AND NUTRIENT RECOVERY Important parts in a CO2 smart and circular economy PROFESSOR TORLEIF BRAMRYD Material recovery Waste avoidance Waste
More informationInstruments of urban regeneration: The urban regeneration companies in Portugal
Instruments of urban regeneration: The urban regeneration companies in Portugal Sofia Ribeiro Cabral Abstract Revitalizing and regenerating urban centers have been highlights in political debate for the
More informationTHE POSSIBILITY OF ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS IN CYPRUS
THE POSSIBILITY OF ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS IN CYPRUS A. MENTZIS*, A. KARKAZI*, N. GARGOULAS*, S. SKOULAXINOU* AND N. KYTHREOTOU * EPEM SA, 141b Acharnon Str., 104 46, Athens, Greece
More informationThe construction and demolition waste consist of inert material, most of which are recyclable. These constituents can be classified as:
1. Layman s Report (English Version) INTRODUCTION Construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) constitute a high proportion of solid waste in urban areas. The large amount of construction and demolition
More informationHamm MW Pyrolysis Plant. Integrated Pyrolysis into Power Plant Plant capacity 100,000 t/a Pre-processed Waste Materials
Integrated Pyrolysis into Power Plant Plant capacity 100,000 t/a Pre-processed Waste Materials Schematic Flow sheet Integrated Pyrolysis for Power Plants Pyrolysis of high calorific solid recovered fuels
More informationEFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH PARTICLE SIZE IN LIME BASED MORTARS. João Carlos Duarte Tiago
EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH PARTICLE SIZE IN LIME BASED MORTARS João Carlos Duarte Tiago October, 2011 EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH PARTICLE SIZE IN LIME BASED MORTARS João Carlos Duarte Tiago Instituto Superior
More informationULTRASSONIC ANALYSIS OF UO 2 PELLETS
213 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 213 Recife, PE, Brazil, November 24-29, 213 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-5-2 ULTRASSONIC ANALYSIS OF UO 2 PELLETS
More informationINVESTIGATION OF LANDFILL MINING FEASIBILITIES IN NORDIC AND BALTIC COUNTRIES: OVERVIEW OF PROJECT RESULTS
INVESTIGATION OF LANDFILL MINING FEASIBILITIES IN NORDIC AND BALTIC COUNTRIES: OVERVIEW OF PROJECT RESULTS G. Denafas 1, A. Bučinskas 1, J. Burlakovs 2, E. Dace 3, K. Bazienė 4, M. Horttanainen 5, J. Havukainen
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION AND DESIGN OF COMPLEX COMPOSITE STRUCTURES. Afonso LEITE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
The Tenth International Conference on Machine Design and Production 431 4-6 September 2002, Cappadocia, Turkey NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND DESIGN OF COMPLEX COMPOSITE STRUCTURES Afonso LEITE, Instituto Superior
More informationSanitary Landfills a Key Component of Waste Management in Transition Economies Johann Fellner, David Laner, Jakob Leder & Paul H.
Sanitary Landfills a Key Component of Waste Management in Transition Economies Johann Fellner, David Laner, Jakob Leder & Paul H. Brunner Institute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management Key
More informationTHE ROLE OF SORTING AND RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY. Oliver Lambertz Göteborg October 2018
THE ROLE OF SORTING AND RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY Oliver Lambertz Göteborg October 2018 DID YOU KNOW? By 2025 solid waste generation will increase by 70% compared to 2010 levels 32%
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF REPAIR MORTARS FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS CONCERNING QUANTIFIED HYGRIC REQUIREMENTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF REPAIR MORTARS FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS CONCERNING QUANTIFIED HYGRIC REQUIREMENTS Prepared by: M. Rosário Veiga; LNEC, Portugal; rveiga@lnec.pt Introduction The first requirement to be
More informationRDF/SRF evolution and MSW bio-drying
Waste Management and the Environment VI 199 RDF/SRF evolution and MSW bio-drying M. Ragazzi & E. C. Rada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Trento, Italy Abstract In Europe
More informationDGE 1 EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 27 April 2018 (OR. en) 2015/0274 (COD) PE-CONS 10/18 ENV 127 CODEC 251
EUROPEAN UNION THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMT THE COUNCIL Brussels, 27 April 2018 (OR. en) 2015/0274 (COD) PE-CONS 10/18 V 127 CODEC 251 LEGISLATIVE ACTS AND OTHER INSTRUMTS Subject: DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMT
More informationINSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO MESTRADO EM ARQUITETURA_2014/2015. Joana Alves Samúdio EXTENDED ABSTRACT
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO MESTRADO EM ARQUITETURA_2014/2015 Joana Alves Samúdio EXTENDED ABSTRACT FAÇADE COVERING WITH PANELS REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBER (GRC) The use of GRC prefabricated systems and
More information