COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET MARKET SIZE, SEGMENTATION, REGULATIONS AND KEY COUNTRY ANALYSIS TO 2025

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1 REFERENCE CODE GDPE1101MAR PUBLICATION DATE JANUARY 2017 COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET AND KEY COUNTRY ANALYSIS TO 2025

2 Executive Summary Combined Heat and Power (CHP), also termed cogeneration, produces electricity and usable heat in a single, highly efficient process. The increasing global demand for electrical power and the simultaneous rise in environmental concerns and legislation are the major drivers for the cogeneration market. These plants recover heat that normally gets wasted in conventional power generation methods. Conventional heat and power generation methods have combined efficiency of around 45%; however, CHP systems can be efficient up to 85 90%. CHP plants are used in industrial, large commercial, and institutional applications. Utilities worldwide offer favorable policies, fiscal incentives, and several related programs such as State Program Funding to encourage CHP. With the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions leading to an unprecedented increase in temperatures globally, the developed economies have come under acute stress to curb their CO2 emissions and, at the same time, they are striving to have a balanced power portfolio with a majority of contributions from the alternative and more efficient energy sources. The worldwide market for CHP is growing rapidly, as is evident from the high year-on-year growth rate of cumulative installed capacity between 2006 and Europe is the well-established market in CHP whereas emerging economies in Asia-Pacific (excluding China), South and Central America, and the Middle East and Africa are expected to be the major markets in the upcoming period. Asia-Pacific is currently the largest regional CHP market in the world will continue to lead during the forecast period. Governments in this region are strongly committed toward having a cleaner energy mix and are supporting the evolution of such technologies through various policies and R&D initiatives. This is expected to drive the CHP market in the Asia-Pacific region making it a good market in which to invest. Global Combined Heat and Power Market Expected to Continue its Growth Trajectory The total CHP installed capacity increased from Gigawatts (GW) in 2006 to GW in 2015, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.9%. The market is being driven by the need for energy efficiency, growing environmental concern, and increasing government incentives and policies to promote cogeneration. CHP is receiving enormous support from various governments around the world in the form of favorable policies and incentives. Governments in different regions are promoting cogeneration technology through various long-term policies, and financial incentives. Strong commitment from these governments for the development of CHP has led to various R&D initiatives and CHP installations, which will drive the market in the upcoming period. During , the global CHP market is Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

3 Cumulative installed capacity (GW) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET Executive Summary expected to increase from GW to GW at a CAGR of 2.8%. The following figure illustrates the global CHP market during Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Cumulative Installed Capacity (GW), The following figure illustrates the cumulative installed CHP capacity by different region in Combined Heat and Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share By Region (%), 2015 Americas, APAC, EMEA, Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] Asia-Pacific Region Contributed Substantial Combined Heat and Power installed Capacity in 2015 Asia-Pacific was the leader with a share of 45.9% in global CHP installed capacity in 2015, followed by EMEA with a share of 38.8%. The Americas accounted for 15.4% of the cumulative installed capacity in the same year. The highest capacity witnessed in Asia-Pacific was attributed to the countries such as China, India, and Japan. China Leads Global Combined Heat and Power Market Followed by US, Russia, and Germany China with a share of 34% of total installed capacity was the global leader in terms of the cumulative capacity, and had 250 GW of the total installed capacity as of China added more new installed CHP capacity than the rest of the world, strengthening the country s role in the global cogeneration development. CHP and District Heat and Cooling (DHC) play a major role in fulfilling the long-term emission reduction targets in the country. The central government, with the help of the provincial governments, has planned many initiatives for rapid development of the cogeneration market. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

4 China US Russia Germany India Cumulative installed capacity (GW) Net annual addition (GW) Market Size ($bn) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET Executive Summary The US has the second largest total capacity installed after China. The cumulative CHP capacity of the US was 83.3 GW in 2015 and in the next year capacity is expected to reach 83.7 GW. The following figure illustrates CHP installed capacity in key countries in due to increase in the capacity installations, led by countries such as China, US, and India as well as other emerging countries in Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and South and Central America. The following figure illustrates the global CHP market size during Combined Heat and Power Market, Installed Capacity by Key Countries, (GW), Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size ($ bn), Cumulative installed capacity Net annual addition Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] Global Combined Heat and Power Market Size is Set to Reach $26 Billion by 2025 Global CHP market size increased from $21.0 billion in 2006 to $24.1 billion in 2015 at a CAGR of 1.6%. During , the CHP market size is expected to increase from $20.5 billion to $26 billion. A major boost in the investment is expected Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

5 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Introduction Combined Heat and Power Technology Technology Trends of Combined Heat and Power Technology Trigeneration Shift from Conventional Generation to Powerformers New Combustion Technology Heat Recovery Technologies Waste Heat to Power Systems Combined Heat and Power Prime Movers, Types, Pros/Cons End-User Type Institutional Users Commercial Users Industrial Users Residential Users Combined Heat and Power Supply Chain GlobalData Report Guidance Combined Heat and Power Market, Global Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

6 Table of Contents 3.2 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity Share by Region, 2015 and Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Installed Capacity Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country, Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country, 2015 and Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Market Forces Analysis Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Key Drivers Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Key Restraints Combined Heat and Power Market, US Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by End-User Segment, Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Prime Mover, Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Capacity Range, Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Regulations, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

7 Table of Contents American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) or Recovery Act Power Plant Improvement Initiative Clean Energy Standard Act Energy Policy Act Clean Coal Power Initiative Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Share by End-User Segment, Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Share by Prime Mover, Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Regional Share, Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Regulations ecoenergy Technology Initiative Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance Clean Energy Fund: Renewable Energy and Clean Energy Systems Demonstration Projects ecoenergy for Biofuels Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Nova Scotia Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Ontario Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

8 Table of Contents 7.3 Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Regulations, Special Program for the Use of Renewable Energy National Energy Strategy Law for the Development of Renewable Energy and Energy Transition Financing Combined Heat and Power, Brazil Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power, Brazil, Regulations, Brazil Inova Energia Program Plan for Energy Expansion Brazil s National Climate Change Plan Combined Heat and Power Market, Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Installed Capacity Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country, Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country, 2015 and Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Market Forces Analysis Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Key Drivers Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

9 Table of Contents Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Key Restraints Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Share by Capacity Range, Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Regulations, New CHP Act, Renewable Energy Sources Act National Allocation Plan Initiatives Toward Reducing Greenhouse and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Share by End-User Segment, Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Regulations, The Netherlands Energy Action Plan Renewable Energy and CHP Production Aid Scheme Tax Reduction for Investments in Energy-Saving Equipment and Sustainable Energy Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

10 Table of Contents 12.1 Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Share by End-User Segment, Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Regulations, Energy Strategy to Energy Intensity Reduction Program State Program on Energy Efficiency and Energy Sector Development in Combined Heat and Power Market, UK Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by End-User Segment, Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Prime Mover, Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Capacity Range, Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Regulations, Exemption of Good Quality CHP Fuel Inputs and Electricity Outputs from the Climate Change Levy Increased Support for Renewable CHP Treatment of CHP Under the EU Emission Trading Scheme Renewable Energy Strategy Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

11 Table of Contents Renewables Obligation Order Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Installed Capacity Combined Heat and Power, Asia-Pacific, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country, Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country, 2015 and Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Market Forces Analysis Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Key Drivers Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Key Restraints Combined Heat and Power Market, China Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Regulations, Guidance to Improve Electric Power Operation Facilitating Further Development of Clean Energy Management Measures on Renewable Energy Development Funds Renewable Energy Law Energy Policy Combined Heat and Power Market, India Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

12 Table of Contents 16.2 Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Regulations, Tariff Policy DeenDayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) Twelfth Five-Year Plan ( ) Renewable Energy Certificates India Brazil South Africa Declaration on Clean Energy Integrated Energy Policy National Electricity Policy Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Installed Capacity, Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Market Segmentation Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by End-User Segment, Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Prime Mover, Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Fuel Type, Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Market Size, Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Regulations, Cool Earth-Energy Innovative Technology Plan Law on Establishment of NEDO Special Measures Law for Promoting the Use of New Energy Strategic Energy Plan Support for Deployment of New and Renewable Energy Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

13 Table of Contents 18 Appendix Abbreviations Bibliography Market Definitions Power Installed Capacity Electricity Generation Electricity Consumption Coal- fired Power Plant Renewable Energy Resources Methodology Coverage Secondary Research Primary Research Disclaimer Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

14 Table of Contents 1.1 List of Tables Table 1: Combined Heat and Power Market, Waste Heat to Power Projects, US, By Application, Table 2: Combined Heat and Power Market, Prime Movers, Types Table 3: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 4: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity Share by Region (%), 2015 and Table 5: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size ($m), Table 6: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 7: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country (GW), Table 8: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country (%), 2015 and Table 9: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Market Size ($m), Table 10: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 11: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by End-User Segment (%), Table 12: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Commercial End-User Segment (%), Table 13: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Prime Mover (%), Table 14: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 15: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Capacity Range (%), Table 16: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Market Size ($m), Table 17: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 18: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Share by End-User Segment (%), Table 19: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Share by Prime Mover (%), Table 20: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Regional Share (%), Table 21: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Market Size ($m), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

15 Table of Contents Table 22: Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 23: Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Market Size ($m), Table 24: Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 25: Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 26: Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Market Size ($m), Table 27: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 28: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country (GW), Table 29: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country (%), 2015 and Table 30: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Market Size ($m), Table 31: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 32: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 33: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Share by Capacity Range (%), Table 34: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Market Size ($m), Table 35: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 36: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Share by End-User Segment (%), Table 37: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 38: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Market Size ($m), Table 39: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 40: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Share by End-User Segment (%), Table 41: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 42: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Market Size ($m), Table 43: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 44: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by End-User Segment (%), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

16 Table of Contents Table 45: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Prime Mover (%), Table 46: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 47: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Capacity Range (%), Table 48: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Market Size ($m), Table 49: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 50: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country (GW), Table 51: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country (%), 2015 and Table 52: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Market Size ($m), Table 53: Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 54: Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Market Size ($m), Table 55: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 56: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Share by End-User Segment (%), Table 57: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Share by Prime Mover (%), Table 58: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 59: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Market Size ($m), Table 60: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Installed Capacity (GW), Table 61: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by End-User Segment (%), Table 62: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Industrial End-User Segment (%), Table 63: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Commercial End-User Segment (%), Table 64: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Prime Mover (%), Table 65: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Fuel Type (%), Table 66: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Market Size ($m), Table 67: Abbreviations Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

17 Table of Contents 1.2 List of Figures Figure 1: Combined Heat and Power Supply Chain Figure 2: Combined Heat And Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 3: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity Share by Region (%), 2015 and Figure 4: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size ($m), Figure 5: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 6: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country (GW), Figure 7: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country (%), 2015 and Figure 8: Combined Heat and Power Market, Americas, Market Size ($m), Figure 9: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 10: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by End-User Segment (%), Figure 11: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Commercial End-User Segment (%), Figure 12: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Prime Mover (%), Figure 13: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 14: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Share by Capacity Range (%), Figure 15: Combined Heat and Power Market, US, Market Size ($m), Figure 16: Combined Heat And Power Market, Canada, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 17: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Share by End-User Segment (%), Figure 18: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Share by Prime Mover (%), Figure 19: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Regional Share (%), Figure 20: Combined Heat and Power Market, Canada, Market Size ($m), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

18 Table of Contents Figure 21: Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 22: Combined Heat and Power Market, Mexico, Market Size ($m), Figure 23: Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 24: Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 25: Combined Heat and Power Market, Brazil, Market Size ($m), Figure 26: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 27: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country (GW), Figure 28: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country (%), 2015 and Figure 29: Combined Heat and Power Market, EMEA, Market Size ($m), Figure 30: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 31: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 32: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Share by Capacity Range (%), Figure 33: Combined Heat and Power Market, Germany, Market Size ($m), Figure 34: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 35: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Share by End-User Segment (%), Figure 36: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 37: Combined Heat and Power Market, Netherlands, Market Size ($m), Figure 38: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 39: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Share by End-User Segment (%), Figure 40: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 41: Combined Heat and Power Market, Russia, Market Size ($m), Figure 42: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 43: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by End-User Segment (%), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

19 Table of Contents Figure 44: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Prime Mover (%), Figure 45: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 46: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Share by Capacity Range (%), Figure 47: Combined Heat and Power Market, UK, Market Size ($m), Figure 48: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 49: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Country (GW), Figure 50: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Cumulative Installed Capacity Share by Country (%), 2015 and Figure 51: Combined Heat and Power Market, Asia-Pacific, Market Size ($m), Figure 52: Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 53: Combined Heat and Power Market, China, Market Size ($m), Figure 54: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 55: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Share by End-User Segment (%), Figure 56: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Share by Prime Mover (%), Figure 57: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 58: Combined Heat and Power Market, India, Market Size ($m), Figure 59: Combined Heat And Power Market, Japan, Installed Capacity (GW), Figure 60: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by End-User Segment (%), Figure 61: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Industrial End-User Segment (%), Figure 62: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Commercial End-User Segment (%), Figure 63: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Prime Mover (%), Figure 64: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Share by Fuel Type (%), Figure 65: Combined Heat and Power Market, Japan, Market Size ($m), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Market Size, Segmentation, Regulations and Key Country Analysis to

20 Introduction 2 Introduction 2.1 Combined Heat and Power Technology Cogeneration, or Combined Heat and Power (CHP), is a process in which fuels are used to produce both electrical and thermal energy, leading to a much more efficient use of fuel than in conventional power. Coal, fuel oil, gas, biomass, and biogas are the traditional fuels used for CHP plants. Other renewable technologies such as fuel cells are also used in CHP plants. Usually, conventional electrical generating units are only about 50% efficient, whereas, with CHP plants, 85 95% efficiency is achievable. CHP is the most attractive option for many countries attempting to enhance the efficiency of their energy supplies. CHP is a package of proven and efficient-energy supply technologies, offering significant efficiency gains, and so investment in CHP systems across utilities, as well as industrial sectors, is likely to lead to straightforward, cost-effective efficiency gains. CHP has always attracted substantial interest and many countries have CHP goals and schemes in place. Concerns over climate change have led various governments to propose stringent emissions requirements. The manufacturers, in turn, are focusing on developing new combustion technologies that will help reduce toxic emissions. At this juncture, customers are looking toward the use of energy-efficient technologies and more efficient equipment. With demand for energy constantly increasing, and taking into consideration the challenges in meeting this demand, the increased use of cogeneration among industrial end-users is likely to prove beneficial to all participants, in turn driving the cogeneration market. 20

21 Introduction 2.2 Technology Trends of Combined Heat and Power Technology Trigeneration Trigeneration is a more advanced form of cogeneration. Cogeneration is the simultaneous conversion of a single fuel source into two useful energy products, such as electrical power and steam/hot water, and trigeneration converts the fuel source into three useful end products: typically electricity, steam or hot water, and chilled water. Cogeneration reuses steam not only to generate more electricity but also to heat buildings or for heat-related processes such as industrial drying Shift from Conventional Generation to Powerformers Powerformers are basically integrated generators an integral unit of a generator and a step-up transformer. The generating voltage in a conventional transformer is limited to a maximum of 30 kv (kilovolts), due to limitations on insulation. In a powerformer, this can increase to about 400 kv. High Voltage Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) cables are used as windings in the powerformer. There are several benefits of the powerformer compared to conventional generators. Some are listed below. Considerable savings in project cost, due to the elimination of a step-up transformer and medium voltage switchgear (generator switchgear) Reduced operational and maintenance costs Electrical power losses (the active and reactive losses) are minimized Improvement in plant efficiency by 2 3% Power plant availability and reliability increased, due to the lower number of components Simple plant layout, due to the exclusion of a step-up transformer and its auxiliaries Consumes less space through its installation New Combustion Technology Low emissions in the power sector can only be achieved through improved combustion processes in power generation technology. The catalytic combustion process, developed by Catalytica, is an example of this. Xonon Cool Combustion technology, developed by Catalytica, is based on the catalytic technology that combusts fuel flamelessly. This catalytic combustion process releases the 21

22 Introduction same amount of energy as flame-based combustion systems but at a lower temperature. Xonon combustion system is a pollution control system that is used for the prevention of NOx. Some of the advantages of Xonon combustion technology are as follows: It eliminates the formation of NOx by reducing the temperature in the combustion chamber. It reduces emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons thorough combustion. It avoids costly exhaust clean-up systems to reduce the polluting NOx. It maintains turbine operating performance by releasing the same amount of energy from the fuel and achieves the same combustion efficiency. It reduces the potential for premature component failure by enabling more stable combustion operating conditions, as well as reduced stress and wear-and-tear on expensive combustion parts Heat Recovery Technologies Heat Recovery technologies are essential for CHP systems to recycle the waste heat in industrial processes or in space conditioning the facilities. Various heat recovery systems used along with CHP include: Heat recovery steam boilers can play a great role in using primary energy efficiently when used along with CHP unit. Absorption chillers can convert hot water or steam into chilled water. It is a technology that converts low-temperature waste heat to chiller capacity Desiccant dehumidifier removes moisture from the air, which reduces air conditioning loads and provides better indoor air quality. In a CHP system, the recovered heat can be utilized to regenerate the desiccant material in the dehumidifier Waste Heat to Power Systems Waste heat to power is a process of utilizing waste heat to generate power along with improving efficiency. Industrial sectors such as refineries, glass furnaces, cement kilns, ovens, engines, and steel mills release waste streams and hot exhaust gases that can be harnessed to generate electric power. CHP plants recycle the produced waste heat and achieve efficiency rates of 75% or even higher. Industrial manufacturers, institutions, prisons, military bases, commercial sites such 22

23 Introduction as hotels, casinos, and airports, wastewater treatment facilities, multifamily housing, and planned communities are some of the areas where waste heat to power systems plays an important role. Various benefits of these systems include: Reduced CO2 emissions as waste heat is converted into useful energy Reduced demand on the original fuel source as additional power is being generated from the same amount of fuel Reduced reliance on fossil fuels Major Types of Waste Heat to Power Systems Topping Cycle In Topping Cycle, fuel is first used in a heat engine to generate power, and then the waste heat from the power generation equipment is recovered to provide useful thermal energy. Bottoming Cycle In Bottoming Cycle, fuel is first used to provide thermal energy in an industrial process, such as a furnace, and then the waste heat from that process is used to generate power Condition of Waste Heat to Power in US and China China is the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter in the world. Industrial sectors such as cement, iron and steel, glass, oil and gas, petrochemicals, and others consume about 70% of China s energy. In China, the potential to improve industrial waste heat management is significant. Except for cement industry, waste heat to power technologies has not been implemented in other energy-intensive sectors in China. By 2012, 739 waste heat to power systems were operating with a total installed capacity of 6,575 MW in cement industry of China. However, the country is planning to improve waste heat utilization in all the industrial sectors to reduce coal consumption and to provide environmental and public health benefits. The market penetration of waste heat to power projects is very limited in the US. Mostly waste heat to power systems use heat recovery boiler, steam turbine, and generator which are limited to waste streams with relatively high temperatures. In 2012, there were just 34 waste heat to power projects in the US with 557 MW of power generation capacity. The table below shows the waste heat to power projects in US. 23

24 Introduction Table 1: Combined Heat and Power Market, Waste Heat to Power Projects, US, By Application, 2012 Industries Projects Capacity (MW) Chemicals Petroleum Refining Non-Metallic Mineral Industries 2 10 Primary Metals Landfill Gas Power 1 <1 Natural Gas Compressor Stations Total Source: CHP Installation Database, DoE/ORNL, Combined Heat and Power Prime Movers, Types, Pros/Cons The following table shows the pros and cons of different types of CHP. Table 2: Combined Heat and Power Market, Prime Movers, Types Type Pros Cons Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Microturbine Spark Ignition Reciprocating Engine Compression Ignition Reciprocating Engine Source: GlobalData Highly reliable Low emissions High-grade heat available No cooling required High overall efficiency Ability to meet more than one site heat grade requirement Long working life and high reliability Power to heat ratio can be varied Small number of moving parts Compact size and lightweight Low emissions No cooling required High power efficiency Fast start-up Relatively low investment cost Good load following capability Operate on low-pressure gas Require high-pressure gas or in-house gas compressor Poor efficiency at low loading Output falls as ambient temperature rises Slow start-up Very low power to heat ratio Requires a boiler or other steam source High costs Relatively low mechanical efficiency Limited to lower temperature cogeneration applications High maintenance costs Limited to lower temperature cogeneration applications. Relatively high air emissions High levels of low frequency noise 24

25 Introduction 2.4 End-User Type Institutional Users Institutional users include retirement homes, research institutions, and government buildings Commercial Users Commercial users include light manufacturing hotels, hospitals, large urban office buildings, agricultural operations, and airports Industrial Users Industrial end users include chemical production plants, metallurgy, heavy processing industries refineries, pulp and paper manufacturing facilities, and bio-refineries Residential Users Residential end users include single and multifamily housing. 2.5 Combined Heat and Power Supply Chain The following figure displays the CHP supply chain. Figure 1: Combined Heat and Power Supply Chain CHP site Fuel Equipment manufacturer Developers Consultancy support Gas based Petroleum based Solid fuel based Biomass based Prime movers Heat recovery / Boiler plant Control system Electricity generator Packaged solutions Locally based Niche /Specialist Engineering/ Technical Economic/ Financial Professional/ Specialist Source: GlobalData 25

26 Introduction 2.6 GlobalData Report Guidance The report begins with an executive summary, which gives a snapshot of the global CHP market. Introduction chapter discusses technology trends, prime movers, end-user type of CHP, and the CHP supply chain. Chapter 4 provides a detailed understanding of the global CHP market, it gives an overview of the CHP market, provides information on installed capacity trend for the period, and installed capacity share by region. In addition, the section covers market size estimates for the period. The global section is followed by three regional sections and 11 country sections. The three regions covered are the Americas, Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), and Asia-Pacific. Chapters 5, 10, and 15 cover these regions, respectively. Each regional section contains an overview of the region, provides information on installed capacity trend for the period and discusses installed capacity trend for major countries in the region. The countries covered in the report are the US, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, the UK, China, India, and Japan, in chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, and 18 respectively. Each section gives an overview of the country s CHP market, provides information on installed capacity trend for the period and market segmentation. The country sections also discuss market size ( ), and regulations impacting the CHP market. 26

27 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global 3 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global CHP has been the focus of a great deal of attention, and efforts have been made to develop it as a major contributor toward global heat and electricity demand. CHP consists of a series of proven, reliable, and cost-effective technologies that form an important part of national and regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction strategies. It is considered a key means to enhance energy supply efficiency and utilization of waste heat and low carbon renewable energy resources. The worldwide market for CHP is growing rapidly, as is evident from the high year-on-year growth rate of cumulative installed capacity between 2006 and The market continued to grow even during the economic crisis and subsequent economic slowdown. Countries such as China, US, and Russia achieved considerable installed capacity share from CHP and others such as Japan, UK, Mexico, and Brazil are still in growing phase. Government and industries are investing in different policies to increase the use of CHP in energy technology solutions. Europe is the well-established market in CHP whereas emerging economies in Asia-Pacific, South and Central America, and the MEA are expected to be the major markets in the upcoming period. Asia-Pacific is home to many emerging countries, including India and China, where several CHP installations are under development and the region is also a manufacturing hub. Governments in the region are promoting cogeneration technology through various long-term policies, and financial incentives. Strong commitment from these governments for the development of CHP has led to various R&D initiatives and CHP installations, which will drive market growth. 3.1 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity, The global CHP installed capacity increased from GW in 2006 to GW in 2015 at a CAGR of 5.9%. During , the cumulative capacity installations are expected to increase from GW to GW at a CAGR of 2.8%. Globally, the net capacity additions increased from 22.3 GW in 2006 to 24.0 in During , it is expected to grow from 21.4 GW to 23.3 GW. An average of 23.8 GW of annual additions is expected to take place during the same period. 27

28 Installed capacity (GW) Growth (%) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET Combined Heat and Power Market, Global The figure below illustrates global CHP installed capacity during Figure 2: Combined Heat And Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity (GW), , , Net annual addition Cumulative installed capacity Year on Year growth rate Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] 28

29 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global Table 3: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity (GW), Year Net annual additions Cumulative installed capacity Year-on-year growth rate (%) Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] 29

30 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global 3.2 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity Share by Region, 2015 and 2025 Asia-Pacific accounted for the largest share of CHP installations in 2015, with 45.9%, and is expected to reach 48.5% in EMEA accounted for 38.8% in 2015, but is expected to account 36% in The Americas accounted for 15.4% in 2015 and is expected to account for 15.5% in The following figure illustrates regional shares of global CHP capacity in 2015 and Figure 3: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity Share by Region (%), 2015 and 2025 Inner pie represents 2015 Outer pie represents Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] Americas APAC EMEA Table 4: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Installed Capacity Share by Region (%), 2015 and 2025 Region Asia-Pacific EMEA Americas Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] 30

31 Market size ($m) COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET Combined Heat and Power Market, Global 3.3 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size, The global CHP market increased from $20,978 million in 2006 to $24,134.3 million in 2015 at a CAGR of 1.6%. The market peaked in 2010 and then declined to $31,687.1 million in 2011, and continued the irregular trend. During , the market is expected to grow from $20,495.1 million to $26,165.2 million at a CAGR of 2.8%. Steady growth in annual installations will contribute to the growth in CHP market. The average price of global CHP installations varies from $950 to $1100 per kilowatt (kw). The following figure and table show the global CHP market size during Figure 4: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size ($m), ,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] 31

32 Combined Heat and Power Market, Global Table 5: Combined Heat and Power Market, Global, Market Size ($m), Year Market size , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,165.2 Source: GlobalData Power Database [Accessed on November 7, 2016] 32

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