HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE TESTING FOURTH SYMPOSIUM

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2 HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE TESTING FOURTH SYMPOSIUM A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste Disposal Arlington, VA, 2-4 May 1984 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 886 James K. Petros, Jr., Union Carbide Corp., William J. Lacy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Richard A. Conway, Union Carbide Corp., editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Pnblication Data Hazardous and industrial solid waste testing. (ASTM special technical publication; 886) "A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste Disposal, Arlington, Va., 2-4 May 1984." "ASTM publication code number (PCN) " Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Hazardous wastes Testing Congresses. 2. Factory and trade waste Testing Congresses. I. Petros, James K. II. Lacy, W. J. (William J.) III. Conway, Richard A. IV. ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste Disposal. V. ASTM Symposium on Testing of Hazardous Solid Waste (4th : 1983 : Arlington, Va.) VI. Series. TD811.5.H '028' ISBN Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1985 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in Baltimore, MD February 1986

4 Foreword The fourth symposium on Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing was held on 2-4 May 1984 in Arlington, VA. This symposium was the fourth in a series of annual symposia on hazardous waste sponsored by ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste Disposal. Chairing the symposium were James K. Petros, Jr., Union Carbide Corp., and William J. Lacy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, both of whom also served as editors of this publication. Richard A. Conway, Union Carbide Corp., also served as an editor.

5 Related ASTM Publications Hazardous and Industrial Waste Management and Testing: Third Symposium, STP 851 (1984), Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing: Second Symposium, STP 805 (1983), Hazardous Solid Waste Testing: First Conference, STP 760 (1982), Permeability and Groundwater Contaminant Transport, STP 746 (1981), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Sixth Symposium, STP 802 (1983),

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 ASTM Editorial Staff Helen P. Mahy Janet R. Schroeder Kathleen A. Greene William T. Benzing

8 Contents Introduction 1 ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTES Determination of the Oil Content of Soils JOHN H. MARTIN, JR., AND RAYMOND C. LOEHR 7 A Laboratory Extraction Method to Simulate Codisposal of Solid Wastes in Municipal Waste Landfills c. w. FRANCIS, M. P. MASKARINEC, AND J. C. GOYERT 15 Model Assumptions and Rationale Behind the Development of EP-ni TODD A. KIMMELL AND DAVID FRIEDMAN 36 Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Total and Free Cyanide in Solid Waste LEO R. BARSOTTI AND THOMAS A. PALMER 54 A Rapid Method of Determination of Total Organic Halogens in Industrial Waste Samples WILLIAM J. ZIEGLER AND RICHARD SCHLAUCH 64 An Overview of Selected EPA RCRA Test Method Development and Evaluation Activities DAVID FRIEDMAN 77 Laboratory Evaluation of Test Procedures for Use in the RCRA Hazardous Waste Ignitability Characteristic LARRY C. MICHAEL, REBECCA L. PERRITT, EDO D. PELLIZZARI, AND FLORENCE RICHARDSON 85 A Method for Determining the Reactivity of Hazardous Wastes That Generate Toxic Gases ROBERT W. HANDY, EDO D. PELLIZZARI, AND JAMES A. POPPITI 106 Multilaboratory Analysis of Soil for Leads CARY L. PERKET AND LEO R. BARSOTTI 121

9 Nontarget Compound Analysis of Hazardous Waste and Environmental Extracts by Combined FSCC/GC/FT-IR and FSCC/GC/MS DONALD F. GURKA, MICHAEL H. HIATT, AND RICHARD L. TITUS 139 RISK ASSESSMENT/BIOLOGICAL TEST METHODS Human Exposure Assessment: Basic Elements and Applications in Remedial Engineering Actions at Sites Containing Contaminated Soil and Groundwater JAMES DRAGUN AND THEODORE G. ERLER 165 A Toxicity Reduction Test System to Assist in Predicting Land Treatability of Hazardous Organic Wastes JOHN E. MATTHEWS AND ANTHONY A. BULICH 176 Contact and Artificial Soil Tests Using Earthworms to Evaluate the Impact of Wastes in Soil EDWARD F. NEUHAUSER, RAYMOND C. LOEHR, AND MICHAEL R. MALECKI 192 Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Methods for the Identification of Mutagenic and Cytotoxic Hazardous Waste Samples BARBARA ANDON, MARCUS JACKSON, VIRGINIA HOUK, AND LARRY CLAXTON 204 A Proposed In-Vivo/In-Vitro Approach to the Toxicological Assessment of Hazardous Waste JOELLEN LEWTAS AND BARBARA ANDON 216 LAND TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL TEST METHODS Methods for Testing the Compatibility of Clay Liners with Landfill Leachate JOHN I. BOWDERS, DAVID E. DANIEL, GREGORY P. BRODERICK, AND HOWARD M. LILJESTRAND 233 U.S. EPA Program in Hazardous Waste Landfill Research NORBERT B. SCHOMAKER 251 A Simple Procedure for Acceptance Testing of Freshly Prepared Solidified Waste TOMMY E. MYERS 263

10 Test MethodsforInjectable Barriers PHILIP G. MALONE, ROBERT J. LARSON, JAMES H. MAY, AND JOHN A. BOA, JR. 273 Spatial Variation of Characteristics in the Zone of Incorporation at an Industrial Waste Land Treatment Site RAYMOND C. LOEHR, JOHN H. MARTIN, JR., AND EDWARD F. NEUHAUSER 285 INCINERATION Characterizing Petrochemical Wastes for Combustion KUN-CHIEH LEE, JAMES L. HANSEN, AND GARY M. WHIPPLE 301 Diagnostic Test Bums and Considerations for Selecting Hazardous Waste Incineration Systems LAWRENCE G. DOUCET 314 Test Bums: A Critical Step in the Design of Hazardous Waste Incineration Systems JOSEPH J. SANTOLERI 321 Development of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train for Use in Determining Incinerator Efficiency LARRY D. JOHNSON 335 SUMMARY Summary 347 INDEXES Subject Index 355 Author Index 359 Cumulative Index 361

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