LEEDing with LCA & EPDs

Transcription

1 A business unit of AISI LEEDing with LCA & EPDs MBA Green Builders Symposium October 15 th, 2015

2 Presentation Objectives Background on AISI/SRI LCA Overview Whole Building LCA LEED v4 credits Whole Building LCA tools PCRs/EPDs LEED v4 credits EPD examples LCA in other green building programs, codes, and standards

3 American Iron & Steel Institute

4 Steel Recycling Institute

5 N. American Steel Industry Overview Direct employment of over 150,000 people in the U.S. Steel shipments of 98 million tons in % recycling rate in 2013 (higher in construction) Voluntary 32% reduction in energy intensity since 1990

6 Sustainable Construction is Here to Stay!

7 Overview of LEED

8 LEED v4 BD+C What has changed? Clear focus on transparency and performance New Integrative Process credit incentivizes LEED considerations at project start New credit category to address project location and transportation considerations Incorporates international requirements o LEED is used in over 145 countries Complete rewrite of Materials & Resources section o Whole-building LCA o EPDs o Disclosure of Chemical Ingredients o Responsible Extraction of Raw Materials

9 Product Life Cycle

10 Life Cycle Assessment LCA is a standardized technique to assess potential environmental impacts associated with a product, process, or service ISO 14040:2006 (en) Environmental management Life Cycle Assessment Principles and Framework

11 Collection of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data Water Emissions Materials Materials Energy Product Manufacture Water Product Waste Co-Products & Materials for Recovery

12 Collection of LCI Data Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions M/E/H2O M/E/H2O M/E/H2O M/E/H2O M/E/H2O Raw Material Extraction Materials Manufacture Product Manufacture Use End-of-life Treatment W/CP W/CP W/CP MR W/CP W/CP MR M/E/H2O = Materials, Energy, and Water MR = Materials for Recovery (e.g., steel scrap) W/CP = Wastes and Co-products Adapted from: T. Gloria, Life Cycle Assessment: A Tutorial, Greenbiz webinar, Feb. 19, 2013

13 LCI Data North American LCI datasets available for these products: Hot Rolled Coil Cold Rolled Coil Hot Dip Galvanized Plate Sections (interim) Rebar (interim) Pickled Hot Rolled Coil Finished Cold Rolled Coil Tinplate New LCI data being collected globally this year.

14 LCI Data

15 LCI Data

16 LCI Data Sources Primary Product manufacturers Retailers Suppliers Industry associations (average data) Secondary or average Literature and published LCA reports Public and proprietary databases GaBi databases (licensed) up to 5,000 datasets Ecoinvent databases (licensed) 2,000+ datasets NREL U.S. LCI Database (free) 3,000+ datasets ILCD (free) over 36 linked data libraries

17 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Most commonly reported Additional impacts: Human health toxicity Eco-toxicity Resource depletion (fossil fuel and mineral) Land use change Habitat disruption Source: Architectural Record, Continuing Education Center

18 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)

19 Necessity of LCIA Inventory: Emission Amount (kg) Share Significance Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 2, % High? Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) % Low? Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) % Very low? Impact Assessment: Emission Equivalence (GWP) GWP Contribution (kg CO 2 eq) Share Significance CO 2 1 2, % Low N 2 O 298 5, % Moderate SF 6 22,800 45, % High Adapted from: T. Gloria, Life Cycle Assessment: A Tutorial, Greenbiz webinar, Feb. 19, 2013

20 Benefits of LCA Credibly, transparently assess and report potential environmental impacts across entire product life cycle Examine tradeoffs for between life cycle stages and/or impacts product development, decision-making, policy initiatives Hot spot identification areas for improvement, best practices Fair comparisons between competing materials

21 LEED v4 BD+C Materials and Resources Possible Points: 13 Y Prereq 1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Required Y Prereq 2 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning Required Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction Credit 1 5 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Environmental Product Declarations Credit 2 2 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials Credit 3 2 Credit 4 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Material Ingredients 2 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Credit 5 2 Total Possible Points: 110 C ert if ied 4 0 t o 4 9 p o int s Silver 50 t o 59 p o int s Go ld 6 0 t o 79 p o int s Plat inum 8 0 t o 110

22 LEED v4 BD+C Building Life Cycle Impact Reduction (5 points) Intent: encourage adaptive reuse and optimize environmental performance of products and materials Four options, including full or partial building reuse Option 1: Historic building reuse (5 points) Option 2: Renovation of abandoned or blighted building (5 points) Option 3: Building and material reuse (2-4 points) Option 4: Whole-building Life Cycle Assessment (3 points)

23 LEED v4 BD+C Option 4 Whole-building LCA Building structure and enclosure Cradle-to-grave (excluding operational energy) Baseline and proposed buildings must be of comparable: Size Function Orientation Operating energy performance as defined in EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance. Building service life: at least 60 years. Use the same LCA software tools and ISO compliant data sets. Narrative describing LCA assumptions, scope, baseline building, and proposed building.

24 LEED v4 BD+C Option 4 Whole-building LCA Design must show 10% reduction in at least 3 of the following vs. reference building (one must be GWP): Global warming potential (kg CO 2 e); Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer (kg CFC-11); Acidification of land and water sources (moles H + or kg SO 2 ); Eutrophication (kg nitrogen or kg phosphate); Formation of tropospheric ozone (kg NO x or kg ethene); and Depletion of nonrenewable energy resources (MJ). No impact category may increase by more than 5%.

25 Whole Building LCA Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute

26 Whole Building LCA Comprehensive LCA software GaBi SimaPro OpenLCA Whole Building LCA-specific tools Athena Impact Estimator (referenced in LEED) Tally (accepted by USGBC) etoollcd buildlca (worldsteel) Guidance Documents AIA (2010) Athena Sustainable Materials Institute (2014) In-development: USGBC, Structural Engineering Institute

27 Whole Building LCA - Athena Impact Estimator Free software specifically mentioned in LEED v4 Intended to make LCA accessible to designers Limited understanding of LCA necessary (good and bad!) Can model over 1,200 structural and envelope assembly combinations BOM import from any CAD program Version released July 2015

28 Whole Building LCA - Athena Impact Estimator

29 Whole Building LCA - Athena Impact Estimator

30 Whole Building LCA

31 Whole Building LCA

32 Tally A joint development project from KT Innovations, PE International, and Autodesk.

33 Whole Building LCA - Tally Annual licensing fees Requires use (and costs) of Autodesk Revit model Cradle-to-grave whole building scope Manufacturing, maintenance and replacement, and end-of-life Currently excludes impacts from construction and operational energy

34 Whole Building LCA - Tally

35 LEED v4 BD+C Next 3 M&R credits have a two-part focus: Part 1 = Disclosure Part 2 = Optimization Disclosure (noun): Transparency of product supply chains, ingredients, and life-cycle impacts Optimization (verb): Reward for products meeting thresholds or benchmarks for performance Market Transformation

36 LEED v4 BD+C Materials and Resources Possible Points: 13 Y Prereq 1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Required Y Prereq 2 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning Required Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction Credit 1 5 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Environmental Product Declarations Credit 2 2 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials Credit 3 2 Credit 4 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Material Ingredients 2 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Credit 5 2 Total Possible Points: 110 C ert if ied 4 0 t o 4 9 p o int s Silver 50 t o 59 p o int s Go ld 6 0 t o 79 p o int s Plat inum 8 0 t o 110

37 LEED v4 BD+C Building Product Disclosure and Optimization Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Intent: To encourage the use of products and materials for which life-cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically and socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To reward project teams for selecting products from manufacturers who have verified improved environmental life-cycle impacts.

38 LEED v4 BD+C Building Product Disclosure and Optimization EPDs (2 points) Option 1 (1 point) EPDs for 20 different products from at least 5 manufacturers Product Specific Type III EPD = 1 product Industry-wide (generic) EPDs = ½ product Product Specific Declarations (LCA) = ¼ product

39 LEED v4 BD+C Building Product Disclosure and Optimization EPDs (2 points) Option 2 (1 point) Multi-attribute Optimization : must meet one of the following (50% of total cost) Third party certified products demonstrate impact reduction below industry average in at least three of six impact categories Products sourced (extracted, manufactured, purchased) within 100 miles are valued at 200% their base contributing cost

40 Building Products LCA & EPDs Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute

41 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)

42 Background on PCRs/EPDs Note: Not every LCA comes from a PCR or leads to an EPD Caution: EPDs can appear more comprehensive than they are. Source: BuildingGreen, Inc., The Product Transparency Movement: Peeking Behind the Corporate Veil, December 27, 2011.

43 Product Category Rules A set of detailed rules, requirements, and guidelines for developing Type III environmental declarations for specific product categories

44 Background on PCRs/EPDs Who is Involved? Source: Architectural Record, Continuing Education Center

45 Background on PCRs/EPDs Overarching standards for life cycle assessment Principles & procedures for Type III EPDs Framework & basic requirements for a building products PCR Core PCR for construction product EPDs e.g., PR EN for wood EPDs Source: Adapted from ArcelorMittal presentation, worldsteel LCA Expert Group, October 2013.

46 Steel Construction Product PCR

47 Industry-wide Steel EPD: In-progress

48 Manufacturer-specific Steel EPD

49 Manufacturer-specific Steel EPD

50 Manufacturer-specific Steel EPD

51 Manufacturer-specific Steel EPD

52 Manufacturer-specific Steel EPD

53 Manufacturer-specific Steel EPD

54 Limitations Potential environmental impacts All relevant environmental impacts should be considered Only one of several environmental management techniques (e.g., risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, auditing) Assumptions and data sources can significantly affect results Comparability proceed with caution *Transparency and communication is key!

55 LCA Other Building Programs/Standards Green Building Ratings Programs Green Globes BSR/GBI X, Public Comment Draft: Whole Building LCA and EPDs Living Building Challenge 3.0: product carbon footprint Building Standards/Codes IgCC 2012: Whole Building LCA (EPD provisions in next version) ASHRAE 189.1: Whole Building LCA

56 Coming Soon!

57 Questions?? Brandie M. Sebastian, LCACP Manager, Life Cycle Assessment Steel Recycling Institute (412)