International cooperation in the field of CCS - Approaches and implementation

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1 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft International cooperation in the field of CCS - Approaches and implementation 9. September 2014 Jürgen-Friedrich Hake Wolfgang Fischer

2 Assesment of Energy Technology and Energy Systems Technology Efficiency Maturity etc. Environment Local Emissions Climate Change etc. Economy Costs Market Potential etc. Society Public Perception Regulation etc. Institute for Energy and Climate Research 9. September 2014 System Analysis and Technology Evaluation Folie 2

3 Deployment of CCS Why is there a need for policy and regulation? Carbon Capture and Storage: fulfills primarily climate policy objectives faces multiple market failures requires financial and policy incentives requires regulation regarding the technology deployment 9. September 2014 Folie 3

4 Exploring the idea of CCS Cesare Marchetti publishes On Geoengineering and the CO2 Problem (1976) This is not the place to think of each consumer filling his own little balloons with CO2 to be processed by his municipality. The problem has to be tackled upstream. [ ] one of the numerous (a dozen) processes of stripping CO2 from other gases [ ] which are currently used in industry could be employed. CO2 can be easily compressed [ ]. It can be transported in pipelines that are essentially the same as those for methane. [CO2 disposal] could be done in the form of a permanent underground storage, e.g. by using exhausted gas fields. Source: Marchetti, C. (1976): On Geoengineering and the CO2 Problem Institute for Energy and Climate Research 9. September 2014 System Analysis and Technology Evaluation Folie 4

5 International networks and organizations IPCC UNFCCC G8 CEM CSLF GCCSI IEAGHG 1990~ : Scoping meeting, Regina 1992: UNFCCC launched 1997: Kyoto protocol finalized 1st GHGT conference 2005: Special report 2005: welcomes IPCC Special Report 2005: Gleneagles Plan of Action 2003: Inaugural meeting 2006: Inventory guidelines 2006: Workshops CCS and CCS & CDM 2008: Commitment to 20 largescale demo projects by Early opportunities workshops 2008: GCCSI announcement 2007: Capture-ready report 2010: CCS eligible in CDM 2009: 1st CEM 2010: CCUS established 2014: CCS part of mitigation (bio) 2010: CCS Roadmap 2011: Durban Modalities & Features for CCS 2009: Energy Ministers pro CCS 2014: CCUS recommendations 2013: Revised Roadmap 2013: last update on global status of CCS GHGT- every 2 years 9. September 2014 Source: de Coninck, Bäckstrand 2011, Schenk 2013 Folie 5

6 IPCC - Recognition of CCS as a climate change mitigation option IPCC - Special Report on CCS (2005) Technical findings: For geological storage, 99% of the CO 2 is very likely to be retained over 100 years, and 99% of the CO 2 is likely to be retained over 1,000 years. Policy findings: CCS is an important option available to reduce the impacts of climate change There is a need to increase public awareness of CCS There is a need for the development of suitable regulatory frameworks 9. September 2014 Source: IPCC SR on CCS Folie 6

7 Incentivizing the worldwide deployment of CCS Inclusion of CCS into the clean development mechanism project activities (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol G8 CSLF GCCSI 2005: Gleneagles Plan of Action enhancing international cooperation on CCS 2008: Target of launching 20 large-scale CCS demonstration projects globally by Summits: Confirming the objectives 2014 Rome (G 7): promote use of CCS CCS demonstration project recognition Early opportunity workshops for stakeholders CCS Roadmap 2010 IEA/CSLF Report to the Muskoka G8 Leaders Summit Database on the status of CCS projects 9. September 2014 Folie 7

8 International collaboration on CCS R&D and demonstration CSLF, IEAGHG R&D Programme, IEA Clean Coal Centre Knowledge-sharing (R&D, pilot and demonstration projects) Networking Identification of international best practice Concept definition (e.g. capture-ready ), development of guidelines for regulatory purposes 9. September 2014 Folie 8

9 Development of CCS in Europe (power generation only) Project Location Project phase Capture Transport Storage White Rose (formerly UK Oxy CCS Demonstration)* UK Planned Oxy-fuel Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore deep saline Teesside Low Carbon (formerly Eston Grange CCS Plant) UK Planned Pre-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore deep saline Rotterdam Opslag en Afvang Demonstratieproject Netherlands Planned Post-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore depleted oil and/or gas reservoir Peterhead Gas CCS Project UK Planned Post-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore depleted oil and/or gas reservoir Industrikraft Möre AS Norway Norway Planned Post-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Not Specified Don Valley Power Project UK Planned Pre-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore deep saline formations Captain Clean Energy Project (formerly Caledonia Clean Energy Project) UK Planned Pre-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore deep saline formations C.GEN North Killingholme Power Project UK Planned Pre-combustion Onshore to offshore pipeline Offshore deep saline formations The GCCSI map identifies 60 CCS-projects around the world, of which 21 are active. Two of these active projects are power generation projects (Boundary Dam, Kemper), both enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. 8 power generation projects are planned in Europe (see above); *the only project applying for NER300 2nd round. 9. September 2014 Institute for Energy and Climate Research Source: GCCSI project database Folie 9 System Analysis and Technology Evaluation as of June 2014

CCS and Resistance in Germany Strorage areas Potential

Local/political resistance CCS power plant (cancelled) Demo

cancelled in 2013 Source: http://www.eurosolar.de/de/index.

10 CCS and Resistance in Germany Strorage areas Potential pipelines Local/political resistance Other strorage areas - Local/political resistance CCS power plant (cancelled) Demo plant Jänschwalde by Vattefall, part of the EU EEPR funding, cancelled in 2013 Source: wrapper&itemid=289; [ ] 9. September 2014 Folie 10

11 Public survey in Germany: Willingness to be active against CO 2 -Storage Offshore-Storage Arithmetic mean 1 Standard deviation 2 Onshore-Storage Arithmetic mean 1 Standard deviation 2 Region Coastal District Nordfriesland Costal District Aurich incl. Islands Nationwide 5,0 2,3 5,2 2,3 4,5 2,3 4,8 2,3 4,2 2,2 4,8 2,2 1 Scale from 1 (= I totally oppose) to 7 (=I absolutely agree). The higher the arithmetic mean, the more willing people are to do something against CO2-storage (e. g. demonstrations). 2 Measures the amount of variation or dispersion from the average. Source: IEK-STE 2914, own representative survey 9. September 2014 Folie 11

12 Summary on international cooperation in the field of CCS The key actors of international cooperation are governments, industry and academia that cooperate in the framework of international organizations, scientific organizations, and R&D networks CCS was recognized as a climate change mitigation option after the release of the IPCC SR on CCS The international organizations address the deployment of CCS by means of goal-setting, roadmapping activities, and inclusion of CCS in the existing mechanisms of international climate change mitigation The international R&D networks focus on knowledge sharing and contribute to technical concepts definition for regulatory purposes But limited outreach? - Local/political resistance against CCS, in particular storage; - in EU not a single CCS project was awarded funding under the first round of the NER September 2014 Folie 12

13 IEA CCS Roadmap 2013 Carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be a critical component in a portfolio of low-carbon energy technologies if governments undertake ambitious measures to combat climate change. The individual component technologies required for capture, transport and storage are generally well understood and, in some cases, technologically mature. Governments and industry must ensure that the incentive and regulatory frameworks are in place to deliver upwards of 30 operating CCS projects by 2020 across a range of processes and industrial sectors. CCS is not only about electricity generation. Almost half (45%) of the CO 2 captured between 2015 and 2050 in the 2DS is from industrial applications. Given their rapid growth in energy demand, the largest deployment of CCS will need to occur in non-organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. This decade is critical for moving deployment of CCS beyond the demonstration phase in accordance with the 2DS. Institute for Energy and Climate Research 9. September 2014 System Analysis and Technology EvaluationFolie 13

Clean Energy and CCS Focus on Industrial Applications Energy intensive industries account for a significant part of global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions.

14 Clean Energy and CCS Focus on Industrial Applications Energy intensive industries account for a significant part of global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. CCS is the only option to decarbonize many industrial sectors. CCS in industrial applications requires more attention from policy makers. Demonstration of CCS in industrial applications is not happening fast enough. Policies must consider the global competitiveness of industrial sectors. 9. September 2014 Folie 14

IEA CCS 2014 What lies in store for CCS? Key Actions Introduce financial support mechanisms for demonstration and early deployment of CCS to drive private financing of projects.

15 IEA CCS 2014 What lies in store for CCS? Key Actions Introduce financial support mechanisms for demonstration and early deployment of CCS to drive private financing of projects. Implement policies that encourage storage exploration, characterization and development for CCS projects. Develop national laws and regulations as well as provisions for multilateral finance that effectively require new-build, base-load, fossil-fuel power generation capacity to be CCS-ready. Prove capture systems at pilot scale in industrial applications where CO 2 capture has not yet been demonstrated. Significantly increase efforts to improve understanding among the public and stakeholders of CCS technology and the importance of its deployment. Reduce the cost of electricity from power plants equipped with capture through continued technology development and use of highest possible efficiency power generation cycles. Encourage efficient development of CO 2 transport infrastructure by anticipating locations of future demand centres and future volumes of CO September 2014 Folie 15

16 References IPCC: IPCC SR on CCS (2005): IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. IGES, Japan. Roadmaps: IEA (2009) Technology Roadmap. Carbon capture and Storage. CSLF (2010) Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum technology roadmap. A global response to the challenge of climate change. February 27: 2012, COM(2011) 112 (2011) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in The European Commission, IEA (2011) Technology Roadmap - Carbon Capture and Storage in Industrial Applications. OECD / IEA / UNIDO, Policy and regulation: IEA (2012): Carbon capture and storage - Legal and Regulatory Review, Edition 3. OECD/IEA, Paris CSLF (2010) CSLF incentives registry KERR, T., HAVERCROFT, I. & DIXON, T. (2009) Legal and regulatory developments associated with carbon dioxide capture and storage: A global update. Energy Procedia, 1:1, KUCKSHINRICHS, W., HAKE, J.-F., Eds. (2014) Cabon Capture, Storage and Use - Technical, Economic, Environmental and Societal Perspectives. Springer International Publishing, Cham, in print: RAI, V., VICTOR, D. G. & THURBER, M. C. (2009) Carbon capture and storage at scale : Lessons from the growth of analogous energy technologies. PESD Stanford, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. RUSSIAL, T. J. (2011) Carbon capture and storage legal and regulatory framework. CCC/179. CCS in CDM: DECISION 7/CMP.6 (2010) Carbon dioxide capture and storage in geological formations as clean development mechanism project activities. Preprint, 27. Juni, 2011, CCS global status updates: IEA/CSLF (2010) IEA/CSLF report to the Muskoka 2010 G8 summit - Carbon capture and storage - Progress and next steps. OECD/IEA, CSLF, prepared with the cooperation of the Global CCS Institute, August 16: 2010, GCCSI (2011) The Global Status of CCS: Canberra, Global CCS Institute. International cooperation in the field of CCS: BÄCKSTRAND, K. (2008) Accountability of networked climate governance: The rise of transnational climate partnerships. Global Environmental Politics, 8:3. HAGEMANN, M., MOLTMANN, S., PALENBERG, A., DE VISSER, E., HÖHNE, N., JUNG, M. & BAKKER, S. (2011) CATO-2 Deliverable WP 2.3-D03, Background paper on Role of CCS in the international climate regime. DE CONINCK, H. & BÄCKSTRAND, K. (2011) An International Relations perspective on the global politics of carbon dioxide capture and storage. Global Environmental Change, 21:2, DE CONINCK, H., FISCHER, C., NEWELL, R. G. & UENO, T. (2008) International technology-oriented agreements to address climate change. Energy Policy, 36, SCHENK, O. (2013) Interest Mediation and Policy Formulation in the European Union. Influence of Transnational Technology-Oriented Agreements on European Policy in the Field of Carbon Capture and Storage. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich. Institute for Energy and Climate Research 9. September 2014 System Analysis and Technology Evaluation Folie 16

17 Thank you for the attention! Questions? Institute for Energy and Climate Research 9. September 2014 System Analysis and Technology Evaluation Folie 17

UK CCS Commercialisation Programme 9 November Will Lochhead Head of CCS Strategy, R&D & International

UK CCS Commercialisation Programme 9 November 2015 Will Lochhead Head of CCS Strategy, R&D & International Why CCS is important for the UK CCS offers a way to retain the flexible loadbalancing properties