Vapor Intrusion: A State s Perspective

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1 Vapor Intrusion: A State s Perspective Karl Reinbold Ohio E.P.A. Division of Emergency & Remedial Response (DERR) Site Investigation Field Unit (SIFU)

2 Vapor Intrusion: A State s Perspective Soil Vapor Intrusion Arrives in Ohio Acceptance is not submission; it is acknowledgement of the facts of a situation. Then deciding what you're going to do about it.

3 State Decision Making What What are the criteria? (4 general criteria) What What are the options? (4 general options) Follow Follow the ground water, soil gas, sub-slab slab gas, indoor air (as needed) investigation approach.

4 Site Criteria to Consider Site Specific Information Site Complexities size/nature of area impacted Will it be a major effort...or Ease to eliminate the source Types and number of media affected-gw, soil, VI potential? Types of COC s Source of contamination Depth to ground water Soil Type Severity of the site Population potentially exposed Chemicals of Concern (COC s) Exposure concentrations/potential risk

5 Site Criteria to Consider (cont.) Viability Viability of Responsible Party (RP) Willingness to work for remediation of the site Fiscally solvent ($)? State State Resources Staff resource availability $ - low compared to USEPA resources

6 Ohio s Options for VI Sites U.S. EPA Ohio EPA Removal Removal Remedial Remedial VAP

7 Removal Program USEPA Ohio s Options: Removal or Remedial Pros Quick Action Risks Reduced quickly ( (e.g., vapor abatement systems) State perspective conserves State s resources Program finances, staff and laws well set up to address immediate threats of completed VI pathways Cons Long term clean-up often not addressed (State decides best course of action) May weaken case for USEPA Remedial Actions (HRS scoring/tiering may be reduced if no complete VI pathway) State perspectives - Long term costs may burden State ( (e.g., e.g., O&M costs) May effect State s negotiation for clean-up of site (threat is reduced) May take $ away from other high-threat removal projects (not VI related)

8 Ohio s Options: Removal or Remedial Removal Removal Program (cont.) Ohio EPA Ohio Ohio has no formal removal program Exceptions can be made case dependent Ohio Ohio has performed a few state-lead removal actions VI investigation at daycare facility PAH clean-up of stream through a city park (non-vi related) Ford Brothers Scioto River - Joint USEPA/OEPA effort Newark Processing

9 Remedial Remedial Program Ohio s Options: Removal or Remedial USEPA (Superfund or Superfund Alternative Sites) ProsPros Comprehensive evaluation and clean-up Interim actions can take place at any time to address exposure potentials prior to clean-up State perspective conserves State resources ConsCons Time consuming can be a long term action USEPA selects the remedy

10 Ohio s Options: Removal or Remedial Remedial Remedial Program (cont.) Ohio EPA ProsPros Comprehensive evaluation and clean-up Interim action possibilities State selects the remedy ConsCons Time consuming Most resource intensive from a state perspective

11 Ohio s Options: Removal or Remedial Ohio Ohio Voluntary Action Program (VAP) Pros Most Most often used for properties where contamination does not effect off-property receptors Can Can engineer protective measures for future construction (many VAP sites are being redeveloped) Conserves State resources Cons VAP VAP limited in ability to address multiple off-site receptors State State has little input into decision making

12 Vapor Intrusion Sampling in Ohio

13 Troy VOC Plume Located within the Great Miami River buried valley aquifer designated sole-source source aquifer 10 wells screened in sand/gravel; producing 5.4 mgd, serving ~24,000 Water Table: bgs TCE & cis-1,2 1,2-DCE detected in east well field since 1988 (<MCL s) Potential Sources: Adhesive-coated paper manufacturer & cabinet maker Numerous state-lead investigations; IA in 2000; ESI 2002 unknown source(s) in a predominantly residential neighborhood 980 ug/l; 34 ug/l

14 Troy VOC Plume Removal Action Assessment July 06-April 07 Sub-slab & indoor air sampling 78 Residences 2 Churches 4 Schools Troy Police Station Removal Action - initiated May 31, 2007 Screening Action Levels established by ATSDR and ODH PCE: 1.2 TCE: 0.4

15 Troy VOC Plume Removal Action Assessment Sample Locations Installation of vapor abatement systems to occur at 16 residences & 1 elementary school (June/July 2007)

16 Behr Dayton Thermal VOC Plume 2001: TCE in GW beneath residential 10,000 ug/l Mar. 2006: TCE at 3900 ug/l Water table: ~20 bgs Oct. 2006: OEPA soil gas samples - TCE as high as 160,000 ppbv verge of immediate AL?

17 Behr Dayton Thermal VOC Plume Referred to USEPA for time-critical removal action USEPA residential sub-slab slab samples at 8 residences TCE as high as 62,000 ppbv All 8 residences exceeded sub-slab slab screening levels (4 ppbv) USEPA residential indoor air samples at 8 residences All 8 residences exceeded ATSDR residential indoor air screening levels ( ppbv) 3 samples exceed TCE indoor air immediate action level of 100 ppbv

18 Behr Dayton Thermal VOC Plume Administrative Order by Consent signed by PRP Sampling & installation of TCE vapor abatement systems in up to 21 residences (Phase 1) May systems installed in residences; 2 in commercial businesses RP performing verification sampling on installed systems and sampling at 43 additional homes (Phase 2)

19 Behr Dayton Thermal Vapor Abatement Systems Installed

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