Portugal Energy efficiency report

Transcription

1 Portugal Energy efficiency report Objectives: o 2.2 Mtoe of end-user energy savings by 216 o 25% savings in primary energy consumption by 22 Overview - (%/year) Primary intensity (EU=1)¹ % - CO 2 intensity (EU=1) % - CO 2 emissions per capita (in tco 2 /cap) % ++ Power generation - (%/year) Efficiency of thermal power plants (in %) % - Rate of electricity T&D losses (in %) % - CO 2 emissions per kwh generated (in gco2/kwh) % ++ Industry - (%/year) Energy intensity (EU=1) % - Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption (in %) % + Unit consumption of steel (in toe/t) % ++ * and - for steel ++ Among the best performing countries + Above the EU average 1 - Below the EU average 1 --Among the worst performing countries Latest update: February The European Union, as the best performing region, is used as the benchmark.

2 1. Overview 1.1. Policies: 25% energy savings by 22 Portugal adopted its National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) in and revised it in July. The energy savings target was raised from 1.8 Mtoe in 215 to 2.2 Mtoe in 216. Of those savings, 38 percent must be achieved in the transport sector, 29 percent in the households and services sector, 24 percent in industry, 4 percent in public administrations and 5 percent through behavioral changes. In November the Government raised the primary energy consumption reduction target for 22 from 2 percent to 25 percent. An Energy Efficiency Fund (EEF) was created in May with an initial allocation of 1.5 million (about $2 million) to encourage behavioral changes and raise awareness, and to support energy efficiency projects (technology-oriented projects and projects not covered by the NEEAP). In 212, the Fund targeted three fields: industry, residential buildings and public services. In June 212, 2.5 million (about $3 million) were added to the fund to support energy efficiency improvements (solar water heaters, efficient windows, energy certification of buildings) in existing multifamily residential buildings. The Energy Efficiency Program in Public Administration (ECO.AP) aims to improve energy efficiency in public services by 2 percent by 22. A Qualification System of Energy Services Companies (SQESE) was also introduced Energy consumption trends: decrease since Portugal s total energy consumption per capita is 34 percent below the EU average, at 2.2 toe in. Total energy consumption grew rapidly until (3.7 percent/year). The growth in energy consumption slowed down between and (1.4 percent/year). Since then, it has decreased steadily as a result of the economic crisis (-12 percent between and ). Figure 1: Energy consumption trends by sector 3 25 Other Industry Power generation 2 Mtoe The share of industry (including non-energy uses) in total energy consumption dropped from 4 percent in to 29 percent in, while that of the power sector has remained relatively stable (28 percent in ). Portugal s electricity consumption per capita is 2 percent lower than the EU average, although it almost doubled between and (around 4,6 kwh/cap in ). Total electricity consumption increased rapidly until (3.5 percent/year since and 5 percent/year between and ) and has remained roughly stable since then. The share of electricity consumption in final consumption has increased steadily, from 15 percent in to 23 percent in. Industrial electricity consumption increased strongly between and (+2.9 percent/year), slowed down until, and has been falling since then due to the economic stalemate. The share of the industrial sector in Portugal Country reports 2

3 electricity consumption is now 36 percent, compared with 51 percent in. That fall is due to the strong increase in the electricity consumption of the households and services sector (+5.1 percent/year over - ), which now accounts for 64 percent of electricity consumption, compared with 46 percent in. Figure 2: Electricity consumption trends by sector 6 5 Industry Others 4 TWh Energy efficiency trends: improvements since Portugal s total energy intensity (total energy consumption per unit of GDP), measured at purchasing power parity, is 13 percent lower than the EU average (). Between and, the total energy intensity decreased by 1 percent/year. Nearly 85 percent of the efficiency gains were posted in the industrial sector, while the power sector contributed 16 percent to the decrease in overall energy intensity. Figure 3: Energy intensity trends.% - -.2% %/year -.4% -.6% -.8% Other Industry Power generation -1.% -1.2% Portugal Country reports 3

4 2. Power generation: large penetration of gas combined cycles The efficiency of the power sector increased substantially over the period -, from 48 percent to 59 percent. This trend was mainly driven by energy efficiency improvements in thermal generation, where the average efficiency rose from 39 percent to 41 percent in. That improvement was achieved through the commissioning of new gas combined cycles: their capacity rose almost five-fold between and (4.7 GW in ), and now accounts for 43 percent of the thermal capacity. In, the efficiency rates fell due to a fall in hydropower generation, which was partly offset by a strong increase in coal-fired generation. Figure 4: Efficiency of power generation and thermal power plants Figure 5: Thermal electricity capacity, by technology Steam Gas turbines Combined cycles % 45 4 GW Total power generation Thermal power plants 2 The rate of T&D losses in Portugal decreased steadily, by a total of almost 4 percentage points, between and, and is now around 7.8 percent, ie slightly above the EU average (). Figure 6: Electric T&D losses % Portugal Country reports 4

5 3. Industry 3.1. Policies: monitoring of energy-intensive facilities and CHP promotion In, Portugal adopted a new legal framework to support power generation from CHP plants with a capacity of 1 MW or less. It offers a premium for gas-fired units and a special remuneration for renewable CHP units, consisting of an efficiency premium (based on primary energy savings) and renewable energy premium (based on the share of renewable energies consumed). The Intensive Energy Consumption Management System (SGCIE) was created in as part of the NEEAP to register energy-intensive facilities (over 5 toe/year). Installations consuming more than 1, toe/year must conduct energy audits every 6 years, and have to reduce their energy and carbon intensity by 6 percent. The reduction goal for installations consuming between 5 toe/year and 1, toe/year is 4 percent, and audits have to be carried out every 8 years. The facilities concerned must elaborate Plans for the Rationalization of Energy Consumption (PREn) and are subject to financial penalties for non-compliance. These PREn agreements lead to tax exemptions (tax on petroleum and energy products), partial compensation for energy audit costs and 25 percent compensation for investments in energy consumption management and monitoring equipment and systems. Other measures include the promotion of CHP installations or CHP conversion to biomass and natural gas; the creation of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs, which are part of the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN) system); financing of up to 35 percent of energy efficiency through the application of the Incentive System for Innovation; and launching energy efficiency tenders for small and medium enterprises Energy consumption trends: rising CHP generation and gas consumption The energy consumption of the industrial sector grew by an average of 2.9 percent between and and dropped by an average of 1.5 percent/year between and. The global economic crisis accelerated the fall in industrial energy consumption in. Figure 2: Trends in industrial energy consumption Mtoe The share of electricity in industrial energy consumption has been growing regularly, from 22 percent in to 27 percent in. The market shares of oil and coal have fallen sharply, from 38 percent and 14 percent, respectively, in, to 18 percent and 1 percent, respectively, in. Gas is increasingly consumed in the industrial sector (+57 percent between and ) and its share in industrial energy consumption is now 19 percent. The share of biomass is exceptionally high, accounting for 28 percent in. Energy-intensive industries (steel, chemical, non-metallic minerals and paper) absorb 68 percent of industrial energy consumption. Non-metallic minerals production (mainly cement) is the largest energy-consuming sector (3 percent in ), followed by the paper industry (24 percent in ). The chemical and steel sectors consume 11 percent and 3 percent, respectively, of industrial energy consumption. Portugal Country reports 5

6 1% Figure 83: Energy consumption of industry, by source 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Biomass Heat Electricity Gas Oil Coal/Lignite 1% Figure 4: Energy consumption of industry, by branch 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Other Paper Non metallic minerals Chemical Steel 3.3. Energy intensity trends: low energy efficiency improvements Industrial energy intensity (consumption per unit of industrial value added) decreased by 1.6 percent/year over the period -, but this trend remained below the European trend. Indeed, limited efficiency gains were posted in the most consuming branches, such as paper (-1.5 percent/year in the specific energy consumption per ton of paper produced). The specific consumption even grew in the cement and chemical branches. Large efficiency gains were posted in the steel sector but had a marginal impact due to the limited consumption of this sector. Figure 5: Trends in the energy intensity of industrial branches 4% 2% %/year % -2% -4% -6% -8% -1% -12% - - *Including construction and mining Total* Steel Chemical Cement Paper, Odyssee Combined heat and power generation in industry is very well established in Portugal: in it represented the equivalent of 45 percent of industrial electricity consumption, which is 2.5 times higher than the EU average (18 percent). It accounted for just 11 percent in and increased rapidly between and. Portugal Country reports 6

7 Figure 6: Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption 5% 45% 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % The energy intensity of the manufacturing industry in Portugal decreased by 1.6 percent/year between and. That reduction is mainly explained by a shift in the industrial structure towards a greater share of the equipment sector in the total value added. At constant structure, the energy intensity of the manufacturing sector increased slightly (+.4 percent/year). Figure 72: Trends in the energy intensity of manufacturing and structural effect.5%.% -.5% - %/year -1.% -1.5% -2.% -2.5% Real variation Structural effect Change at constant structure, Odyssee Portugal Country reports 7