Solar Energy Applications to Dwellings
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1 Solar Energy Applications to Dwellings
2 Solar Energy R&D in the European Community Series A: Solar Energy Applications to Dwellings Volume 2 Publication arrangements: D. NICOLAY
3 Solar Energy R&D in the European Community Series A Volume 2 Solar Energy Applications to Dwellings Proceedings of the EC Contractors' Meeting held in Meersburg (ER.G.), June 1982 edited by W. PALZ Commission of the ~ropean Communities and C. DEN DUDEN Institute of Applied Physics TNO-TH D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY Dordrecht, Holland / Boston, U.S.A. / london, England for the Commission of the European Communities
4 Ubmry of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Solar energy applications to dwellings. (Solar Energy R&D in the European Community. Series A: v. 2) 1. Solar houses-europe, Western. 2. Solar energy research Europe, Western. 1. Palz, Wolfgang. II. Ouden, C. den III. Commission of the European Communities. IV. Series. TH7414.S ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / Organization of the Contractors' meeting by Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Science, Research and Development, Brussels Publication arrangements by Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation, Luxembourg EUR 8046 Copyright 1983, ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983 LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland D. Reidel Publishing Company is a member of the Kluwer Group All Rights Reserved No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
5 CONTENTS Introduction W. PALZ, Head of the Solar Energy R&D Programme, Commission of the European Communities SECTION I - OVERVIEWS Overview of papers presenting contract research within concerted actions C. DEN OUDEN, Projectleader Project A Solar Energy assessment study (Project A) D. TORRENT and N. BAKER, Energy Conscious Design, United Kingdom Second European passive solar competition 1982 R. LEBENS and D. CLARKE, Ralph Lebens ASSOCiates, United Kingdom Co-ordinating contract for the European passive solar working group and IJX)delling sub-group R. LEBENS, Ralph Lebens ASSOCiates, United Kingdom European passive solar modelling sub-group A. DUPAGNE and J.M. HAUGLUSTAINE, University of Liege, Belgium European modelling group for space heating and domestic hot water systems W.L. mitre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Simplified nethods for the sizing of solar thermal plants J. ADNOT and B. IDURGES, ARMINES, Centre Energetique, France The first two years of operation of the solar pilot test facilities G. OLIVE, Consulting Engineer, France Perfol"llJance monitoring of solar heating systems in dwellings Phase 3 F. FERRARO, R. GODOY and D. TURRENI', Energy Conscious Design, United Kingdom y-
6 Solar collector testing (The co-ordinators' report on a concerted action) W. B. GILLETT and J. E. MJON, University College, Cardiff, United KingdOlll Concerted action European solar storage testing group E. VAN GALEN, Technisch Physische Dienst TNO-TH Delft, The Netherlands Digital control system for a passive solar house space heating P. DUBOIS and D. SINOBAD, Laboratoires de Marcoussis, Centre de Recherches de la COlIlpagnie Generale d'electrici te, France SECTION 2 - PASSIVE SOLAR COMPONENTS Summary on passive solar components R. LEBENS and D. TORRENT 102 A. Subsection: walls, facades, etc. Hollow wall : architectonic structural element alternative to trombe wall CTIP Solar SpA, Italy 106 Research in and development of a passive solar energy fagade in the "council housing" sector ERA Bouw b. v., The Netherlands 110 High performance passive solar heating system with heat pipe energy transfer and latent heat storage modules Institute of Applied Physics TNO-TH, Delft, The Netherlands 117 Transparent insulation for thermal storage walls Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Denmark 127 A ventilated trombe wall unit Saint-Gobain Vitrage France 134 Study to design and manufacture an insulating translucent glass panel made with evacuated pyrex tubes Coming France 142 Research and development of a passive solar fa~ade industrial component Rossignol S.A., France 146 -vi-
7 B. Subsection Shutters, window systems, etc. Temporary thermal insulation in the passive solar utilisation FES Fuhse Energie System GmbH, Western Germany Development of an independent shutter system for passive temperature control in buildings Fraunhofer-Institut fur Solar Energiesysteme else) Development of a thermal store and a solar blind for use in conservatories and glazed roof spaces Fulmer Research Laboratories Ltd. Development and testing of architectural components for passive solar energy use in transparent building fagades Gesamthochschule Kassel, Fachbereich 12 - Archi tektur, Western Gennany Development of a range of double windows including a solar control blind and internal shutters for use with passive solar houses Stephen George and Partners, Architects and Town Planners, United Kingdom Use in passive solar architecture of solar dousers with a seasonal effect Montepolimeri CSI, Italy C. Subsection Control devices, etc. Development of an automatic temperature sensitive air control device for use with passive solar gain collectors Waterloo Grill Company Limited, United Kingdom Self-acting power cylinders for controls in passive solar buildings Stephen George and Partners, Architects and Town Planners, United Kingdom Unit for local storage of solar gain Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark Design and development of an easy made convective type solar air collector University of Thessaloniki, Greece Solar wall with tiles covered by a layer of spectral selective enamel Laboratoires de Marcoussis, Centre de Recherches de la Compagnie G nerale d'electricite, France vii-
8 System for warming the new air using the solar energy in an individual house Societe Les Maisons Bruno-Petit, Direction Etudes et Pro jets, France 238 SECTION 3 - HIGH PERFORMANCE COLLECTORS Summary on high performance collectors C. DEN OUDEN Development of improved solar heat-energy absorber surfaces National Institute for Higher Education, Ireland Cobalt oxide spectral selective coatings Central Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, The Netherlands Study and construction of a solar focusing collector using a deformable mirror, in the temperature range c Faculte Polytechnique de Mons, Service de Therrnodynamie, Belgium High performance collector for small power systems Dornier System GmbH, Western Germany SECTION 4 - SOLAR COOLING MACHINES Summary on solar cooling systems C. DEN OUDEN Construction and acquisition of process data relative to a prototype of a solar absorption resorption refrigerator Societa per Azioni Termomeccanica Italiana, Italy Realisation and tests of a solar powered ice maker using the AC 35 - CH OH intermittent cycle CNRS, TBermodynamique des Fluides, France Self operating cooling system using solar energy - small power experimental plant ARMINES, France Development of an autonomous free piston refrigerating unit driven by Rankine cycle Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium viii-
9 SECTION 5 - HEAT STORAGE Summary on heat storage E. VAN GALEN and R. MARSHALL 322 A. Subsection Stores using latent heat, heat of adsorption, etc. The development and optimisation of cost effective thermal energy storage systems for solar space heating by means of a microprocessor controlled test facility Cranfield Institute of Technology, United Kingdom 324 The development of a solar energy installation for space heating and cooling based on hygroscopic materials Institute of Applied Physics TNO-TH, Delft, The Netherlands 338 Energy storage in chemical reaction - study of a chemical heat pump Faculte Poly technique de Mons, Belgium 346 Salt gradient solar pond for solar heat collection and long term storage University of Sussex, United Kingdom 354 B. Subsection : Miscellaneous Evaluation of thermal storage for solar heating systems Solar Energy Unit, University College Cardiff, United Kingdom Physical model for the study of mass and energy transfers in the non-saturated layer of soil located above a solar energy storage Laboratoire de Genie Civil, Universite de Montpellier II, France C. Subsection Long-term heat storage Long-term solar heat storage through underground water tanks for the heating of housing Universita della Calabria, Italy The heliogeothermal doublet : a real scale test facility ARMlNES, France ix-
10 Field test to investigate the performance of an undeep prototype seasonal heat storage system with a heat capacity for 100 solar houses USing the soil as the storage medium Technisch-Physische Dienst TNO-TH, Delft, The Netherlands Seasonal heat storage in underground warm water stores (Construction and testing of a 500 m3 store) Thermal Insulation Laboratory ~5 404 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 413 -x-
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