The Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Manual

Transcription

1 The Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Manual Kevin Hicks and Harry Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) University of York, UK &

2 Presentation overview Evolution of the Forum Manual Objectives the approach Brief description of the Forum Manual and its companion Workbook Implementation and dissemination of the Forum Manual

3 Evolution of the Forum Manual In 2000, SEI developed the Manual for Preparation of Emissions Inventories for use in Modeling of Transboundary Air Pollution for northeast Asia In 2001 a new manual, based on the above, was developed in close consultation with, and tailored to the needs of, the Malé Declaration countries of South Asia. In 2005, a similar manual was developed with the Air Pollution Information Network - Africa (APINA) countries of southern Africa.

4 Evolution of the Forum Manual In 2006, a Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum project brought together emissions experts from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe to produce a more generally applicable manual based on the Malé Declaration and APINA manuals. The Forum Manual was updated and extended in 2012 to include CO 2, methane, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) so as to allow co-benefits analyses for climate impacts.

5 Objectives of the Forum manual approach The Forum Manual is designed to be: Relevant - experts from Brazil, China, India and Malawi had a key role in developing the Forum Manual Easy to use includes a simple, Excel spreadsheet-based workbook in which most calculations are carried out automatically Compatible - with EMEP/CORINAIR, IPCC and USEPA approaches A training tool e.g. includes a section on Principles of good practice in preparing inventories

6 Objectives of the Forum Manual approach The Excel workbook is designed to be: Flexible - workbook can be modified by the user - default emission factors offered in workbook (but others can be used if preferred) - compiling large point sources (LPS) emissions (i.e. bottom-up approach) is optional Transparent - formulae used for calculations are shown - source references for default emission factors given Appropriate - not too data hungry (detailed technology splits not necessary) - default emission factors of relevance to developing countries given where possible (e.g. domestic fuel use, crop residue burning)

7 The air pollutants included in the Forum emission inventory manual Traditional transboundary air pollutants Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) Ammonia (NH 3 ) The ozone (O 3 ) precursors (in addition to NO X, SO 2 and NH 3 ): Carbon monoxide (CO) Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) Black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) Methane (CH 4 ) - also an O 3 precursor Major long-lived greenhouse gas Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

8 Impacts of Air Pollution at Different Scales Household Urban Peri-urban Regional Global The Forum Manual could be applied at any scale (e.g. city, province, country or region) as long as reliable activity data are available at that same scale.

9 Summary of anthropogenic emission source categories used in the manual Energy sources: 1 Combustion in the Energy Industries 2 Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction 3 Transport 4 Combustion in Other Sectors 5 Fugitive emissions from fuels Other source sectors: Industrial Processes Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Vegetation Fires & Forestry Waste

10 Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum Emissions Inventory Workbook Template - Version 5.0 The Forum manual s companion Excel workbook: Main menu Template prepared by: Stockholm Environment Institute at York (SEI-Y) Date last modified: 05/11/2012 User must enter inventory details here: Inventory year: Region: Country: Province/City: MENU OVERVIEW Some continent Someland (if applicable) Menu1 Menu2 Menu3 Menu4 Menu5 Menu6 Menu7 Menu8 Menu9 Sheet 9 References Sectors 1. to 4. Fuel combustion activities Sector 5. Fugitive emissions (non-combustion) for fuels Sector 3. Fuel combustion activities. Sector: Transport (Detailed method) Sector 6. Industrial processes (non-combustion) emissions Sector 7. Solvent and other product use Sector 8. Agriculture Sector 9. Vegetation fires and Forestry. Sector 10. Waste Large Point sources Summary sheet - Annual emissions of each pollutant by source sector

11 The GAP Forum emission inventory Excel workbook: Menu 4 Industrial processes Sector 6. Industrial processes (non-combustion) emissions Back to Back to Main Sheet: 2.1 Process (non-combustion) emissions from the production of mineral products. Sheet: 2.2 Process (non-combustion) emissions from the production of chemicals. Sheet: 2.3 Process (non-combustion) emissions from metal production. Sheet: 2.4 Process (non-combustion) emissions of SO 2, NOx and NMVOCs from pulp and paper production. Sheet: 2.5 Process (non-combustion) emissions of NMVOC from alcoholic beverage manufacture. Sheet: 2.6 Process (non-combustion) emissions of NMVOC, PM 10, and PM 2.5 from food production Sheet: 2.7 Fugitive emissions of particulate matter from major building construction activities.

12 Worksheet for Process (non-combustion) emissions from metal production A B C D E F Activity rate (kt product/ SO 2 emission factor S recovery rate SO 2 emissions NO x emission factor NO x emissions year) (kg SO 2 /t) (%) (Tonnes) (kg NO x /t) (Tonnes) Process Default (A x B x (1-C/100)) Default (A x E) Pig iron production 3 a d 0.0 Aluminium production 15.1 e e 0.0 Copper smelting (primary) as blister and other unrefined 2120 f 0.0 etc for other pollutants Lead smelting (primary) 320 g 0.0 (secondary) 40 h 0.0 Zinc smelting (primary) 1000 g 0.0 Other (please specify) Total emissions 0 0.0

13 Capacity building and Implementation The improvements of the Forum approach have fed into the on-going training activities of the Sida-funded Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC) programme. Workshops carried out for: The Malé Declaration Countries of S. Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). The APINA countries of southern Africa (Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe). Most Malé and APINA countries have now produced their year 2000 national inventories and some have also produced inventories for 2005.

14 Sri Lanka s national emission inventory for 2000

15 Application of the Forum EI approach at the city scale Used as part of Rapid Urban Assessments in Kathmandu and Maputo In 2007, as part of a CAI-Asia programme, a workshop was held in Beijing, attended by representatives from 12 Chinese cities.

16 Implementation of approach Dissemination of Forum Manual to all member networks of the Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum (and others): The Forum Manual and workbook can be downloaded from Training within other air pollution networks in other regions (e.g. EANET) Incorporation of the approach into a National Action Plan toolkit for addressing short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) - being developed under the auspices of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)

17 If one takes no thought about what is distant.. one will find sorrow near at hand. Confucius (551 BC BC) Thank you