SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION"

Transcription

1 SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION The Society gratefully acknowledges those companies that support the program by allowing their professionals to participate as Lecturers. And special thanks to The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) for their contribution to the program.

2 Oilfield Scale: A New Integrated Approach to Tackle an Old Foe Dr Eric J. Mackay Flow Assurance and Scale Team (FAST) Institute of Petroleum Engineering Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, Scotland Eric.Mackay@pet.hw.ac.uk Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Lecture Season

3 Outline 1) The Old Foe a) Definition of scale b) Problems caused c) Common oilfield scales d) Mechanisms of scale formation 2) The New Approach a) The new challenges b) Proactive rather than reactive scale management c) Effect of reservoir processes 3) Conclusions Formation Water (Ba) Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- Injection Water (SO 4 ) BaSO 4(s) Slide 3 of 40

4 Outline 1) The Old Foe a) Definition of scale b) Problems caused c) Common oilfield scales d) Mechanisms of scale formation 2) The New Approach a) The new challenges b) Proactive rather than reactive scale management c) Effect of reservoir processes 3) Conclusions Formation Water (Ba) Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- Injection Water (SO 4 ) BaSO 4(s) Slide 4 of 40

5 1a) Definition of Scale Scale is any crystalline deposit (salt) resulting from the precipitation of mineral compounds present in water Oilfield scales typically consist of one or more types of inorganic deposit along with other debris (organic precipitates, sand, corrosion products, etc.) Slide 5 of 40

6 Scale deposits 1b) Problems Caused formation damage (near wellbore) blockages in perforations or gravel pack restrict/block flow lines safety valve & choke failure pump wear corrosion underneath deposits some scales are radioactive (NORM) Suspended particles plug formation & filtration equipment reduce oil/water separator efficiency Slide 6 of 40

7 Examples - Formation Damage scale crystals block pore throats quartz grains Slide 7 of 40

8 Examples - Flow Restrictions Slide 8 of 40

9 Examples - Facilities separator scaled up and after cleaning Slide 9 of 40

10 Sand Grains Some Other Scales 1c) Common Oilfield Scales Name Formula Specific Solubility Gravity cold water other (mg/l) Common Scales SPE barium sulphate BaSO mg/l in 3% HCl calcium carbonate CaCO acid soluble strontium sulphate SrSO slightly acid soluble calcium sulphate CaSO ,090 acid soluble calcium sulphate CaSO 4.2H 2 O ,410 acid soluble sodium chloride NaCl ,000 (insoluble in HCl) silicon dioxide SiO insoluble HF soluble Iron Scales: Fe 2 O 3, FeS, FeCO 3 Exotic Scales: ZnS, PbS Slide 10 of 40

11 1d) Mechanisms of Scale Formation Carbonate scales precipitate due to ΔP (and/or ΔT) wellbore & production facilities Ca 2+ (aq) + 2HCO- 3(aq) = CaCO 3(s) + CO 2(aq) + H 2 O (l) Sulphate scales form due to mixing of incompatible brines injected (SO 4 ) & formation (Ba, Sr and/or Ca) near wellbore area, wellbore & production facilities Ba 2+ (aq) (Sr2+ or Ca 2+ ) + SO 4 2- (aq) = BaSO 4(s) (SrSO 4 or CaSO 4 ) Concentration of salts due to dehydration wellbore & production facilities Slide 11 of 40

12 Outline 1) The Old Foe a) Definition of scale b) Problems caused c) Common oilfield scales d) Mechanisms of scale formation 2) The New Approach a) The new challenges b) Proactive rather than reactive scale management c) Effect of reservoir processes 3) Conclusions Formation Water (Ba) Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- Injection Water (SO 4 ) BaSO 4(s) Slide 12 of 40

13 2a) The New Challenges Deepwater and other harsh environments Low temperature and high pressure Long residence times Access to well difficult Compatibility with other production chemicals Inhibitor placement Complex wells (eg deviated, multiple pay zones) Well value & scale management costs Slide 13 of 40

14 Access to Well Subsea wells difficult to monitor brine chemistry deferred oil during squeezes well interventions expensive (rig hire) squeeze campaigns and/or pre-emptive squeezes Slide 14 of 40

15 Inhibitor Placement in Complex Wells Where is scaling brine being produced? P tubing head Can we get inhibitor where needed? wellbore friction pressure zones (layers / fault blocks) damaged zones P comp 1 P resv 1 Shale Fault Options: Bullhead bullhead + divertor Coiled Tubing from rig Inhibitor in proppant / gravel pack / rat hole P resv N P comp N Slide 15 of 40

16 Well Value & Scale Management Costs Deepwater wells costing US$ million (eg GOM) Interval Control Valves (ICVs) costing US$0.5 1 million each to install good for inhibitor placement control susceptible to scale damage Rig hire for treatments US$ thousand / day necessary if using CT deepwater may require 1-2 weeks / treatment cf. other typical treatment costs of US$ thousand / treatment Sulphate Reduction Plant (SRP), installation and operation may cost US$ million Slide 16 of 40

17 Number of SRP per Year and Total Capacity No of SRP plants Cumulative Capacity (BWPD) Year 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Slide 17 of 40 No of SRP plants per year Cumulative Capacity (BWPD)

18 2b) Proactive Rather Than Reactive Scale Management Scale management considered during CAPEX Absolute must: good quality brine samples and analysis Predict water production history and profiles well by well brine chemistry evolution during well life cycle impact of reservoir interactions on brine chemistry ability to perform bullhead squeezes: flow lines from surface facilities correct placement Monitor and review strategy during OPEX Slide 18 of 40

19 2c) Effect of Reservoir Processes EXAMPLE 1 Management of waterflood leading to extended brine mixing at producers (increased scale risk) EXAMPLE 2 In situ mixing and BaSO4 precipitation leading to barium stripping (reduced scale risk) EXAMPLE 3 Ion exchange and CaSO4 precipitation leading to sulphate stripping (reduced scale risk) Slide 19 of 40

20 EXAMPLE 1 SPE Extended Brine Mixing at Producers Slide 20 of 40

21 EXAMPLE 1 SPE Extended Brine Mixing at Producers Field M (streamline model) This well has been treated > 220 times! Slide 21 of 40

22 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Field A) SPE Barium (mg/l) Dilution line % injection water Slide 22 of 40

23 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Theory) SPE Injection water (containing SO4) mixes with formation water (containing Ba) leading to BaSO4 precipitation in the reservoir Minimal impact on permeability in the reservoir Reduces BaSO4 scaling tendency at production wells Slide 23 of 40

24 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Theory) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- (hot) Rock FW 1) Formation water (FW): [Ba 2+ ] but negligible [SO 4 2- ] Slide 24 of 40

25 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Theory) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- (cold) (hot) Rock IW FW 2) Waterflood: SO 4 2- rich injection water displaces Ba 2+ rich FW Slide 25 of 40

26 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Theory) (cold) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- (hot) BaSO 4 Rock IW FW 3) Reaction: In mixing zone Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- BaSO 4 Slide 26 of 40

27 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Theory) [Ba] (mg/l) seawater fraction (%) [SO4] (mg/l) Ba Ba (mixing) SO4 SO4 (mixing) Large reduction in [Ba] Small reduction in [SO 4 ] (SO 4 in excess) Typical behaviour observed in many fields Slide 27 of 40

28 EXAMPLE 2 Barium Stripping (Model & Field Data) barium concentration (ppm) % seawater Field A - actual Field A - dilution line Field A - modelled Slide 28 of 40

29 EXAMPLE 3 Sulphate Stripping (Theory) SPE Injection water (with high Mg/Ca ratio) mixes with formation water (with low Mg/Ca ratio) leading to Mg and Ca exchange with rock to re-equilibrate Increase in Ca in Injection water leads to CaSO4 precipitation in hotter zones in reservoir Minimal impact on permeability in the reservoir Reduces BaSO4 scaling tendency at production wells Slide 29 of 40

30 EXAMPLE 3 Rock: Ion Exchange Ĉ Mg = 0.50 C Mg FW: Ĉ Ca C Ca IW: 3.2 C Ca Ca in solution 30,185 Mg in solution 2,325 C Mg Ĉ Ca Ĉ Mg Ca on rock Mg on rock Gyda FW (mg/l) IW (mg/l) 426 1,368 Slide 30 of 40

31 EXAMPLE 3 Sulphate Stripping (Theory) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- Ca 2+ Mg 2+ (hot) Rock FW 1) Formation water: [Ca 2+ ] and [Mg 2+ ] in equilibrium with rock Slide 31 of 40

32 EXAMPLE 3 Sulphate Stripping (Theory) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- Ca 2+ Mg 2+ (cold) (hot) Rock IW FW 2) Waterflood: [Ca 2+ ] and [Mg 2+ ] no longer in equilibrium Slide 32 of 40

33 EXAMPLE 3 Sulphate Stripping (Theory) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- Ca 2+ Mg 2+ (cold) (hot) Rock IW FW 3) Reaction 1: Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ion exchange with rock Slide 33 of 40

34 EXAMPLE 3 Sulphate Stripping (Theory) Ba 2+ SO 4 2- Ca 2+ Mg 2+ CaSO 4 (cold) (hot) Rock IW FW 4) Reaction 2: In hotter zones Ca 2+ + SO 4 2- CaSO 4 Slide 34 of 40

35 EXAMPLE 3 Modelling Prediction: [Ca] and [Mg] 35,000 30,000 25,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 Ca Ca (mixing) Mg Mg (mixing) [Ca] (mg/l) 20,000 15,000 2,000 1,500 [Mg] (mg/l) 10,000 5, , seawater fraction (%) Large reduction in [Mg] No apparent change in [Ca] Slide 35 of 40

36 EXAMPLE 3 Observed Field Data: [Ca] and [Mg] Ca Ca (mixing) Mgl Mg (mixing) [Ca] (mg/l) [Mg] (mg/l) Large reduction in [Mg] No apparent change in [Ca] seawater fraction (%) Slide 36 of 40

37 EXAMPLE 3 Modelling Prediction: [Ba] and [SO4] Ba Ba (mixing) SO4 SO4 (mixing) [Ba] (mg/l) [SO4] (mg/l) Small reduction in [Ba] Large reduction in [SO 4 ] (No SO 4 at < 40% SW) seawater fraction (%) Slide 37 of 40

38 EXAMPLE 3 Observed Field Data: [Ba] and [SO4] Ba Ba (mixing) SO4l SO4 (mixing) [Ba] (mg/l) seawater fraction (%) [SO4] (mg/l) Small reduction in [Ba] Large reduction in [SO 4 ] (No SO 4 at < 40% SW) Slide 38 of 40

39 3) Conclusions Modelling tools may assist with understanding of where scale is forming and what is best scale management option identify location and impact of scaling evaluate feasibility of chemical options thus providing input for economic model. Particularly important in deepwater & harsh environments, where intervention may be difficult & expensive But must be aware of uncertainties.. reservoir description numerical errors changes to production schedule, etc. so monitoring essential. Slide 39 of 40

40 Acknowledgements Sponsors of Flow Assurance and Scale Team (FAST) at Heriot-Watt University: Slide 40 of 40

41 Extra Slides Barium stripping example (Field G) Placement example (Field X) Slide 41 of 40

42 EXAMPLE G Barium Stripping (Field G) SPE a) water saturation b) mixing zone Field G (model) c) BaSO4 deposition (lb/ft 3 ) Slide 42 of 40

43 EXAMPLE G Barium Stripping (Field G) barium concentration (ppm) Ba Ba (no precip) SO4 SO4 (no precip) [Ba] at well when reactions in reservoir [Ba] at well when no reactions in reservoir sulphate concentration (ppm) Field G (model) time (days) Slide 43 of 40

44 EXAMPLE G Barium Stripping (Field G) barium concentration (ppm Field B - observed Filed B - dilution line Field B - modelled deep reservoir mixing deep reservoir + well/near well mixing Field G (model & field data) % seawater Slide 44 of 40

45 EXAMPLE X Impact of Reservoir Pressures on Placement Question for new subsea field under development: Can adequate placement be achieved without using expensive rig operations? Slide 45 of 40

46 EXAMPLE X Placement (Field D) SPE production flow rate (m3/d) injection (squeeze) well length (m) prior to squeeze shut-in INJ 1 bbl/m INJ 5 bbl/m INJ 10 bbl/m 1 year after squeeze Good placement along length of well during treatment (> 5 bbls/min) Can squeeze this well Slide 46 of 40

47 EXAMPLE X Placement (Field D) SPE production 100 flow rate (m3/d) prior to squeeze shut-in INJ 1 bbl/m INJ 5 bbl/m INJ 10 bbl/m 1 year after squeeze injection (squeeze) well length (m) Cannot place into toe of well by bullhead treatment, even at 10 bbl/min Must use coiled tubing (from rig - cost), or sulphate removal Slide 47 of 40

SQUEEZING THE BAKKEN: SUCCESSFUL SQUEEZE PROGRAMS LEAD TO SHIFT CHANGE IN BAKKEN SCALE CONTROL

SQUEEZING THE BAKKEN: SUCCESSFUL SQUEEZE PROGRAMS LEAD TO SHIFT CHANGE IN BAKKEN SCALE CONTROL SQUEEZING THE BAKKEN: SUCCESSFUL SQUEEZE PROGRAMS LEAD TO SHIFT CHANGE IN BAKKEN SCALE CONTROL WILLISTON BASIN PETROLEUM CONFERENCE KEVIN SPICKA, PHD May 3, 2017 1 Outline Background Product Qualification

More information

Down Hole Flow Assurance

Down Hole Flow Assurance Down Hole Flow Assurance Ferhat Erdal Senior Advisor - Flow Assurance Steve Cochran Senior Advisor - Flow Assurance SPE GCS Annual Drilling Symposium Spring, TX April 13, 2017 Flow Assurance Key Words

More information

Automatic optimisation of oilfield scale inhibitor squeeze treatments Vazquez, Oscar; Mackay, Eric James; Jordan, Myles

Automatic optimisation of oilfield scale inhibitor squeeze treatments Vazquez, Oscar; Mackay, Eric James; Jordan, Myles Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Research Gateway Automatic optimisation of oilfield scale inhibitor squeeze treatments Vazquez, Oscar; Mackay, Eric James; Jordan, Myles Published in: SEG

More information

Completion Deployed Scale Inhibitor Applications in Deep-Water, West Africa

Completion Deployed Scale Inhibitor Applications in Deep-Water, West Africa PAU, FRANCE 5-7 APRIL 2016 Completion Deployed Scale Inhibitor Applications in Deep-Water, West Africa Professor Myles M. Jordan Nalco Champion Presentation Content Introduction to inorganic scale Concept

More information

Heriot-Watt University

Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Research Gateway Reservoir simulation and near-well bore modelling to aid scale management in a low temperature development with multilateral wells Ishkov,

More information

Well Stimulation and Sand Production Management (PGE 489 ) Sandstone Acidizing. By Dr. Mohammed A. Khamis

Well Stimulation and Sand Production Management (PGE 489 ) Sandstone Acidizing. By Dr. Mohammed A. Khamis Well Stimulation and Sand Production Management (PGE 489 ) Sandstone Acidizing By Dr. Mohammed A. Khamis 23-02-2016 Sandstones Acidizing The goal of sandstone matrix acidizing is to remove siliceous particles

More information

1

1 1 TENORM = Technologically Enhanced NORM. TENORM is encountered in the petroleum & gas industry. Enhanced levels of natural radioactivity in scale, sand and sludge of oil & gas production was first discovered

More information

Aegis Tech Line Aegis Chemical Solutions Technical Newsletter Volume 07, September 2018

Aegis Tech Line Aegis Chemical Solutions Technical Newsletter Volume 07, September 2018 SCALE IN OIL & GAS PRODUCTION Presented below are some definitions that apply to scale in oil & gas production. components to become supersaturated (equilibrium shift). Chemically, the following can be

More information

ACIDIZING DOLOMITE RESERVOIRS USING HCL ACID PREPARED WITH SEAWATER: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. A Thesis DENNIS GEORGE ARENSMAN

ACIDIZING DOLOMITE RESERVOIRS USING HCL ACID PREPARED WITH SEAWATER: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. A Thesis DENNIS GEORGE ARENSMAN ACIDIZING DOLOMITE RESERVOIRS USING HCL ACID PREPARED WITH SEAWATER: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS A Thesis by DENNIS GEORGE ARENSMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M

More information

Determining the Rates for Scale Formation in Oil Wells

Determining the Rates for Scale Formation in Oil Wells ISSN : 8-96, Vol. 6, Issue 9, ( Part -1) September 016, pp.6-66 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Determining the Rates for Scale Formation in Oil Wells Otumudia Ephraim* 1 Ujile Awajiogak* * 1 (Department

More information

Research Article Experimental Study on the Cause of Inorganic Scale Formation in the Water Injection Pipeline of Tarim Oilfield

Research Article Experimental Study on the Cause of Inorganic Scale Formation in the Water Injection Pipeline of Tarim Oilfield Chemistry, Article ID 619834, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619834 Research Article Experimental Study on the Cause of Inorganic Scale Formation in the Water Injection Pipeline of Tarim Oilfield

More information

Evaluation of Abandoned Mine Drainage as a water supply for hydraulic fracturing

Evaluation of Abandoned Mine Drainage as a water supply for hydraulic fracturing Evaluation of Abandoned Mine Drainage as a water supply for hydraulic fracturing E. Barbot, M. Li, K. Gregory, R. Vidic University of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University Project funded by the US Department

More information

George E. King SPE GCS 27 October 2011

George E. King SPE GCS 27 October 2011 Treating Produced Water For Shale Fracs A U S T R A L I A A R G E N T I N A C A N A D A E G Y P T N O R T H S E A U. S. C E N T R A L U. S. G U L F George E. King SPE GCS 27 October 2011 Horn River 5000

More information

Membrane Technology: From Manufacture to. May Production

Membrane Technology: From Manufacture to. May Production Membrane Technology: From Manufacture to May 2018 Production Osmosis Graphic pulled from https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/water/page2.php Water Sources Surface Waters Ground Water Seawater Lakes

More information

Chapter 17 Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria

Chapter 17 Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria Chem 1046 General Chemistry by Ebbing and Gammon, 8th Edition Prof George W.J. Kenney, Jr Last Update: 27Nov2008 Chapter 17 Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria These Notes are to SUPPLIMENT the Text,

More information

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF INJECTION WATER QUALITY DURING WATERFLOODING AT OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF INJECTION WATER QUALITY DURING WATERFLOODING AT OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 14(4), 2016, 2867-2876 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF INJECTION WATER QUALITY DURING WATERFLOODING AT OFFSHORE PETROLEUM

More information

Dariusz Knez*, Jan Ziaja*, Monika Piwońska*

Dariusz Knez*, Jan Ziaja*, Monika Piwońska* AGH DRILLING, OIL, GAS Vol. 34 No. 2 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/drill.2017.34.2.411 Dariusz Knez*, Jan Ziaja*, Monika Piwońska* COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROPPANT HIGH DIAMETER GRAINS

More information

Control your cleanup Uniformly remove OBM filter cake to optimize well productivity

Control your cleanup Uniformly remove OBM filter cake to optimize well productivity Control your cleanup Uniformly remove OBM filter cake to optimize well productivity The uniform effect all along the wellbore Effective removal of drilling damage before putting wells on production maximises

More information

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM CARBONATE SCALE DEPOSIT ON CRUDE OIL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM CARBONATE SCALE DEPOSIT ON CRUDE OIL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS STUDYING THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM CARBONATE SCALE DEPOSIT ON CRUDE OIL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS UKPAKA C.P., IMINABO J.T., AND IMINABO, M. ABSTRACT This paper describes detailed study of calcium carbonate scale

More information

Presentation Outline

Presentation Outline Presentation Outline Background on ECCV Brackish Water RO Project Options Considered for Concentrate Disposal Evaluation of Brine Minimization Alternatives Pilot Testing Results Conclusions & Recommendations

More information

FORMATION DAMAGE TESTS OF SOME COMPLETION FLUIDS

FORMATION DAMAGE TESTS OF SOME COMPLETION FLUIDS FORMATION DAMAGE TESTS OF SOME COMPLETION FLUIDS Adel M. Hemeida, Ahmed A. Gawish King Saud University, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia Phone 00966014676889

More information

Water supplied by Marafiq does not meet the process requirements.

Water supplied by Marafiq does not meet the process requirements. WATER TREATMENT In Industries Water is used for: a. Drinking b. Cleaning c. Cooling d. Producing Steam e. Process requirement Why we need to treat water? For human consumption a. Water to be purified (Make

More information

DEQUEST for oilfield applications

DEQUEST for oilfield applications for oilfield applications for oilfield applications TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction: Scale inhibition in oilfield applications. In other cases, when the scaling tendency becomes permanent and serious,

More information

ISL Mining in Kazakhstan and Technology Development Vienna, IAEA, April 2013

ISL Mining in Kazakhstan and Technology Development Vienna, IAEA, April 2013 ISL Mining in Kazakhstan and Technology Development Vienna, IAEA, 15-18 April 2013 O. Gorbatenko Uranium resources in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Identified Resources of uranium amount to 900 thousand tons,

More information

Starting Out in the Oil Industry

Starting Out in the Oil Industry Starting Out in the Oil Industry DR. JAMIE KERR, CLARIANT OIL SERVICES Public Dr. Jamie Kerr 01.06.2015 2 Public, Starting Out in the Oil Industry Table of Contents Oil Recovery Problems (and Opportunities)

More information

Study on the Workover Fluid Formula and Performance of the Prevention Reservoir

Study on the Workover Fluid Formula and Performance of the Prevention Reservoir Study on the Workover Fluid Formula and Performance of the Prevention Reservoir Fengying Zhang, Jienian Yan & Zhiyong Li MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing

More information

Sand Control. Gravel packing is the oldest and simplest method of sand control. Works in both on and off shore wells.

Sand Control. Gravel packing is the oldest and simplest method of sand control. Works in both on and off shore wells. Sand Control Marine deposited sands, most oil and gas reservoir sands, are often cemented with calcareous or siliceous minerals and may be strongly consolidated. In contrast, Miocene or younger sands are

More information

Topic 2.6 GROUP 2, THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Topic 2.6 GROUP 2, THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS Topic 2.6 GROUP 2, THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS Trends in size, first ionization energy and electronegativity Trends in reaction with water Trends in solubility of group 2 sulphates and hydroxides PROPERTIES

More information

SPE Abstract. Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers

SPE Abstract. Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE 155124 Prediction of Mineral Scaling in a MEG Loop System of a Gas Production Offshore Baraka-Lokmane, S. 1, Hurtevent, C. 1, Ohanessian, J-L. 1, Rousseau, G. 1, Seiersten, M. 2, Deshmush, S. 3, 1

More information

Scale Formation Due to Water Injection in Malaysian Sandstone Cores

Scale Formation Due to Water Injection in Malaysian Sandstone Cores American Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (8): 1531-1538, 2009 ISSN 1546-9239 2009 Science Publications Scale Formation Due to Water Injection in Malaysian Sandstone Cores Amer Badr Bin Merdhah and Abu Azam

More information

Extreme Recovery Membrane Process and Zero Liquid Discharge Low Temperature Crystallization for Treating Scaling Mine Waters

Extreme Recovery Membrane Process and Zero Liquid Discharge Low Temperature Crystallization for Treating Scaling Mine Waters Extreme Recovery Membrane Process and Zero Liquid Discharge Low Temperature Crystallization for Treating Scaling Mine Waters Malcolm Man, Xiangchun Yin, Zhongyuan Zhou, Ben Sparrow, Susie Lee, Mitch Frank

More information

INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CLASS X- PRACTICAL WORKSHEET

INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CLASS X- PRACTICAL WORKSHEET INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CLASS X- PRACTICAL WORKSHEET Different types of chemical reactions Experiment No: 1(a) Combination reaction Objectives: To study the Combination

More information

IWC ZLD: New Silica Based Inhibitor Chemistry Permits Cost Effective Water Conservation for HVAC and Industrial Cooling Towers

IWC ZLD: New Silica Based Inhibitor Chemistry Permits Cost Effective Water Conservation for HVAC and Industrial Cooling Towers IWC 07-11 ZLD: New Silica Based Inhibitor Chemistry Permits Cost Effective Water Conservation for HVAC and Industrial Cooling Towers Report by Dan Duke Water Conservation Technology International water-cti.com

More information

Unit - 04 Metals. Fe Fe e Cu Cu e Cu e Cu Fe e Fe Score (2) Time (2 minute)

Unit - 04 Metals. Fe Fe e Cu Cu e Cu e Cu Fe e Fe Score (2) Time (2 minute) Chemistry Standard - X Unit - 4 Metals Concept: Displacement reactions of metals 1. Copper gets deposited on the surface of the iron nail if the nail is kept immersed in copper sulphate. Choose the reactions

More information

The Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering

The Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering ANALYSIS OF SCALING POTENTIALS IN MARCELLUS SHALE GAS WELLS A Thesis in Energy & Mineral Engineering by

More information

SPE Abstract. Introduction

SPE Abstract. Introduction SPE 13788 Downhole Scale Control on Heidrun Field Using Scale Inhibitor Impregnated Gravel Olav Martin Selle, Frode Haavind, Marit H. Haukland and Arild Moen, Statoil; Carl F. Hals and Kåre Øien, Schlumberger;

More information

Lee Shafer Basin Engineering October 26, 2017

Lee Shafer Basin Engineering October 26, 2017 Lee Shafer Basin Engineering October 26, 2017 guar Typical polymer chain size 5 microns sandstones 100 mesh propant shales oils gases From: Pore-throat Sizes In Sandstones, Tight Sandstones and Shales-Philip

More information

MECHANISMS OF WATER IMBIBITION IN CARBONATE-RICH UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS

MECHANISMS OF WATER IMBIBITION IN CARBONATE-RICH UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS SCA2017-027 1/9 MECHANISMS OF WATER IMBIBITION IN CARBONATE-RICH UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS Robert L. Krumm and James J. Howard Premier Oilfield Laboratory This paper was prepared for presentation at the

More information

SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program

SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow

More information

Page 2. Q is calcium or magnesium 1. M1.(a) bromide 1. R is aluminium 1. chloride 1. S is iron(iii) 1. sulfate. Mark this question independently

Page 2. Q is calcium or magnesium 1. M1.(a) bromide 1. R is aluminium 1. chloride 1. S is iron(iii) 1. sulfate. Mark this question independently M.(a) Q is calcium or magnesium bromide R is aluminium chloride S is iron(iii) sulfate Mark this question independently (b) Ba 2+ + SO 4 2 BaSO 4 [Fe(H 2O) 6] 3+ + 3OH Fe(H 2O) 3(OH) 3 + 3H 2O 2[Fe(H 2O)

More information

Modeling Mutual Solvent Preflush -The Case of Wettability

Modeling Mutual Solvent Preflush -The Case of Wettability Modeling Mutual Solvent Preflush -The Case of Wettability W. N. Aggrey S. Afari K. Sarkodie Petroleum Engineering Programme Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University

More information

Compatibility of Scale Inhibitors and Biocides with Fracturing Fluids. Christy C. Wentworth, Ph.D.

Compatibility of Scale Inhibitors and Biocides with Fracturing Fluids. Christy C. Wentworth, Ph.D. Compatibility of Scale Inhibitors and Biocides with Fracturing Fluids Christy C. Wentworth, Ph.D. Agenda What Are Fracturing Fluids? Importance of Compatibility Scale Inhibitor and Biocides in Fracturing

More information

Predicting Injectivity Decline in Water Injection Wells by Upscaling On-Site Core Flood Data

Predicting Injectivity Decline in Water Injection Wells by Upscaling On-Site Core Flood Data Predicting Injectivity Decline in Water Injection Wells by Upscaling On-Site Core Flood Data Paul Evans Oil Plus Ltd. Hambridge Road, Newbury Berkshire, RG14 5SS, England Fax: +44 (0) 1635 49618 E-mail:

More information

NIOR Core plug preparation procedures

NIOR Core plug preparation procedures NIOR Core plug preparation procedures Introduction Reservoir rock state changed during sampling, mud contamination, storage and cleaning Representative wettability conditions in SCAL and EOR-experiments

More information

Understanding and Cleaning of Reverse Osmosis System Article of interest by Dewindia Team

Understanding and Cleaning of Reverse Osmosis System Article of interest by Dewindia Team Understanding and Cleaning of Reverse Osmosis System Article of interest by Dewindia Team The use of reverse osmosis (RO) to remove a variety of unwanted contaminants from water has steadily become more

More information

3.3 Minerals. Describe the characteristics that define minerals.

3.3 Minerals. Describe the characteristics that define minerals. 3.3 Minerals Describe the characteristics that define minerals. Are you a mineral? There used to be a TV commercial that said "you are what you eat." If that s true - and to some extent it is - then you

More information

Trace Elements in. Elements. Trace Elements and Minor. Elements 2/25/2009

Trace Elements in. Elements. Trace Elements and Minor. Elements 2/25/2009 Trace Elements in Carbonates A Short Course VU March, 2009 Peter Swart University of Miami Trace Elements and Minor Elements Minor Elements (Usually concentrations over 1000 ppm) Strontium Aragonite-7000

More information

Fr CO2 06 Impact Of CO2-WAG Design Optimisation On Coupled CO2-EOR And Storage Projects In Carbonate Reservoirs

Fr CO2 06 Impact Of CO2-WAG Design Optimisation On Coupled CO2-EOR And Storage Projects In Carbonate Reservoirs Fr CO2 06 Impact Of CO2-WAG Design Optimisation On Coupled CO2-EOR And Storage Projects In Carbonate Reservoirs H. Rodrigues 1 *, E. Mackay 1, D. Arnold 1 1 Heriot-Watt University Summary CO2-WAG injection

More information

New Mechanisms of Iron Sulfide Deposition during Acid Stimulation in Sour Gas Carbonate Reservoir

New Mechanisms of Iron Sulfide Deposition during Acid Stimulation in Sour Gas Carbonate Reservoir New Mechanisms of Iron Sulfide Deposition during Acid Stimulation in Sour Gas Carbonate Reservoir Dr. Tao Chen, Dr. Qiwei Wang, and Dr. Fakuen F. Chang ABSTRACT (a) Iron sulfide deposition in sour gas

More information

1. The equation that represents the equilibrium in a saturated solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is.. The precipitate which forms first is

1. The equation that represents the equilibrium in a saturated solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is.. The precipitate which forms first is CHEMISTRY 12 UNIT 3 - REVIEW Ksp Part A - Multiple Choice 1. The equation that represents the equilibrium in a saturated solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is A. Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (s) 3 Fe 2+ (aq) + 2 SO 4 3 (aq)

More information

Revolution. NON-Chemical Treatment. Technology. for Scale Control. 500 different Applications NON TOXIC FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY

Revolution. NON-Chemical Treatment. Technology. for Scale Control. 500 different Applications NON TOXIC FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY Revolution of NON-Chemical Treatment Technology for Scale Control in 500 different Applications NON TOXIC FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY FILTERSORB SP3 Table of contents 1. Glossary of terms

More information

Laboratory Study on Precipitation of Barium Sulphate in Malaysia Sandstone Cores

Laboratory Study on Precipitation of Barium Sulphate in Malaysia Sandstone Cores The Open Petroleum Engineering Journal, 2009, 2, - Open Access Laboratory Study on Precipitation of Barium Sulphate in Malaysia Sandstone Cores Amer Badr Bin Merdhah * and Abu Azam Mohd Yassin Faculty

More information

Discusser: Melonie Myszczyszyn, CNRL Facilities Engineer, Alberta, Canada

Discusser: Melonie Myszczyszyn, CNRL Facilities Engineer, Alberta, Canada Discussion for IWC-09-36: Prepared Discussion For: Steam Generation Using Produced Water: Lessons Learned Author: Martin R. Godfrey Discusser: Melonie Myszczyszyn, CNRL Facilities Engineer, Alberta, Canada

More information

1. Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

1. Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? 1. Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? 2PbO(s) + C(s) 2Pb(s) + CO 2 (g) a. Lead is getting reduced b. Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised

More information

Oil Displacement Efficiency and Performance Evaluation of Composite Ion Profile Control Agents Prepared with Oilfield Sewage

Oil Displacement Efficiency and Performance Evaluation of Composite Ion Profile Control Agents Prepared with Oilfield Sewage Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development Vol. 5, No. 2, 2013, pp. 52-57 DOI:10.3968/j.aped.1925543820130502.1386 ISSN 1925-542X [Print] ISSN 1925-5438 [Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org

More information

FACTFILE: GCE CHEMISTRY

FACTFILE: GCE CHEMISTRY FACTFILE: GCE CHEMISTRY 2.11 GROUP II ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS Learning Outcomes Students should be able to: 2.11.1 explain why these are regarded as s-block elements; 2.11.2 recall and explain the

More information

SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program

SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program is funded principally through a grant from the SPE Foundation. The society gratefully acknowledges the companies that support this

More information

Injection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal. Long-term reliability and environmental protection

Injection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal. Long-term reliability and environmental protection Injection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal Long-term reliability and environmental protection ACHIEVE MULTIPLE GOALS FOR LIQUID-WASTE DISPOSAL INJECTION WELLS Expertly located, designed, constructed, and

More information

Liquid Filtration for Chlor- Alkali Plants

Liquid Filtration for Chlor- Alkali Plants Liquid Filtration for Chlor- Alkali Plants November 17, 2016 Dwight Davis W.L. Gore & Inc. What are the 3 most important parameters in operating a chlor-alkali plant? 1. Brine Quality 1. Brine Quality

More information

Reactive transport modelling of mud filtrate invasion during drilling and application to mud contamination corrections on formation water analyses

Reactive transport modelling of mud filtrate invasion during drilling and application to mud contamination corrections on formation water analyses Reactive transport modelling of mud filtrate invasion during drilling and application to mud contamination corrections on formation water analyses Abstract Ross McCartney (Oilfield Water Services Limited),

More information

Screenless Sand Control Completions. New dimensions in sand management

Screenless Sand Control Completions. New dimensions in sand management Screenless Sand Control Completions New dimensions in sand management Applications Primary sand control completion for new wells expected to produce formation sand Remedial sand control completion for

More information

Arthur W. Rose Professor Emeritus of Geochemistry Penn State University

Arthur W. Rose Professor Emeritus of Geochemistry Penn State University Arthur W. Rose Professor Emeritus of Geochemistry Penn State University Flowback Chemistry of flowback Source of flowback brine Environmental Problems Evan Dresel MS 1985 Conventional brines, recognition

More information

Core Laboratories (U.K.) Limited Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

Core Laboratories (U.K.) Limited Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Core Laboratories (U.K.) Limited Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Why do we perform deposit analysis? From the deposit composition the mechanism for the formation may be derived. It may also be possible

More information

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SOLUTION COMPOSITION ON THE PERMEABILITY OF ST. PETERS SANDSTONE: ROLE OF IRON (111)

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SOLUTION COMPOSITION ON THE PERMEABILITY OF ST. PETERS SANDSTONE: ROLE OF IRON (111) -31 6- EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SOLUTON COMPOSTON ON THE PERMEABLTY OF ST. PETERS SANDSTONE: ROLE OF RON (111) J.M. Potter, A. Nur, Stanford Rock Physics Project W.E. Dibble Jr., Dept. of Geology, Stanford

More information

at low concentrations

at low concentrations This power point presentation is intended to address the issues of ion exchange transformation of brines, and what it means regarding brine selection. The proper selection of brines for matrix and stimulation

More information

SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION

SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded principally through a grant of the SPE FOUNDATION The Society gratefully acknowledges those companies that support the program by allowing their professionals

More information

Silica Scaling in Water Treatment: Mechanism and Mitigation

Silica Scaling in Water Treatment: Mechanism and Mitigation Silica Scaling in Water Treatment: Mechanism and Mitigation XIAODA XU EMAIL: CORROSIONGURU.COM@GMAIL.COM Abstract Managing the silica scaling is a challenging task in reverse osmosis and thermal desalination

More information

Hard water. Hard and Soft Water. Hard water. Hard water 4/2/2012

Hard water. Hard and Soft Water. Hard water. Hard water 4/2/2012 Hard and Soft Water is the type of water that has high mineral content (in contrast with soft water). minerals primarily consist of calcium (Ca 2+ ), and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) metal cations, and sometimes

More information

Amjad Abdelrahman Amber Helm

Amjad Abdelrahman Amber Helm Amjad Abdelrahman Amber Helm Production Chemicals Optimization Congress June 29-30, 2016 PETROLEUM CORPORATION 1 Outline Area and System Overview Flow Assurance Challenges Chemical Treatments Optimization

More information

COPYRIGHT. Sand Control Fundamentals. Virtual Instructor Led Session #2

COPYRIGHT. Sand Control Fundamentals. Virtual Instructor Led Session #2 Sand Control Fundamentals Non-Gravel Pack Applications Virtual Instructor Led Session #2 Open Hole with Slotted Liner Open Hole with Screen or Prepacked Screen Slotted liners and screens in a non-gravel

More information

NEMC Challenges of Managing Water in the Marcellus Play. Nick Inkenhaus Water Resources Engineer

NEMC Challenges of Managing Water in the Marcellus Play. Nick Inkenhaus Water Resources Engineer NEMC Challenges of Managing Water in the Marcellus Play August 5, 2013 December 22, 2011 Nick Inkenhaus Water Resources Engineer Water Requirements for Marcellus Shale Completion typically requires 3-5

More information

Petroleum Production Systems

Petroleum Production Systems Petroleum Production Systems SECOND EDITION Michael J. Economides A. Daniel Hill Christine Ehlig-Economides Ding Zhu PRENTICE HALL Upper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto

More information

MEMBRANE CHEMICALS Presented by: Majid Karami

MEMBRANE CHEMICALS Presented by: Majid Karami MEMBRANE CHEMICALS Presented by: Majid Karami Introduction Water shortage is becoming a worldwide problem One of the main solutions to this problem is : Desalination of seawater or brackish water Desalination

More information

Solubility Equilibrium

Solubility Equilibrium Solubility Equilibrium This is an X-ray of the large intestine. The patient was given a drink of barium sulfate to drink which is insoluble (does NOT dissolve) and gives the doctor a better image. Barium

More information

Water Management in Queensland Coal Seam Gas. John Walsh, PhD CETCO Energy Services

Water Management in Queensland Coal Seam Gas. John Walsh, PhD CETCO Energy Services Water Management in Queensland Coal Seam Gas John Walsh, PhD CETCO Energy Services Background: Water Management in the Coal Seam Gas industry in Queensland is a complex and expensive undertaking Huge pipeline

More information

BENEFICIAL USE OF PRODUCED WATER SOUNDS SIMPLE ENOUGH. Rick McCurdy, Ground Water Protection Council s Annual UIC Conference February 21-23, 2017

BENEFICIAL USE OF PRODUCED WATER SOUNDS SIMPLE ENOUGH. Rick McCurdy, Ground Water Protection Council s Annual UIC Conference February 21-23, 2017 BENEFICIAL USE OF PRODUCED WATER SOUNDS SIMPLE ENOUGH Rick McCurdy, Ground Water Protection Council s Annual UIC Conference February 21-23, 2017 BUT FIRST A MOST PRECIOUS COMMODITY AGENDA What s In Produced

More information

Case Histories of Successful Stimulation Fluid Dispersion Using Pressure Pulsation Technology

Case Histories of Successful Stimulation Fluid Dispersion Using Pressure Pulsation Technology 12 th European Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Roundtable Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre, 15 16 th November 2006 International Coiled Tubing Association Case Histories of Successful Stimulation

More information

Chemical composition of seawater; Salinity and the major constituents

Chemical composition of seawater; Salinity and the major constituents Chemical composition of seawater; Salinity and the major constituents OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Salt dissolved in ocean water alters the properties of water Freezing point of seawater is ~ -1.8 C Density

More information

Horizontal Falling Film Brine Concentrator

Horizontal Falling Film Brine Concentrator Horizontal Falling Film Brine Concentrator The 3rd International Sede Boqer Conference on Water Technologies, 2012: Advanced Technologies in Water Management Tuesday 16 October 2012 Dr. Yony Weiss, VP,

More information

The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe

The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as

More information

9.2.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group II metals magnesium to barium and their compounds

9.2.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group II metals magnesium to barium and their compounds 9.2 Group II Content 9.2.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group II metals magnesium to barium and their compounds Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: (a) (b) (c) (d) describe

More information

MultiScale Simulation Software

MultiScale Simulation Software MultiScale Simulation Software Simulation software for prediction of mineral scaling 2 MultiScale simulation software Over the years, oilfields will experience an increase in mineral scale production due

More information

SOLUBILITY STUDY GUIDE- Multiple Choice Section

SOLUBILITY STUDY GUIDE- Multiple Choice Section SOLUBILITY STUDY GUIDE- Multiple Choice Section Multiple Choice Section: This study guide is a compilation of questions from provincial exams since 2000. I urge you to become intimately familiar with question

More information

Hydrosol System Furnace Cooling Water Cleaning Case Study: North American Stainless

Hydrosol System Furnace Cooling Water Cleaning Case Study: North American Stainless Hydrosol System Furnace Cooling Water Cleaning Case Study: North American Stainless Prepared by: Shane M. Slack BSWE, MBA Hydrosol System, Inc. 4175 Karg Industrial Parkway Kent, Ohio 44240 shane@hydrosolsystem.com

More information

Solutions Unit Exam Name Date Period

Solutions Unit Exam Name Date Period Name Date Period Ms. Roman Page 1 Regents Chemistry 1. Which mixture can be separated by using the equipment shown below? 6. Which ion, when combined with chloride ions, Cl, forms an insoluble substance

More information

Dispersants & antiscalants

Dispersants & antiscalants DRAFT Dispersants & antiscalants www.brenntagwater.com Dispersants & Antiscalants The Brennsperse Dispersants and Antiscalants product line delivers effective and economical treatment options for several

More information

Saving Energy and Water. Working with High Recovery Water Treatment Plants

Saving Energy and Water. Working with High Recovery Water Treatment Plants Saving Energy and Water Working with High Recovery Water Treatment Plants > Saving Energy and Water Working with High Recovery Treatment Plants Reverse Osmosis - Benefits o Reliable and Consistent Technology

More information

Well Stimulation and Sand Production Management (PGE 489 ) Carbonates Acidizing. By Dr. Mohammed A. Khamis

Well Stimulation and Sand Production Management (PGE 489 ) Carbonates Acidizing. By Dr. Mohammed A. Khamis Well Stimulation and Sand Production Management (PGE 489 ) Carbonates Acidizing By Dr. Mohammed A. Khamis 15-02-2016 Carbonates Acidizing Carbonate formations generally have a low permeability and can

More information

Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute IOR/EOR Conference Jackson, Wyoming September 10 & 11, 2012

Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute IOR/EOR Conference Jackson, Wyoming September 10 & 11, 2012 Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute IOR/EOR Conference 2012 Jackson, Wyoming September 10 & 11, 2012 What s new in Polymer Technology? Polymer Gel Candidate Selection Well Preparation Case Studies Polymer

More information

Fundamentals of modelling CO2 movement underground

Fundamentals of modelling CO2 movement underground Fundamentals of modelling CO2 movement underground GCCC Digital Publication Series #13-23 Vanessa Nunez-Lopez Keywords: Modeling-Flow simulation; Capacity; Overview Cited as: Nunez-Lopez, V., 2013, Fundamentals

More information

TEAMS Competition 2017 Scenario # 2. Water Treatment. From Potentially Poisonous to Potable through Purification

TEAMS Competition 2017 Scenario # 2. Water Treatment. From Potentially Poisonous to Potable through Purification TEAMS Competition 2017 Scenario # 2 Water Treatment From Potentially Poisonous to Potable through Purification Take a moment to picture yourself at the bank of a river; you re absolutely parched, but the

More information

DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOSPHONATE BASED NANOFLUID FOR THE INHIBITION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION

DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOSPHONATE BASED NANOFLUID FOR THE INHIBITION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOSPHONATE BASED NANOFLUID FOR THE INHIBITION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION DESARROLLO DE UN NANOFLUIDO BASE FOSFONATO PARA LA INHIBICIÓN DE LA PRECIPITACIÓN DE CARBONATO DE CALCIO

More information

GRADE: 10 CHEMISTRY MCQ (TERM-1)

GRADE: 10 CHEMISTRY MCQ (TERM-1) GRADE: 10 CHEMISTRY MCQ (TERM-1) 1 When ferrous sulphate crystals are heated, the colour of the residue formed is : (a) red (b) brown (c) orange (d) green. 2 A small amount of quick lime is taken in a

More information

Selected Chemicals and Their Properties

Selected Chemicals and Their Properties Selected Chemicals and Their Properties This material contains information on the properties of five commonly used deicing chemicals. They are listed below, with their eutectic concentration, eutectic

More information

We have softening plant for boiler so water treatment chemicals is not require. We used 90 % condensate water so no need of any chemicals treatment

We have softening plant for boiler so water treatment chemicals is not require. We used 90 % condensate water so no need of any chemicals treatment Attention low pressure boiler owner: - We have softening plant for boiler so water treatment chemicals is not require. We fed D.M. water and water quality is superior so scale & corrosion does not exist

More information

AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry. Armovis EHS A novel high-temperature viscoelastic surfactant for carbonate reservoir acidizing.

AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry. Armovis EHS A novel high-temperature viscoelastic surfactant for carbonate reservoir acidizing. AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry Armovis EHS A novel high-temperature viscoelastic surfactant for carbonate reservoir acidizing. Armovis EHS 2 Summary Low permeability carbonate reservoirs (limestone and chalk)

More information

JSUNIL TUTORIAL, SAMASTIPUR

JSUNIL TUTORIAL, SAMASTIPUR Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Q 1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? Ans. Before burning in air, the magnesium ribbon is cleaned by rubbing with a sandpaper.

More information

Irrigation Systems Evaluations

Irrigation Systems Evaluations Irrigation Systems Evaluations (A Look at Distribution Uniformity) Prepared by: Susan Leaman idecisionsciences, LLC 500 Yale Ave N, 1 st Floor Seattle, WA 98109 Hank Giclas Western Growers 15525 Sand Canyon

More information

Reactivity Series. Question Paper. Cambridge International Examinations. Score: /39. Percentage: /100

Reactivity Series. Question Paper. Cambridge International Examinations. Score: /39. Percentage: /100 Reactivity Series Question Paper Level Subject Exam oard Topic Sub-Topic ooklet O Level hemistry ambridge International Examinations Metals Reactivity Series Question Paper Time llowed: 47 minutes Score:

More information

REMOVAL OF HARDNESS BY PRECIPITATION

REMOVAL OF HARDNESS BY PRECIPITATION REMOVAL OF HARDNESS BY PRECIPITATION Hardness divalent cations If hardness is too high Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ + Fe 2+ + Mn 2+ + Sr 2+... precipitation of soap, scaling on pipes, boilers, cooling towers, heat exchangers.

More information