Make the best of the sun meeting thermal and electrical energy demands

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1 Make the best of the sun meeting thermal and electrical energy demands Dr. Benedikt Hanke , Hannover, HMI 2014 Hall 27, Stand D 55

2 Overview Energy Research in Oldenburg Energy Systems of Buildings Photovoltaic Energy Availability Energy Efficiency and Photovoltaic Probability Energy Profile of a Household Scenario Dimensioning of Energy Storage and Photovoltaics Potential of Thermal use of Photovoltaic Energy Conclusions 2

3 Energy Research in Oldenburg 3

4 Tradition of Energy Research in Oldenburg 30 years R&D experience in renewable energy 12 departments in physics, chemistry, informatics, economy Approx. 250 involved researchers Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 4

5 NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future NEXT ENERGY is an independent research institute at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 5

6 NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future Organized as non profit association with EWE as main sponsor (founded in 2007 as public private partnership) Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 6

7 NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future New building since August 2009 with m² of laboratory space Over 100 employees in R&D and administration Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 7

8 Research Topics Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 8

9 Energy Systems of Buildings 9

10 Energy Systems of Buildings Classic Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 10

11 Energy Systems of Buildings Photovoltaic Systems Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 11

12 Energy Systems of Buildings Battery Storage Systems Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 12

13 Energy Systems of Buildings Mikro CHP Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 13

14 Energy Systems of Buildings Power To Heat Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 14

15 Energy Systems of Buildings Energy Management for Buildings Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 15

16 Power Flow Overview Classic Renewable / Energy Efficient / Low Carbon 16

17 Photovoltaic Energy Availability 17

18 Geographical Variation of Solar Radiation Yearly Sum of Solar Radiation Germany Statistical Values:» Max.: 1261 kwh/m²/a» Avg.: 1055 kwh/m²/a» Min.: 951 kwh/m²/a 18

19 Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation 2006 Jan. Feb. März Apr. Mai Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Quelle: DWD 19

20 Yearly Variation of Solar Radiation July Quelle: DWD 20

21 Yearly Variation of Solar Radiation January Quelle: DWD 21

22 Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production Daily Photovoltaic Energy Profiles of two Years ( ) Chaotic Behavior of Single Profiles 22

23 Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production 23

24 Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production 24

25 Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production 25

26 Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System PV System at NEXT ENERGY, Schott ASI 95, 1140 WP, 147 SO, 7 inclination Time Range from to

27 Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System

28 Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System Summer» 21 st March 20 th September Winter» 21 st September 20 th March 28

29 Energy Efficiency and Photovoltaic Probability Vacuum Cleaner 29

30 EU Directive Energy Demand of Vacuum Cleaners Currently available vacuum cleaners need 3000W and more Customer Thinking: More electrical power equals more suction power Starting Sept < 1600 W Starting in 2017 < 900 W Directive includes new label to show suction power of vacuum cleaner independent of the required electrical power Sources:

31 Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Photovoltaic System with 4000 W nominal Power Own consumption PV System for single family home Full year probability Influence of the morning vacuum cleaning on the PVsupply of the cleaner 31

32 Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 32

33 Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Vacuum Cleaner 3000 W P [W] W min [%] W max [%] Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 33

34 Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Vacuum Cleaner 1600 W P [W] W min [%] W max [%] Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 34

35 Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Vacuum Cleaner 900 W P [W] W min [%] W max [%] Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 35

36 Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Typical time of use during the daytime Reduced power demand at constant function, convenience and investment Transparency of functions and convenience Reduced self consumption of photovoltaic energy generated Increased probability of selfsufficiency 36

37 Energy Profile of a Household Scenario 37

38 Sample Day Energy Profile Household Load Profile VDI 4655 here: sunny autumn/spring weekday Yearly Energy Demand (electr.) 4.5 MWh 38

39 Sample Day Energy Profile Photovoltaics Installed Photovoltaic System 4 kw nominal Yearly Energy Production 3.7 MWh Own Consumption ~30% 39

40 Sample Day Energy Profile Storage Installed Serviceable Storage Capacity 4 kwh Increase Own Consumption to ~65% 40

41 Sample Day Energy Profile Storage Grid Friendly Grid Friendly Home or: Regulation enforces reduced feed in (relative to nominal power of Photovoltaic System) 41

42 Sample Day Energy Profile Demand Side Management Move energy demand to times with high pvprobability Include pv power prediction in planning process 42

43 Dimensioning of Energy Storage and Photovoltaics 43

44 Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 44

45 Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 45

46 Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 46

47 Influence of the Photvoltaic Energy Production on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 47

48 Influence of the Photvoltaic Energy Production on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 48

49 Dimensioning Storage and Photovoltaics Conflict between Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency ?? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 49

50 Electrical Profile from Field Measurement Oldenburg, semidetached house, man. 1997, 100 m², 2 adults & 1 child Profile 1 st April B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 50

51 Potential of Thermal use of Photovoltaic Energy 51

52 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Oldenburg, semidetached house, man. 1997, 100 m², 2 adults & 1 child Profile 1 st April B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 52

53 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heat Req. Power Req kwh kwh Period B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 53

54 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req kwh kwh kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 54

55 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential 817 kwh/kw P Schott ASI 95 South East 147, 7 decl. Heating Tap Water Power Req kwh kwh kwh max out of PV 0 kwh 0 kwh kwh Rest kwh kwh kwh PV Production = Power Req. PV Excess kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 55

56 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req kwh kwh kwh max out of PV 0 kwh 640 kwh kwh Rest kwh 1.747kWh kwh PV Production = Power Req. PV Excess 434 kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 56

57 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req kwh kwh kwh max out of PV 67 kwh 640 kwh kwh Rest kwh 1.747kWh kwh PV Production = Power Req. PV Excess 367 kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 57

58 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req kwh kwh kwh max out of PV 466 kwh 874 kwh kwh Rest kwh 1.513kWh 817 kwh PV Production = 1,5 Power Req. PV Excess 966 kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 58

59 Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req kwh kwh kwh max out of PV 951 kwh kwh kwh Rest kwh kwh 712 kwh PV Production = 2 Power Req. PV Excess kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 59

60 Conclusions 60

61 Conclusions Complex combination of possible home energy systems requires research and tools for dimensioning Known probability of photovoltaic power production allow planning of consumers without knowledge of todays energy production profile Energy efficiency is one important tool to increase self sufficiency and change the energy demand profile Correct dimensioning of photovoltaic and battery storage system is the key to economic feasibility and requires in depth knowledge of the energy profiles Thermal energy requirements can be utilized to make use of excess photovoltaic energy if feed in tariffs drop below gas prices or heat pumps are used 61

62 NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 62

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