COAL GASIFICATION APPLICATION SUMMARY

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Ashley Emery Stewart
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1 Coal Gasification Application ummary Prima PRO.doc Page 1 of 5 COA GAIFICATION APPICATION UMMARY 1. PRIMA PRO ANAYTICA PECIFICATION The instrument will be used for the analysis of the following components:- Unit Typical concentration Precision at typical concentration H 2 %mol CH 4 %mol NH 3 %mol H 2 O %mol CO %mol N 2 %mol C 2 H 4 %mol C 2 H 6 %mol O 2 %mol H 2 %mol Ar %mol CO 2 %mol C 6 H 6 %mol C 7 H 8 %mol C 8 H %mol orific value 0.3% rel. The analysis is on a normalized basis, i.e. the individual reported component concentrations are adjusted, so that their sum equals 0%. Analysis time is 30 seconds. Precision is demonstrated using calibration gas 1 over 8 hours. #1 Precision (t Dev) %mol H CH NH 3 H 2 O CO N C 2 H C 2 H O H Ar CO C 6 H C 7 H C 8 H Thermo Fisher cientific Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire +44(0)

2 Coal Gasification Application ummary Prima PRO.doc Page 2 of 5 The precision is measured as the standard deviation, defined as follows:- σ n-1 = { (x i -x m ) 2 /(n-1)} 1/2 where:- n refers to the number of measurements to which the statistical determination is to be applied, x i refers to the individual measurements and x m is the mean value = {x 1 + x 2 + x x n }/n. The analysis is on a normalized basis, i.e. the individual reported component concentrations are adjusted, so that their sum equals 0%. Typical calibration interval is 1 month. The components being measured may be varied from those shown above. For analysis of different components please consult factory for performance estimate. 2. CAIBRATION GA REQUIREMENT to be supplied by others The following calibration gases are required:- #1 H #2 CH #3 NH H 2O #4 CO #5 #6 #7 #8 N 2 Balance C 2H C 2H O H Ar 0.55 #9 CO C 6H C 7H C 8H He # Notes 1. Typical calibration cylinder sizes are -50 litres. Cylinder pressures should be the maximum obtainable up to 200 bar, consistent with being non-condensing. Double stage regulators with 0-2 bar(g) output stages should be used in conjunction with the calibration gas cylinders to set the output pressure to the mass spectrometer calibration panel to 1 bar. It is the responsibility of others to provide calibration gas cylinders, regulators and pipe-work leading from each cylinder to the calibration panel. It is recommended that 316 stainless steel tubing be used for connecting the calibration cylinders to the calibration panel. 2. ibration gas 1 should be a certified gravimetric mixture. 3. ibration gas should use % He. 4. ibration gases 2-9 should use 99.9% purity for gas preparation; however binary mixture composition only required to within 5% tolerance. Thermo Fisher cientific Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire +44(0)

3 Coal Gasification Application ummary Prima PRO.doc Page 3 of 5 5. ince water is not available in a calibration cylinder, if calibration of this component is required, then a vapour of known concentration will need to be supplied. One way of achieving this is to use a mass controlled flow (e.g. Aalborg MFC GFC ml/min) of Nitrogen (0 ml/min) flowing through a temperature controlled (80.0 +/-0.2 deg C) oven (e.g. VICI Dynacalibrator Model 150) containing a diffusion vial (VICI P/N: 19D-, Diffusion vial with 5mm diameter capillary and modification of the capillary stem to a length of 1.8cm). uch an arrangement would typically create a water vapour concentration of ~1 mol%. The actual water vapour concentration would be determined from measuring the weight loss of the vial containing water over a period of time and from knowing the flow of N2 carrier gas. uch a vapour generation system would need to be supplied by others. Another possibility for water calibration is to manually adjust the value of the water relative sensitivity in the instrument software so that the measured water vapour concentration on a sample stream matches a known value (either calculated/predicted or measured by another instrument) if available. If water is not calibrated then it can still be monitored. However, the measurements would be very repeatable yet possibly systematically off-set (e.g. +/- 15% relative, due to uncertainty in the calibration sensitivity factor). 3. RECOMMENDED ANAYI ET-UP - reference information Example values of relative sensitivities and fragmentation patterns (actual values will differ but be accurately calibrated by the instrument using the calibration gases). H 2 CH 4 NH 3 H 2O HCN CO N 2 C 2H 4 C 2H 6 O 2 H 2 Ar CO 2 C 6H 6 C 7H 8 C 8H Rel sens Thermo Fisher cientific Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire +44(0)

4 Coal Gasification Application ummary Prima PRO.doc Page 4 of 5 4. RECOMMENDED CAIBRATION PROCEDURE - reference information The gas calibration should be configured as follows, where F= Fragmentation, = ensitivity, = inearity. Note backgrounds should be measured with cal gas 11 (0% helium). Component gas gas gas H CH NH H 2 O gas 4 gas 5 gas 6 gas 7 gas 8 gas 9 gas CO N C 2 H C 2 H O H Ar 0.55 CO C 6 H C 7 H C 8 H He Thermo Fisher cientific Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire +44(0)

5 Coal Gasification Application ummary Prima PRO.doc Page 5 of 5 5. NOTE ON APPICATION Coal gasification is a process that converts coal from a solid to a gaseous state through partial oxidation. Typically coal gasification uses finely-pulverized coal which is fed into a pressurized vessel containing controlled amounts of oxygen and steam. The oxygen supply is controlled and is generally limited to 20 to 70 percent of the oxygen required theoretically for complete combustion. Heat and a new gaseous fuel are produced as the coal is gasified. The basic chemical reactions occurring are as follows: C + ½ O2 gasification CO C + H20 gasification CO + H2 The partial oxidation and heat and pressure break apart the chemical bonds in the coal and form a synthesis gas (syngas), which is primarily a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. After it is cleaned, the syngas can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide can also be combined using various processes to produce a wide array of commercial products, including chemicals, fertilizers, liquid fuels, and industrial gases. 6. PECIA APPICATION REQUIREMENT - reference information ROTARY PUMP PURGE A supply of N 2 (>99.9% purity) at 0.1 l/min is needed to purge the rotary pump oil box; this is to reduce the effect of H 2 and H 2 O on the rotary pump oil. The rotary pump is fitted with an oil box purge kit (with ¼ inch or 6 mm wagelok fitting) for connection to ¼ inch or 6 mm o.d. tubing for purge N 2 supply. 7. AMPE CONDITIONING REQUIRED It is the responsibility of others to provide suitable sample conditioning to ensure clean representative sample gases. The Prima PRO should be supplied with a sample flow of between 0.2 l/min and 1.0 l/min at a pressure within the range of 30 to 150 mbar gauge (0.4 2 psig). This flow should be verified and adjusted by a rotameter. The pressure required for 0.2 l/min of flow through the RM is approximately 30 mbar gauge (0.4 psig). For greater flow a proportionally greater pressure is required. The sample gas should be filtered to <2 microns. To protect the Prima PRO analyzer against blockage by liquids and dust we recommend the use of a membrane filter (e.g. Genie Membrane filter model 1 high flow, A+ Corp). Condensation in the sample lines must be avoided by ensuring the dew-point of the sample gas does not exceed the temperature of any of the sample conditioning components. Thermo Fisher cientific Ion Path, Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire +44(0)

Hydrogen Separation Membrane Applications

2009 Hydrogen Separation Membrane Applications Eltron Research & Development Inc. 4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301-3241 Doug Jack VP Technology 303.530.0263 x118 djack@eltronresearch.com Carl