24-25 September Lodi. Paolo Taddei Pardelli Spike Renewables Srl RE-CORD Consortium Florence, Italy

Transcription

1 24-25 September 2015 HTL and pyrolysis for biocrude oil production from lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel applications or as chemical intermediates Paolo Taddei Pardelli Spike Renewables Srl RE-CORD Consortium Florence, Italy

2 Outline Introduction Context, Aim and Objective Company presentations Spike Renewables Srl and RE-CORD Ongoing Projects Pyrolysis for bio-oil production Pilot plant Pilot plant mass/energy balance Building up new Flash Pyrolysis plant HTL for bio-oil production Pilot plant Pilot plant Mass/Energy balance Feedstock and output Conclusions 2

3 Context: Lignocellulosic Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Technologies Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Technologies such as Pyrolysis and HydroThermal Liquefaction (HTL) can directly convert lignocellulosic biomass into a liquid biocrude oil. The process outcome biocrude oil is then a chemical intermediate for bio-chemical products or for bio-fuel applications (from renewables resources). Main parameters Pyrolysis Parameter HTL Temperature C Gas without O 2 (anaerobic) Media Water 0-3 Pressure MPa s (fast) 10-30s (interm.) Residence time up to 1h 3

4 Ongoing Research Projects BIOGO-for-production (FP7): Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Bio Gas and Reforming of Pyrolysis Oil (BioOil) for an Autothermal Synthesis Gas Production and Conversion into Fuels. BIOGO is a 4-year collaborative project supported through the European Commission s Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies (NMP) theme. The project addresses topic within this theme: Exploration, optimisation and control of nano-catalytic processes for energy applications. BIOGO brings together fifteen Project Partners from seven countries. 4

5 Ongoing Research Projects LIDIA (SPRING National Technological Cluster of Green Chemistry): Development of second generation technologies for the conversion of organic derivates in green dicarboxylic acids as building blocks of renewable origin for the synthesis of chemicals and polymers. The aim of the project is to give concrete responses to find a valid and convenient alternative to petroleum for the production of chemical products from renewable organic raw material (not in competition with the food chain). 5

6 Spike Renewables SrL Spike Renewables SrL is an Engineering company composed by scientists from the University of Florence, Department of Energy CREAR (Research Center for Renewable Energy) and engineers with previous experience in General Electric Co. (Gas Turbine Division for Power Generation Applications). Focus on renewable energies: - Engineering of Electrical and Technological Systems in commercial, residential, industrial and healthy buildings HVAC Building Technology - CHP and Hydro Power EP - Concentrated solar power CSP-CPV - Biomass and bioenergy/biofuels processes and plants EP - Microalgae for biofuel pilot plant EP - Biomass thermochemical conversion - HTL Flash Pyrolysis Patented Processes 6

7 RE-CORD RE-CORD was established as a public/private not for profit Research Centre (according to EU and National Legislation). Members: University of Florence (CREAR and the Montepaldi farm), Spike Renewables Srl and Pianvallico SpA RE-CORD Consortium combines skills and resources (personnel, laboratories and equipments) of its members, creating a critical mass able to develop research and activities of primary-level science and technology. 7

8 Pilot units Milling & Briquetting unit (100 kg/h) Torrefaction/Carbonisation unit (50 kg/h) Methanation reactor Hydrothermal Liquefaction HTL (15 l/h) reactor (with Spike) Microreactor system for hydrothermal carbonization & liquefaction 1.5 kg/h Intermediate Catalytic Pyrolysis Open-top twin-fire gasifier (100 kg/h, kw e ) Downdraft Imbert-type gasifier (10 kwe) Capstone Microturbine converted to biofuels (30 kw e ) Garret Microturbine converted to biofuels (40 HP, 20 kw e ) External Combustion Microgasturbine ( kw e ) Pure Veg.Oil MicroCHP (5 kw e /10 kw th ) Pure Veg.Oil generators (7 e 50 kwe) Anaerobic digestors (2l-dynamic, BMP-static) Algae pilot plants (with DISPAA/F&M) Solar simulator for algae (SOSIA) 8

9 RE-CORD pyrolysis pilot plant description Condenser Feeding system Biomass and N2 Heating electric power Mixer Bio oil and non cond. gases 9

10 RE-CORD pyrolysis plant energy and mass balance Lab plant is not a reference for energy balance; use of char and heat recovery may increase overall efficiency Energy required for the pyrolysis[1]: 1.6±0.3 MJ (kg-dry-biomass) -1 for pine [1] Daugaard D. E., and Brown R. C., 2003, Enthalpy for Pyrolysis for Several Types of Biomass, Energy & Fuels, 17(4), pp

11 Spike HTL pilot plant description Patent Pilot Plant for biomass Hydro Thermal Liquefaction (HTL) PROPERTY: Spike Renewables Srl / RE-CORD n. FI2015A date Filters Reactor Biomass and water Bio oil tank, non cond. gases and waste water HP electric pump Pre-heating 11

12 Spike HTL plant balance Lab plant is not a reference for energy balance; use of char and heat recovery may increase overall efficiency. Specific energy consumption based on design installed power brings to 97 MJ/kg (bio oil acetone soluble) [1] [1] [1] Toor, Rosendahl, Rudolf 2011 Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass A review of subcritical water technologies 12

13 Flash Pyrolysis reactor Patent Pilot Plant for biocrude oil production from lignocellulosic biomass by Flash Pyrolysis PROPERTY: Spike Renewables Srl n. FI date New Flash Pyrolysis Pilot Plant Innovative Continuous High efficiency arc lamp Bio-oil main product 10 kg/h biomass 6/7 kg/h bio-oil 13

14 Feedstock Pyrolysis Parameter HTL Very low Water content irrelevant 1-20 mm Size < 1mm Drying Pre-processing Milling Yes (dried) Lignocellulosic Yes (milled) Yes (dried) Algae Yes (as harvest) No Sewage / Sludge Yes Waste gas treatment Issues Waste water treatment Typical biomass 14

15 Feedstock influence on bio-oil Pyrolysis Parameter Lignocellulosics Macroalgae Microalgae Biocrude yield (%) Energy recovery (%) N (%) O (%) K. Chaiwong, 2013; M. C. C. Maguyon, 2013; K. Wang, 2013; F. Delrue 2014; J. Hyung, 2014; Z. Du, 2011; Z. Hu, 2013; C. E. Greenhalf, 2013; A. Oasmaa, HTL Parameter Lignocellulosics Macroalgae Microalgae Biocrude yield (% daf) Energy recovery (%) N (%) O (%) D.C. Elliott, P. Biller, A.B. Ross, A.J. Schmidt, S.B. Jones, Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Developments from batch to continuous process, Bioresour. Technol. (2014). 15

16 Bio-oil comparison Hydro Thermal Liquefaction Characteristics Pyrolysis Moisture [wt%] 5 25 HHV [MJ/kg] Viscosity [cps] 61 C 41 C Elemental analysis (db wt%) C H 8 6 O D.C. Elliott, G.F. Schiefelbein, Liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Fuel Chem. Annu. Meet. Prepr. 34 (1989)

17 Bio-oil derivatives: chemical intermediates Biomass constituent Hemicellulose ( C) Cellulose ( C) Lignin ( C) Whole biomass ( C) Pyrolysis products (major valueadded chemicals underlined) acetic acid, furfural, furan, furanone, thanol, other C1- C4 oxygenates (e.g. formaldehyde, hydroxyacetaldehyde, acetone, acetol, lactones, etc), C5 and C6-anhydrosugars, humic substances levoglucosan, hydroxyacetaldehyde, 1,6 anhydro-b-dglucofuranose, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, furan, other C1-C4 oxygenates (e.g. methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetol, lactones, etc) 2-methoxyphenols (e.g. guaiacol), 2,6- dimethoxyphenols (e.g. syringol), catechols, phenol, alkyl-phenols methanol, other oxygenated aromatics (e.g. coumaran), furfural, acetic acid, other C1-C4 oxygenates (e.g. formaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetol, lactones, etc) pyrolytic lignin extractives (e.g. terpenes), charcoal, pyrolysis-oil, gases (e.g. CO, CO2, CH4) Market application examples of the underlined chemicals bulk-chemical, vinegar (food), cleansing agent, vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, esters, solvent, road deicer (as calcium acetate), intermediate commodity chemical, solvent, resins, adhesives, food flavouring agent, precursor for specialty chemicals glucose, polymers, antibiotics food browning agent in liquid smoke fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food flavouring agents in liquid smoke, fragrance industry, bulkchemical, wood-adhesives, resins, plastics, fuel additives bulk-chemical, solvent, fuel, antifreeze, ethanol denaturant, 2nd energy carrier for H2, biodiesel fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, turpentine, fuel, soil improver, active carbon, metallurgy, BBQ, liquid fuel, feedstock for chemicals such as organic acids and phenolic compounds fuel P. de Wild, H. Reith, E. Heeres, Biomass pyrolysis for chemicals, doi: /bfs

18 Conclusions Spike Renewables Srl is an Engineering Company (SME) member of RE-CORD Consortium (University of Florence), with specific activities on innovative pilot plant design Spike/RECORD have availability of Pyrolysis and HTL pilot Plants for biocrude oil production from biomass feedstocks Partner profile: SME for engineering of innovative pilot plant design; Availablity of pilot plants for biofuel/bioproduct research activities and production 18

19 Thanks for your attention! Paolo Taddei Pardelli Contacts 19