FOPR 5050/6050 Biomass Processing Chemistry and Bioenergy Syllabus. Auburn University

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1 FOPR 5050/6050 Biomass Processing Chemistry and Bioenergy Syllabus Auburn University Course Number: FOPR5050/6050 Chemistry and Bioenergy Course Instructor: Maobing Tu Prerequisites: CHEM 1010 or higher Course Title: Biomass Processing Credit Hours: 3; 3 hours lecture Course Description This course introduces biomass fiber morphology, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin chemistry and their chemical analyses. It also covers biomass pretreatment/fractionation, enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose and biochemical conversion of hydrolysate to ethanol or butanol. Bioenergy and bioproducts from woody biomass will be emphasized. Course Objectives 1. Students will develop a basic understanding of wood chemistry and forest biotechnology. 2. Gain a profound knowledge of the chemistry of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and their chemical reactions in pulping and bleaching processes. 3. Develop a basic understanding of bioconversion process for biofuels and bioproducts from woody biomass. 4. Develop a basic understanding of wood fibers and biosynthesis of wood constituents. 5. Develop a basic understanding of biotechnology application in forest industry. In addition, graduate students will: 1. Develop professional oral and written communication skills necessary within the discipline. 2. Gain an advanced knowledge of wood chemistry focused on biomass processing. 3. Understand the current state of technical issues related to bioconversion of biomass to liquid biofuels. Textbook or Assigned Readings The required textbook for this class is Eero Sjöström's Wood Chemistry-Fundamentals and Applications (Second Edition, Publisher: Academic Press)

2 Reference book Monica EK; Goran Gellerstedt; Gunnar Henriksson 2007 Wood Chemistry and Wood Biotechnology (Publisher: Stockholm: KTH) Grading and Evaluation Procedures For undergraduate students, the two examinations during the semester will each constitute 25% of your final grade. The final examination will account for 40% of your grade. The attendance will be 10% of your final grade. For graduate students, the two examinations during the semester will each constitute 15% of your final grade. The final examination will account for 40% of your grade. The attendance will be 10% of your final grade. A research paper and oral presentation will be 20% of your final grade. Fifty percent of the final exam will be cover the material in the last third of the course and 50% will be comprehensive. Make-up exams will only be given only with a valid university excuse (dire and documented emergencies). This means a Doctors statement or other documentation must be provided. All make-up exams will be given on one of the two designated makeup days. The student is responsible for informing the instructor prior to missing an exam no later than one week after the exam official date. Method of Evaluation for FOPR 5050 (Grading): 10% Attendance 50% Exams (2 exams) 40% Final Exam Method of Evaluation for FOPR 6050: 10% Attendance 30% Exams (2 exams) 20% Research Paper (Presentation) 40% Final Exam Grade Scale A= B= C= D= F= 59-0

3 Policies Students with Disabilities Students who need special accommodations should make an appointment to discuss the Accommodation Memo during my office hours as soon as possible. If scheduled office hours conflict with classes, please arrange an alternate appointment time. If you do not have an Accommodation Memo, but need special accommodations, contact The Program for Students with Disabilities in 1244 Haley Center ( V/TTY) Academic Honesty Auburn University expects students to pursue their academic work with honesty and integrity. Violations of the Student Academic Honesty Code and potential sanctions are detailed under Title XII of the SGA Code of Laws, which can be found in the Tiger Cub. Justification for Graduate Credit Additional readings for graduate students will include the topics of improve wood properties through genetic engineering and Renewable & alternative energy from woody biomass Lu, S., Sun, Y.H., Amerson, H. and Chiang, V.L. (2007). MicroRNAs in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and their association with fusiform rust gall development. Plant J. 51: Shiro Suzuki, Laigeng Li, Ying-Hsuan Sun and Vincent L. Chiang (2006). The cellulose synthase gene superfamily and biochemical functions of xylem-specific cellulose synthase-like genes in Populus trichocarpa. Plant Physiol. 142: Song, J., Lu, S., Chen, Z.Z., Lourenco, R., and Chiang, V.L. (2006). Genetic transformation of Populus trichocarpa genotype Nisqually-1: A functional genomic tool for woody plants. Plant and Cell Physiol. 47: Lu, S. F., Zhou, Y. H., Li, L. G., & Chiang, V. L. (2006). Distinct roles of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase genes in Populus. Plant and Cell Physiology, 47(7), Chiang, V. L. (2006). Monolignol biosynthesis and genetic engineering of lignin in trees, a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 4(3), Yamada, T., Yeh, T. F., Chang, H. M., Li, L. G., Kadla, J. F., & Chiang, V. L. (2006). Rapid analysis of transgenic trees using transmittance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Holzforschung, 60(1), Alper, H.; Moxley, J.; Nevoigt, E.; Fink, G.; Stephanopoulos, G., Engineering yeast transcription machinery for improved ethanol tolerance and production. Science 2006, 314, (5805), Fargione, J.; Hill, J.; Tilman, D.; Polasky, S.; Hawthorne, P., Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt. Science 2008, 319, (5867), Himmel, M., Biomass recalcitrance: Engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production (vol 315, pg 804, 2007). Science 2007, 316, (5827), Himmel, M.; Ding, S.; Johnson, D.; Adney, W.; Nimlos, M.; Brady, J.; Foust, T., Biomass recalcitrance: Engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. Science 2007, 315, (5813),

4 11. Jordan, N.; Boody, G.; Broussard, W.; Glover, J.; Keeney, D.; McCown, B.; McIsaac, G.; Muller, M.; Murray, H.; Neal, J.; Pansing, C.; Turner, R.; Warner, K.; Wyse, D., Environment - sustainable development of the agricultural bio-economy. Science 2007, 316, (5831), Kintisch, E., Genomics - biofuels to be focus of new doe centers. Science 2006, 313, (5788), Kintisch, E., Energy research - BP bets big on UC Berkeley for novel biofuels center. Science 2007, 315, (5813), Palmer, M., Biofuels and the environment. Science 2007, 317, (5840), Porter, J.; Chirinda, N.; Felby, C.; Olesen, J., Biofuels: Putting current practices in perspective. Science 2008, 320, (5882), Righelato, R.; Spracklen, D., Environment - carbon mitigation by biofuels or by saving and restoring forests? Science 2007, 317, (5840), Scharlemann, J.; Laurance, W., Environmental Science - how green are biofuels? Science 2008, 319, (5859), Searchinger, T.; Heimlich, R.; Houghton, R.; Dong, F.; Elobeid, A.; Fabiosa, J.; Tokgoz, S.; Hayes, D.; Yu, T., Use of us croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change. Science 2008, 319, (5867), Stephanopoulos, G., Challenges in engineering microbes for biofuels production. Science 2007, 315, (5813), Tilman, D.; Hill, J.; Lehman, C., Response to comment on "carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass". Science 2007, 316, (5831), Graduate students will have to learn and understand the fundamentals and application of wood chemistry and forest biotechnology. In addition to the knowledge and skills gained from lectures, graduate students are required to dive deeper into and report on some of the theoretical aspects of these subjects via a thorough search of the literature. In this connection, graduate students will be required to write a research paper about genetic modification of trees or forest biorefinery, and give an oral presentation in class following a seminar format. This is intended to enhance their ability to be good scientists with excellent communication skills and solid knowledge in are of forest products. The graduate students are expected to understand what are the potentials and bottlenecks for biotechnology application in wood properties improvement, and to comprehend the current state of technical issues in the biofuels production from woody biomass and their potential environmental impact.

5 Outline of Course Content Chapter 1 Basic biomass properties (week 1) 1. Cell wall and plant anatomy 2. Fiber morphology Chapter 2 Basic Carbohydrate chemistry (week 2) 3. Structure and stereochemistry 4. Reduction of monosaccharide 5. Oxidation of monosaccharide 6. Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides Chapter 3 Chemistry of polysaccharides (week 4-5) 7. Structure and properties of cellulose 8. Addition and substitution reactions 9. Structure and properties of hemicelluloses 10. Hydrolysis of cellulose by acid and enzyme 11. In-class Exam I Chapter 4 Chemistry of lignin (week 5-6) 12. Biosynthesis of lignin 13. Structure and properties of lignin 14. Isolation and application of lignin 15. Chemistry of extractives Chapter 5 Pulping technology (week 7-8) 16. Mechanical pulping and chemical pulping 17. Sulfate Process (Kraft pulping) 18. Sulfite Process and bioethanol production Chapter 6 Biomass pretreatment/fractionation (week 9-10 Guest speakers) 19. Dilute acid pretreatment 20. Steam explosion pretreatment 21. Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment 22. Organosolv pretreatment 23. In-class Exam II Chapter 7 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose (week 11-12) 24. Cellulases from Trichoderma reesei 25. Cellulosome cellulases of Clostridium cellulovorans 26. Enzymatic hydrolysis modes for cellulose Chapter 8 Biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to alcohol (week 13-14) 27. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation process (SHF) 28. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SSF) 29. Consolidated Bioprocess (CBP)

6 30. Pentose fermentation by yeast and bacteria Chapter 8 Thermochemical conversion of biomass to liquid fuels (week 15 Guest speakers) 31. Gasification process 32. Pyrolysis process of lignocellulose to liquid fuels