GREENGUARD Select SM Standard

Transcription

1 FINAL DRAFT - for PILOT STUDY GREENGUARD Select SM Standard

2 1. Background 1.1 Purpose The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute introduces GREENGUARD Select SM, a pilot program for product emissions combining indoor air quality emissions criteria with specific product requirements. The purpose of this program is to: 1) Expand and clarify the use of the GREENGUARD Children & Schools Standard 1 criteria for products used in other environments, such as health care and commercial 2) Verify additional product market needs for green building requirements 3) To demonstrate minimization of human exposure to individual chemicals and mixtures of chemicals associated with products used in indoor environments 4) Build a base standard that will allow the future addition of additional modules to further meet market needs. This program is structured as a base program that all products must meet. Once they have been fully developed, additional modules with unique criteria relevant to existing market needs will be introduced. Since the acceptability of indoor air quality is unregulated in the United States and since there are no regulated levels of individual chemicals or mixture of chemicals for non-occupational indoor exposures, this program addresses source control of indoor pollutants through existing exposure management guidance. GREENGUARD Select combines current emissions criteria for formaldehyde and other VOC emissions from established indoor air quality standards, the GREENGUARD Children & Schools Standard 1 and the California Department of Public Health s CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.1, Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers (or Section 1350 ) (February 2010). 2 In addition requirements have been added for select products based on market or regulatory demands. Product use is addressed in commercial office, educational, healthcare and residential environments. Page 1 of 14

3 GREENGUARD Select brings additional non-emissions based requirements necessary for the minimization of chemical exposure under one standard. These include VOC content requirements for paints, coatings, adhesives and sealants; Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) requirements for lead and phthalates; and California Air Resources Board (CARB) formaldehyde limits for Composite Wood Products. 2.0 Scope 2.1 General This standard is applicable to the determination of emissions from building materials, finishes and furnishings in commercial, residential, healthcare and educational environments. Acquisition of data that has meaning within the context of this standard, requires defined sample collection and handling procedures and the use of precise and accurate analytical measurement systems and procedures. Additionally, any manufacturer of products evaluated in reference to the requirements set forth in this standard, shall have in place a production quality control system that is capable of assuring products are manufactured with emissions characteristics similar to those that are evaluated when performing certification tests. Examples of quality systems include: ISO 9001:2008, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), and Total Quality Management (TQM). The consistency of emissions characteristics shall be verified through ongoing certification tests. Product data collected under this standard is evaluated against chronic (long-term) U.S. Product emissions criteria that have been consolidated from the existing GREENGUARD Children & Schools Standard and the California Department of Public Health s Section Other requirements include incorporation of specific product requirements including the CPSIA requirements for lead and phthalates for applicable children s products, 3 CARB formaldehyde limits for Composite Wood Products used in finished products; 4 ANSI/BIFMA X and ANSI/BIFMA e emissions criteria (sections and 7.6.2) 6 for commercial office furniture; and low VOC content verification for paints and coatings and adhesives and sealants according to USGBC s LEED 7 requirements for VOC content. Page 2 of 14

4 The GREENGUARD Select program does not attempt to address safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. A complete toxicity study is beyond the scope of program application. Program criteria cover a defined number of chemical parameters in a limited number of environments. This program does not purport to address occupational exposures, exposure during product application, or exposure to every chemical in indoor environments through inhalation or other routes of exposure. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer of the product to specify appropriate use of products, as well as to determine what regulatory limitations, if any, may exist. Questions about this standard program or its application may be directed to the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute at info@greenguard.org. 2.2 Outline of Key Elements: Applicable test methods for obtaining emissions data include the most recent versions of: GREENGUARD s test method (GGTM.P066) Standard Method For Measuring and Evaluating Chemical Emissions from Building Materials, Finishes and Furnishings Using Dynamic Environmental Chambers; 8 California DPH s Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emission from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers, Version 1.1 CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.1 (CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.1); and ANSI/BIFMA M , Standard Test Method for Determining VOC Emissions from Office Furniture Systems, Components and Seating. Sample handling, sample preparation as well as chamber and analytical measurement methodologies are comparable among these methods. While measurement and analytical methodologies are comparable, environment exposure models, emissions criteria, and certification requirements used for GREENGUARD Selectare defined and shall meet or exceed the requirements presented in these methodologies. For emissions, tested products and resulting exposure concentrations are reviewed relative to the criteria found in Section 6 and include: requirements for total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), total aldehydes, ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), 9 Cal/EPA OEHHA Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) 10 and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinine. Page 3 of 14

5 Exposure models for determining air concentrations in specific defined environments are described in Section Suitability for Certification This Standard was created with reference to International Standards Organization ISO/IEC 17007:2009 and is suitable for certification purposes. 2.4 Process Certification procedures are presented in GG.PM.001, Program Manual for GREENGUARD Product Certification Programs Terminology Product: A product is the end result of the manufacturing process to be offered to the marketplace as-is or as an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) operation; a unique item distinguishable by a discrete model number. Specifically, any item supplied by the Manufacturer that the Manufacturer desires to have GREENGUARD Certified. An OEM refers to a component product that is made by one manufacturer but sold to another company, which uses it to make a final product for the marketplace. For other applicable definitions, refer to Section 1.4 of GGTM.P066 Standard Method for Measuring and Evaluating Chemical Emissions from Building Materials, Finishes and Furnishings Using Dynamic Environmental Chambers. 4.0 Requirements 4.1 Emissions Testing Product emissions testing must follow the analytical testing methods listed in Section Environments & Exposure Modeling Exposure concentrations are determined using the residential, commercial, educational, and/or healthcare exposure models in Section 7. Section 7.5 presents a table with summary dimensions Page 4 of 14

6 of each environment. Additional environments may be used if approved by the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute and determined to be representative of exposure and product use. If a product is being certified for multiple institutional environmental sectors (i.e. commercial, educational and healthcare), then the most stringent environment shall be used to model exposure. Products sold into residential markets are modeled independently. The environment used to model exposure shall be clearly stated on certification documents and the rational for selection of the environment used for modeling exposure will be outlined in the laboratory test report. The loading factors for major product types used are presented in the referenced documents, test methods and standards. Surface areas for other specialized product types will be determined based on product usage and recommended manufacturer application rates. This information shall be, documented in test reports. If specialized environments are designed to model unique product types or exposure scenarios, they shall be approved by GREENGUARD Environmental Institute and a brief description of that environment shall be included in test reports. Page 5 of 14

7 4.3 Emissions Criteria Product emissions are required to meet the following exposure concentration criteria at 168 hours with the exception of formaldehyde and the other CA CRELs. Formaldehyde and the other CA CREL criteria, as listed in CDPH/EHLB/STANDARD METHOD V1.1 must be met at a time point no greater than 336 hours (14 days). Compliance may be achieved at time points prior to 336 hours, so long as it is demonstrated that emissions have already peaked. Individual VOCs 1,2 Formaldehyde 3 1/100 TLV and ½ CA chronic REL (Office Seating: < 1/100 TLV and < ¼ CA chronic REL) mg/m 3 (0.007 ppm) (Office Seating: < mg/m 3 (< ppm)) 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mg/m 3 (Office Seating: <0.08 mg/m 3 ) Total VOC 5 Total Aldehydes mg/m³ ppm Total Particles < 10 µm (PM 10 ) 7 < 0.02 mg/m 3 1. Any VOC with a Threshold Limit Value (TLV) must produce an air concentration level no greater than 1/100 the TLV industrial work place standard (Reference: American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway, Building D-7, Cincinnati, Ohio ). A safety factor of 100 is selected to include potential exposure to vulnerable groups (such as children, pregnant women, and persons weakened by illness) and to account for exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals. 12 Page 6 of 14

8 2. Any VOC with a CA Chronic Reference Exposure Level (CREL) must produce an air concentration level no greater than 1/2 the CA CREL ( as determined by the State of California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)). 3. Formaldehyde criteria established so that emission levels reach no more than 9 µg/m 3 (7.3 ppb the 2008 CA OEHHA CREL) predicted air concentration within 14 days of installation (meeting CA Section 1350 requirements). 4. Based on the CA Prop 65 Maximum Allowable Dose Level for inhalation of 3,200 µg/day and an inhalation rate of 20 m 3 /day and is intended to comply with existing standards for product emissions. 5. Defined to be the total response of measured VOCs falling within the C 6 C 16 range, with responses calibrated to a toluene surrogate. The TVOC limit used is intended minimize exposure to mixtures of chemicals while also complying with TVOC requirement found in the GREENGUARD Children & Schools Standard. 6. Defined to be the total response of a specific target list of aldehydes (2-butenal; acetaldehyde; benzaldehyde; 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2-methylbenzaldehyde; 3-and/or 4 - methylbenzaldehyde; butanal; 3-methylbutanal; formaldehyde; hexanal; pentanal; propanal) by HPLC-UV, with each individually calibrated to a compound specific standard. The total aldehydes limit used is intended to minimize exposure to aldehydes while also complying with requirements found in the GREENGUARD Children & Schools Standard. 7. Applicable to fibrous, particle-releasing products with exposed surface area in air streams (i.e. Duct Liner, Duct Board, Flexible Duct and Air Handling Insulation) using a forced air test. Page 7 of 14

9 4.4 Product Specific Requirements Hardwood plywood (HWPW), particleboard (PB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF) used by panel manufacturers, third party certifiers, distributors, importers, fabricators, retailers and in finished goods certified under this standard shall meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxics Control Measure (ATCM) to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions requirements for Composite Wood Products Commercial office furniture shall meet the testing requirements and emissions criteria in ANSI/BIFMA M , ANSI/BIFMA X and BIFMA e (Sections and 7.6.2) Under GREENGUARD Select, it must be verified that CPSIA requirements for lead and phthalates in applicable children s products have been met and that testing has been performed by a Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) accredited testing laboratory, following the applicable test methods for phthalate and lead content. Lead content testing follows CPSC-CH- E (June 2010 Revision) Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Total Lead (Pb) in Children s Metal Products (Including Children s Metal Jewelry), CPSC-CH-E (June 2010 Revision) Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Total Lead (Pb) in Non-Metal Children s Products or CPSC-CH-E Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Lead (Pb) in Paint and Other Similar Surface Coatings, February 25, 2011 as applicable. Phthalate analysis follows CPSC-CH-C (April 2010 Revision) Standard Operating Procedure for Determination of Phthalates for the following six regulated phthalates: diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) VOC Content Paints, coatings, adhesives and sealants products shall meet the VOC content requirements of LEED 2009 Credits for Low-Emitting Interiors (Section 4.1 for Adhesives and Sealants and Section 4.2 for Paints and Coating). The 2009 requirements are as follows: Paints and Coatings used in New Construction and Major Renovations (NC), Commercial Interiors (CI) & Core and Shell (CS) shall meet the following requirements: 14 Page 8 of 14

10 Interior clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, and shellacs must comply with the applicable chemical content requirements found in South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113-Jan 1, Anti-corrosive and anti-rust paints applied to interior ferrous metal substrates must not exceed the VOC content limit of 250 g/l established in Green Seal Standard GS-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, January 7, Architectural paints and coatings applied to interior walls and ceilings must not exceed the VOC content limits established in Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, Adhesives and Sealants used in NC, CI, & CS shall meet the following requirements: 15 Adhesives, sealants and sealant primers must comply with the chemical content and testing requirements found in South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule January 7, Aerosol Adhesives must comply with the VOC limits in Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36, October 19th Product Specific Modules Additional modules and will be added. These modules will be designed to meet the market needs of product manufacturers. Page 9 of 14

11 6.0 Exposure Environments Exposure environments provided for commercial, educational and residential environments are those defined in CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.1, Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers (CA Section 1350). A healthcare environment has been provided by a leading architectural firm following the guidance of 2010 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities. Furniture testing for pupil tables and chairs; commercial open plan workstations, and commercial seating follow the guidance of Section 7 of the CDPH method. Private office workstations are not within the scope of the CDPH method. An alternative private office is provided for executive furniture and case goods (See Section 6.2). 6.1 Educational Environment The classroom is as defined in CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.1, Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers. (February 2010). The school classroom model is based on the dimensions of a typical re-locatable classroom; the classroom size also is generally representative of site-built classrooms for K-12 schools (Jenkins, Phillips and Waldman, 2004). It is a 24-ft (7.32 m) wide by 40-ft (12.2 m) long classroom with an 8.5-ft (2.59 m) high ceiling, and a resulting volume of 231 m 3. The effective outdoor air ventilation rate used is 0.82 h -1. This is a weekly average assuming 40 hours per week of ventilation system operation at 2.8 h -1 and 128 hours per week at 0.2 h -1 due to infiltration. The 2.8 h -1 value is determined using the ASHRAE ventilation guideline for classrooms occupied by pupils, ages five and up for 27 occupants in the space. The minimum ventilation requirement is 10 cfm/person and 0.12 cfm/ft 2 floor area. The class room has one 3-ft by 7-ft door, one 4-ft by 4-ft window and one 4-ft by 8-ft window. 6.2 Commercial Office Environments The private office found in the CDPH method, Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers. Version 1.1 (CA Section 01350) is used to model all products except for furniture. Page 10 of 14

12 For open plan systems, a room volume of 16.3 m 3 (576 ft 3 ) with the floor defined ventilation rate of 0.92 ACH is used, as defined in ANSI/BIFMA M and recognized by CA Section The room volume is derived from the BIFMA defined typical open plan office environment for a single workstation system of 2.44 m x 2.44 m (8 x 8 ) floor area with 2.74 m (9 ) ceilings, accounting for a standard 1.83 m x 1.83 m (6 x 6 ) open plan workstation system. Office seating uses an air flow rate of 24.8 m 3 /hr for individual seating units as defined in CA Section This is ½ the average of the ANSI/BIFMA M private and open plan offices air flow rate of 24.8 m 3 /hr. An alternate private office environment 16 is used to model executive furniture and case goods furniture. The private office environment has dimensions of 4.57 m x 3.66 m x 2.74 m (15 x 12 x 9 ), which results in a room volume of 45.9 m³ (1,620 ft 3 ). The room has one m x 2.13 m (3 x 7 ) door and two 1.22 m x 2.13 m (4 x 7 ) windows. The office is designed for single occupancy. The air exchange rate is 0.59 h -1 and is based on ASHRAE Standard Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality 17 using the specified parameters of 5 cfm per person and 0.06 cfm/ft² for office spaces in office buildings. 6.3 Healthcare Environment The private patient room is based on previously unpublished work done by the Architectural Firm of Lord, Aeck & Sargent and is based on the information on private patient rooms found in 2010 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities. 18 The private patient room is designed for a single occupant and has a net floor surface area of 121 ft 2 (11.2 m 2 ), dimensions of 3.51 m x 3.20 m x 2.74 m (11.5 x 10.5 x 9.0 ) and a volume of 1,089 ft 3 (30.8 m 3 ). The air exchange rate is 2 ACH per ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard Table 7-1. The room has one 48 wide by 84 tall door and one 24 wide by 66 tall window. The private patient room adheres to the 2010 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities. Per this guide, each private patient room must have a minimum clear floor area of 120 ft 2 (11.15 m 2 ) (See Section ) and shall be provided with natural light by means of a window to the outside (See Section ). Windows in patient rooms must be no less than 8 percent of the floor area of the room served (See Section ). Page 11 of 14

13 6.4 Residential Environments The new, single-family residential model defined in Appendix B of CA Section is used as the default exposure scenario for products used in residential settings. The residential scenario is based on the assumed dimensions of a new median size detached single-family home (The Buildings Energy Data Book, Table 2.2. U.S. DOE 2008). The residential scenario has a total or four bedrooms, three additional rooms, two full baths, a volume of 547 m3, a floor surface area of 211 m2, an average ceiling height of 2.59 m (8.5 ft) and an air exchange rate of 0.23 hr-1. Additional parameters that define the single-family residence are listed in Table B-1 and Table B2 of California Specification s Appendix B. Product loadings that are defined in appendix B must be used by default. Where loadings are not defined in Appendix B of CA loadings will calculated using additional information from the Buildings Energy Data Book (U.S. DOE, 2008), National Association of Home Builders, additional governmental, and/or peer reviewed references. Page 12 of 14

14 6.5 Summary Dimensions for Model Environments Parameter Educational Environment CA Classroom CA Private Office* Commercial Environments Furniture Private Office BIFMA Open Plan Office Healthcare Environment Private Patient Room Residential Environment CA Home Room Length (m) 12.2 (40 ft) 3.66 (12 ft) 4.57 (15 ft) 2.44 (8 ft) 3.51 (11.5 ft) NA Room Width (m) 7.32 (24 ft) 3.05 (10 ft) 3.66 (12 ft) 2.44 (8 ft) 3.20 (10.5 ft) NA Ceiling Height (m) 2.59 (8.5 ft) 2.74 (9 ft) 2.74 (9 ft) 2.74 (9 ft) 2.74 (9 ft) 2.59 (8.5 ft) Net Volume (m 3 ) Occupancy NA Air Change Rate (ACH) (1/hr) Outdoor Air Flow Rate (m 3 /h) *The CA Private Office is used for products except furniture. Note: Final areas and volumes given are net, i.e. gross areas and volumes minus encroachments, bump-outs, etc. The outdoor air flow rate value used for modeling of commercial seating is 24.8 m 3 /hr for individual seating units. Mattress products are modeled using microenvironments described in Section 7.4. Page 13 of 14 It cannot be reproduced, copied, or used for any other purpose. The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute reserves the right to

15 7.0 References: 1 GGPS.002. GREENGUARD Children and Schools SM Standard. 2 CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.1, Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers. (February 2010). 3 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, Sections 101 and California Air Resources Board. Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products. California Code of Regulations. Title 17, Sections Standard for Formaldehyde and TVOC Emissions of Low-emitting Office Furniture and Seating. ANSI/BIFMA X ANSI/BIFMA e Furniture Sustainability Standard. ANSI/BIFMA e Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) IEQ Credit 4.1 and 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials and proposed revisions. 8 Standard Method For Measuring and Evaluating Chemical Emissions from Building Materials, Finishes and Furnishings Using Dynamic Environmental Chambers. GGTM.P hx 9 American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Value (TLV) industrial work place standard 10 Cal/EPA OEHHA Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) Program Manual for GREENGUARD Product Certification Programs. GG.PM Survey of chemical compounds in consumer products. Survey no Survey, emission and evaluation of volatile organic chemicals in printed matter. Ole Christian Hansen and Torben Eggert. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. 13 California Air Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxics Control Measure (ATCM) to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions requirements for Composite Wood Products. CCR Title Paints and Coatings used in SCHOOLs must meet additional emissions requirements under LEED 2009 (See LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction). These requirements are met through GREENGUARD Select. 15 Adhesives and Sealants used in SCHOOLs must meet additional emissions requirements under LEED 2009 (See LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction). These requirements are met through GREENGUARD Select. 16 Research on Private Office Sizes is found in GG.QF.013.R1. Notice of Change. GREENGUARD Environmental Institute ASHRAE Standard Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities. ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard Ventilation of Health Care Facilities. Page 14 of 14 It cannot be reproduced, copied, or used for any other purpose. The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute reserves the right to modify or change elements of this program as needed for program operation and performance.