Study of Using Energy Storage to Mitigate the Impact of High Renewable Energy Penetration to the Grid

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1 Study of Using Energy Storage to Mitigate the Impact of High Renewable Energy Penetration to the Grid Che-I Lin (TPRI) Taiwan Power Company

2 Outline Introduction Development of Renewable Energy in Taiwan Issues Encountered with High RE Penetration Benefits of Energy Storage and Demo Projects Conclusion 1

3 Development of Renewable Energy in Taiwan 2

4 Generation Capacity in Taiwan by Generation Types in 2016 Gas-Fired 36% Nuclear 14% CHP 3% Hydro 3% Coal-Fired 37% Renewable Energy 5% Pumped-Hydro 1% Oil-Fired 4% Wind 1% PV 0% Biomass 0% Landfill Gas 1% 3

5 Installed Capacity in Taiwan by Generation Types in 2016 Gas-Fired 36% Nuclear 12% Hydro 5% Coal-Fired 27% Renewable Energy [ 百分比 ] Oil-Fired 8% Pumped-Hydro 6% Wind 2% PV 2% Biomass 0% Landfill Gas 2% 4

6 Expected Renewable Energy Installed Capacity in Taiwan Installed Capacity (MW) (year) On-shore Wind Hydro Biomass Geothermal Off-shore Wind PV 5

7 Issues Encountered with High RE Penetration 6

8 Monthly Wind Power Output Spring Summer 7

9 Monthly PV Output Winter Summer 8

10 Monthly Variable Generation Output About 3 : 1 9

11 Average Daily Wind Production Profiles by Season

12 Average Daily PV Production Profiles by Season

13 Average Daily VG Production Profiles by Season :00 12

14 Normalized RE Production 60 Min Variability by Day 13

15 Normalized RE Production 10 Min Variability by Day 14

16 Expected Duck Curve Effect in Taiwan 15

17 Expected Duck Curve Effect in the State of California of the USA 16

18 Reserve Power MW Supplemental Reserve Taipower s Reserve Power Category Automatic Generation Control (AGC) EPRI s Reserve Power Category Reg(Regulation) Spinning Reserve Energy Spinning Reserve Supplemental Reserve Flex AGC Time 17

19 Average Reserve Power by Coverage Confidence Interval Linear 5X!! Linear 5X!! 18

20 Benefits of Energy Storage and Demo Projects 19

21 Load Leveling and Peak Shaving with Energy Storage 20

22 Other Potential Benefits of Energy Storage Dispatch Generation -Energy Management -Peak Shaving and Load Leveling -Load Dispatching -Decrease Power Reserve -Delay the Need for New Power Plant User -Increase Power Quality -Lower Contract Capacity -Decrease Electricity Payment Transmission Distribution -Grid Connection Energy Management -Mitigate Transmission Congestion -Delay Transmission Investment 21

23 Energy Storage Demonstration Sites in Taiwan KimMen Energy Storage: 50kW/150kWh (Lithium iron phosphate) Testing Functions: Centralized Community Energy Storage System Power Flow Management and Control Distributed Grid Business Model Demonstration PengHu Energy Storage: 100kW/40kWh (Li) Testing Functions: Renewable Energy Smoothening Load Leveling and Peak Shaving LongTan Energy Storage: 100kW/60kWh (Lithium iron phosphate ) Testing Functions: Continuous Islanding Operation Seamless Grid- Connected/Islanding Operation Remote Demand Response TPRI Energy Storage: 30kW/63.3kWh (Lithium iron phosphate ) Testing Functions: Voltage Dip Compensation Demand Response Grid-Connected/Islanding Operation 22

24 Evaluation of ESS on 161 kv Congested Transmission Line Items Scenarios Scenario 1: Replacing Transmission Lines Scenario 2: Installing Transmission Level Energy Storage System Scenario 2-A Scenario 2-B Scenario 2-C Demands to be satisfied Year 2031 (To start construction now) Year 2021 (Delaying the construction for 5 years) Year 2024 (Delaying the construction for 8 years) Year 2031 (Delaying the construction for 15 years) Energy Capacity 440MVA 778MVA 115MW 410MWH 150MW 811MWH 300MW 1,590MWH Installation Price ~USD$ 20M ~USD$ 163M ~USD$ 324M ~USD$ 636M Land space Requirement Energy Lose Rate Note None ~0.56km 2 ~1.11km 2 ~4.92km 2 0% 25% Can last for over 30 years Take Sodium- sulfur battery as example - each unit is about 1MW x 6hr Discharging time is set at 6 hr for each scenario Average 4,500 cycles can last for about 15 years 23

25 Conclusion Transmission Level Energy Storage System Requirement: at least MW-level capacity Condition: Low Cost, High Safety, No Environmental Impact Technology Maturity: No commercially matured transmission level ESS on the market internationally Only a few demonstration products that supports dozens of MW output Hard to evaluate the lifetime and costs Not economical Future Development: Incorporate with renewable energy with the development of transmission level energy storage system to strengthen the grid s reliability, safety, security, environmental impact, energy efficiency, and financial benefits 24

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