Standardizing Smart/Connected Products in a Highly Innovative and Dynamic Market

Transcription

1 Standardizing Smart/Connected Products in a Highly Innovative and Dynamic Market Robert Wilkins Thursday, September 15, :00 a.m. 10:30 a.m.

2 AHRI One of the nation s larger trade associations including manufacturers of: Central air-conditioning, chillers and comfort heating systems Water heaters (gas and electric) Commercial refrigeration Profile: 300+ manufacturers across 40+ product sections Establishes 100+ international industry standards & guidelines Administers 40+ rigorous performance certification programs Scope: Promotes policies beneficial to the industry Represents the industry domestically & globally Administers a comprehensive industry statistics program 2

3 AHRI & CEE Have Shared Interests Our common residential customers might seek: Improved comfort Energy savings Minimizing occupant impact of demand response programs Utilities might also seek: Energy savings Increased peak load reduction capability Improved communication, monitoring and data capabilities Less stress on distribution systems (reduced inrush, near unity PF) Manufacturers might also seek: Increased sales responding to customer needs Both have shared interests in expanding variable capacity HVAC 3

4 Why a Shared Interest in Variable Speed HVAC? Two Value Streams 1. To Consumer (or Building Owner) Energy savings: Cooling: 4 to 6 SEER points Heating: 4 to 5 HSPF points Comfort: Tighter temperature control Enhanced dehumidification More heat Lower noise 2. To Electric Utility Energy savings: Cooling: 4 to 6 SEER points Heating: 4 to 5 HSPF points Enhanced demand/price response: Greater peak load reduction Less impact on occupant comfort Virtually no inrush current Ancillary services and related Regulate load to match fluctuating renewables generation, virtual spinning reserves Near unity power factor More heat for colder climates 4

5 Why a Shared Interest in Variable Speed HVAC? Two Value Streams 1. To Consumer (or Building Owner) Energy savings: Cooling: 4 to 6 SEER points Heating: 4 to 5 HSPF points Comfort: Tighter temperature control Enhanced dehumidification More heat Lower noise Aligned DR programs: Energy savings incentives Demand response incentives Ancillary services incentives (future) 2. To Electric Utility Energy savings: Cooling: 4 to 6 SEER points Heating: 4 to 5 HSPF points Enhanced demand/price response: Greater peak load reduction Less impact on occupant comfort Virtually no inrush current Ancillary services and related Regulate load to match fluctuating renewables generation, virtual spinning reserves Near unity power factor More heat for colder climates 5

6 Two Types of Variable Capacity HVAC Continuously variable capacity (variable speed): Inverter-driven compressors, fans, blowers VS technology has advanced considerably in past decade VS compressors now common; wide range of sizes Japan is nearly 100% variable speed; China, following Discretely variable capacity: Mechanically unloaded compressors Dual compressors Similar benefits to variable speed, but less dramatic 6

7 Why Variable Speed? Much higher energy efficiency Improved comfort Tighter temperature & humidity control warmer a/c set points Much more heat from heat pumps in cold weather Enhanced demand response performance possible kw reduction much greater than cooling reduction Could relieve older, strained distribution circuits & transformers Near unity power factor Almost no startup current inrush Ability to ramp up/down versus on/off to minimize transients Mechanically unloaded: similar but less dramatic benefits AHRI Standard will include provisions for discretely variable 7

8 Independent Laboratory Performance Certification 40 Certified Capacity (Btuh in 000s) 30 Certified Efficiency 30 FS VS FS VS VS 20 (SEER) (EER) (HSPF) VS 20 FS 10 FS FS VS VS 10 FS 0 Cooling: 95 F Heating: 47 F Heating: 17 F 0 Cooling: SEER Cooling: 95 F EER Heating: HSPF FS Fixed Speed System VS Variable Speed System 8

9 SEER and EER Efficiency Ratings How Variable Speed A/C Could Enhance Demand Response Simulated Performance Fixed Speed Variable Speed Results of Load Control at Full Load Conditions: C o m p r e s r C y c l i n g SEER load 75% load Output reduction: 25% Power reduction: ~25% 9

10 SEER and EER Efficiency Ratings How Variable Speed A/C Could Enhance Demand Response Simulated Performance Fixed Speed Variable Speed Results of Load Control at Full Load Conditions: C o m p r e s r C y c l i n g S p e e d R e d u c t i o n SEER load 75% load Output reduction: 25% Power reduction: ~25% 10

11 SEER and EER Efficiency Ratings How Variable Speed A/C Could Enhance Demand Response Simulated Performance Fixed Speed Variable Speed Results of Load Control at Full Load Conditions: C o m p r e s r C y c l i n g S p e e d R e d u c t i o n SEER load 75% load Alternative: Output reduction: 25% 25% ~14% Power reduction: ~25% ~43% 25% 11

12 Exploiting the Benefit of Variable Speed Variable speed saves energy by running as slowly as possible while holding the temperature set point. Most efficient use of heat exchangers Some efficiencies in fans and blowers as well Continuous operation achieves lowest possible speed & kw Unload by imposing a lower kw set point, which reduces speed Avoid on-off operation or cycling compressor Avoid thermostat setback strategies Replacing temperature set point with a kw set point allows indoor temperature to rise gradually Dehumidification and air movement continue 12

13 Broad Spectrum of Systems in Buildings Focus of AHRI, CEE and EPRI collaboration High unit volume Demand response Demand response Low unit volume Single family homes Small commercial Discrete systems Unitary AC & HP Water heaters No building EMS A few kw per bldg. Very high unit volume Direct communication with HVAC & WH utilized Standardized utility programs PUC regulated New a/c capabilities now available!!! Many kw per bldg. Low unit volume DR aggregators Negotiated contracts Controls capabilities readily available 13 Large multistory com l buildings Complex systems Chillers Heat recovery Sophisticated EMS

14 Why a Standard? Ensures consistent DR performance across manufacturers Enables product DR certification programs Independent labs confirm rated performance AHRI penalties for test failures Encourages utilities to migrate toward DR program alignment Alignment would benefit both utilities and manufacturers Expected benefits of AHRI, CEE and EPRI collaboration: Standardized requirements for protocols, signals & equipment performance Coordinated verification of performance vs. separate utilities Integrated (or aligned) EE and DR programs for VSAC Standardized demand-response-ready equipment in stock Could this be a model for collaboration in other industry sectors? 14

15 Steps We re Taking toward a Standard Achieving collaboration among interested stakeholders Manufacturers (with AHRI) Utilities (with CEE, EPRI) Others (ORNL, PNNL, US EPA Energy Star, etc.) Developing a shared vision AHRI Ad hoc Committee White Paper (2013) and Framework Specification (2014) Technical Committee (TC) to develop a Standard Future State Vision and Roadmap (2016) Standard (now in development) It takes time To get the players on board To establish a shared vision across two industries To build consensus: everyone s objectives won t be met We do hope to satisfy most of the objectives most of the time. 15

16 What is ANSI Accreditation? ANSI is the American National Standards Institute AHRI is an ANSI-accredited standards development body Open participation: inclusion of relevant stakeholders Producers Users General Interest Once AHRI Standards are developed AHRI will apply for ANSI approval of the Standard 16

17 Status of Standard Development Published Future State Vision and Roadmap Process Flow Chart Current steps in process: WG1: Reviewed available protocols, identified requirements; recommended Open ADR2.0B CEA2045 WG2: Specifying signals and equipment response; considering configuration signals. Smart Thermostat Committee: Assessing lessons learned from smart thermostat development that could be relevant to us. Technical Committee met Tuesday here to review progress & status Next steps: Complete the Working Group and Committee work Integrate these three efforts; review and refine Convert the work into an actual Standard 17

18 Opportunities for On-going Collaboration Field confirmation of demand response performance Manufacturers & AHRI Utilities & CEE, EPRI, EPA Energy Star, National Labs Objective: establish a common approach, respecting major climate zones Coordination or alignment of DR programs Utilities & CEE Possible future uses of Standard: CEE Specs as bases for EE and DR programs AHRI certification program and directories EPA Energy Star consideration 18

19 Thank you! 19

20 Appendix 20

21 A Growing Crisis: Peak Utility Load Outdoor Ambient Utility Load Source: DOE workshop, Southern California Edison, 4/22/2008 Increasing energy efficiency has offset growth in base utility load even as this region grew significantly, but peak demand continued to grow. Technologies such as variable capacity air-conditioning could be very useful in utility demand-response or price-response programs. 21

22 Up Front Up Unit Front Cost ($) Cost ($) Cost Efficient Technologies Conceptual Cost Relationships Utilities lobby for the high EER that high-efficiency fixed-speed systems provide, but customers wouldn t pay the price premium for them. VSAC will become more cost effective as volume increases, lowering the crossover point with mechanically modulated systems, and providing enhanced DR performance Fixed Speed Mechanically Modulated Variable Speed Not to scale. Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) SEER 22

23 Managing Peaks and Valleys..that are dynamic 23

24 Core Opportunity Variable Speed Air Conditioning Provides Parallel EE and DR (PR) Benefits Saves energy Improves power factor and power quality Could reduce peak demand more effectively Could regulate load through transient conditions First Costs Higher 3 to 5 year simple payback without incentives Issues: How should equipment perform in DR/PR event? How should equipment communicate? Coordinated EE and DR programs needed 24