By Bot Sosani HAPUA Secretarat. Sustainable Energy Training, Bangkok 25 th November 2013

Transcription

1 ASEAN Power Grids Interconnection Projects for Energy Efficiency and Security Supply HAPUA s perspective and analysis on Regional electricity systems and sustainability By Bot Sosani HAPUA Secretarat Sustainable Energy Training, Bangkok 25 th November 2013

2 OUTLINE OF CONTENTS I. BRIEF OF HAPUA MEMBERS COUNTRY II. THE APAEC (ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation ) III. THE APG PROJECTS IV. THE APG BARRIERS V. THE APG WAY FORWARDS VI. THE HAPUA ENERGY MIXED

3 I. BRIEF OF HAPUA MEMBERS COUNTRY CONSISTED OF 10 ASEAN UTILITIES TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 2011 = MW THE POWER CAPACITY PLANT TO DEVELOP UP TO THE YEAR 2030 = MW TOTAL NUMBER CUSTOMERS (2011) = 95.3 MIILION

4 Energy Supply Industry Structure of HAPUA Members Country Country Utility Serves Note Installed Capacity (MW) 1. Brunei Darussalam Departement of Electrical Services (DES) Vertical Integrated Utility (VIU) Cambodia Electricite Du Cambodge (EDC) VIU Indonesia PT PLN (persero) VIU Lao PDR Electricite Du Laos VIU Malaysia Tenaga Berhad SESCO SESB 6. Myanmar Ministry of Electric Power (MEPE) 1 MEPE (2) 7. Philippines National Power Corporation Trans Co VIU Penisular Malaysia VIU Serawak State VIU Sabah Transmission and Distribution Power Generation Power Generation Company Transmission Company Singapore SP Power Grid Gencos, T & D Thailand EGAT MEA & PEA Generation, SO & Transmission Distribution/Retail Supply Vietnam Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) VIU

5 HAPUA Power Plant Development Project Committed in MW ( ) N Gas Geo.Th Renewable Total Brunei ( ) 6 6 Cambodia ( ) Indonesia ( ) : 16 % Geo : 4 % Renewable : % Lao ( ) Malaysia ( ) Myanmar( ) Phillipines ( ) Singapore ( ) Thailand ( ) Vietnam ( ) Total N Gas : 8 % : 57 % 5

6 Electrification Ratio as June 2012 Country Electrification Rate (%) Population without electricity (millions) Total Urban Rural Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam HWG-1 6

7 II. OBJECTIVE OF APAEC PROGRAM NO 1. To facilitate and expedite the implementation of the ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan and to further harmonize technical standards and operating procedures as well as regulatory and policy frameworks among the ASEAN Member States. To support the success of ASEAN Economic Community by 2015, on free of flow and trade of Energy

8 STRATEGIC GOALS OF APG To achieve a long-term security, availability and reliability of energy supply, particularly in electricity through regional energy cooperation in Trans-ASEAN Energy Network To optimize the region s energy resources towards an integrated ASEAN Power Grid system, and To further harmonize all aspect of technical standard and operating procedure as well as regulatory frame works among member country.

9 III. THE APG PROJECTS A. THE BACKGROUND THOUGH (1) The ASEAN region as a whole has abundant energy resources with great diversity. There are large hydropower potentials as well as huge oil, natural gas, and coal resources. This provides vast opportunities to exploit these energy resources collectively within ASEAN thereby reducing the need and independency on imported fuel from other regions. (2) It is expected that interconnection will give rise to the following benefits; Greater economic generation and transmission of electricity Greater reliability and security of electricity supply in member countries Provision of a platform for future energy trade

10 The Fuel Input for Generation Sub-system A Energy Resource Sub-system C Energy Resources, & Fossil Sub-system B Energy Resources Fossil fuel & 10

11 THE DEMAND OF HAPUA SYSTEM IS GROWING ; 7 %/ YEAR MW 275,000 Generation (MW) 112, , , , ,979 Demand (MW) 72,241 97, , , , ,000 Generation Growth 225,000 9,539 MW 200, , , ,000 Generation Demand Generation Growth Generation Growth 4,264 MW Generation Growth 8,154 MW Demand Growth 7,101 MW 100,000 75,000 50, ,135 MW Demand Growth 4,983 MW Demand Growth 6,050 MW Demand Growth 6,657 MW

12 THE FOSSIL FUEL IS MAJOR SHARE GWh 1,450,000 1,250,000 1,050,000 &Pump Diesel Lignite& Gas Heavy Uranium Renew&Others 3% 7% 42% 850,000 43% 41% 650,000 32% 450,000 29% 34% 33% 38% 250,000 53% 44% 50,000 14% 20% 19% 18% 19%

13 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS FROM THE AIMS II STUDY The study confirmed that the power interconnection is economically and technically feasible within the region. AIMS-II identified at least 14 generic interconnection projects which are feasible for the purpose of economic energy exchange and power import/export. The results of AIMS-II also identified significant saving in investment of new power projects and operating costs within member countries. By 2025, there will be up to 19,576 MW of cross-border power purchase and 3,000 MW of energy exchange through the cross border interconnections The integration of ASEAN Network resulted in a net saving of 788 MUSD and a reduction in installed capacity by 2,013 MW

14 ASEAN POWER GRID CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA YUNNAN CAMBODIA 12 P. MALAYSIA BATAM SINGAPORE BRUNEI SARAWAK 6 APG INTERCONNECTION STATUS (Revised by August 2013) 8 INDONESIA 7 15 Earliest COD 1) P.Malaysia - Singapore (New) ) Thailand - P.Malaysia Sadao - Bukit Keteri Existing Khlong Ngae - Gurun Existing Su Ngai Kolok - Rantau Panjang 2015 Khlong Ngae Gurun (2 nd Phase, 300MW) ) Sarawak - P. Malaysia ) P.Malaysia - Sumatra ) Batam - Singapore ) Sarawak - West Kalimantan ) Philippines - Sabah ) Sarawak - Sabah Brunei Sarawak Sabah 2020 Sabah Brunei Not Selected Sarawak Brunei 2012, ) Thailand - Lao PDR Roi Et 2 - Nam Theun 2 Existing Sakon Nakhon 2 Thakhek Then Hinboun (Exp.) Existing Mae Moh 3 - Nan - Hong Sa 2015 Udon Thani 3- Nabong (converted to 500KV) 2018 Ubon Ratchathani 3 Pakse Xe Pian Xe Namnoy 2018 Khon Kaen 4 Loei 2 Xayaburi 2019 Thailand Lao PDR (New) ) Lao PDR - Vietnam ) Thailand - Myanmar ) Vietnam - Cambodia (New) ) Lao PDR - Cambodia ) Thailand - Cambodia (New) ) East Sabah - East Kalimantan ) Singapore Sumatra

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16 APG INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY 1. To realize the APG project AMS need a vast sources of fund, the total cost of the project are : Subsystem Cost Subsystem A: 1, MUSD Subsystem B: 1, MUSD Subsystem C: MUSD Total 3, MUSD 2. The HAPUA committed to accelerate the implementation of ASEAN Power Grid in support of Master plan on ASEAN Connectivity. The goal of HAPUA program is to realize the APG by 2015, by alleviate the barriers in cross border aspect, as such legal, technical standard and financial institution 3. The 30 th AMEM recommendation; noting that private sector involvement would catalyze the implementation of the APG, the Meeting further tasked HAPUA to recommend steps to enhance private sector engagement

17 THE DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS APG Interconnection Type & Size VOLTAGE (KV) Thailand Lao PDR Nong Khai Khoksa-at Thoeng Bo Keo HVAC 600 MW POINT TO POINT DISTANCE ( KM) Thailand Cambodia HVAC 300 MW Peninsular Malaysia - Sumatra HVDC 600 MW Singapore - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 600 MW Singapore Sumatra HVDC 600 MW Singapore Batam HVAC 600 MW Thailand - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 600 MW Sabah Philippines HVDC 500 MW Sarawak West Kalimantan HVAC 200 MW Sarawak - Brunei HVAC 300 MW Sarawak - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 800 MW

18 COST ESTIMATE OF THE PROJECTS Interconnection Type & Size Total investment (MUSD) Thailand Lao PDR HVAC 600 MW 45.1 Thailand Cambodia HVAC 300 MW Peninsular Malaysia - HVDC 600 MW Sumatra Singapore - Peninsular HVDC 600 MW Malaysia Singapore Sumatra HVDC 600 MW Singapore Batam HVAC 600 MW Thailand - Peninsular HVDC 600 MW 63.0 Malaysia Sabah Philippines HVDC 500 MW Sarawak West HVAC 200 MW Kalimantan Sarawak - Brunei HVAC 300 MW 269 Sarawak - Peninsular Malaysia HVDC 800 MW n.a

19 IV. THE APG BARRIERS ON CROSS BORDER ISSUES legal and regulatory framework for bilateral and cross - border power interconnection and trade Technical standards codes or guidelines in the areas of Planning and Design, System Operation and Maintenance Formulation of institutional and contractual arrangements for cross-border electricity trade to include Taxation, Tariff and Third Party Access (Wheeling Charge) Financing Modalities for realizing the APG 19

20 V. THE WAY FORWARD FOR SUCCESS OF APG PROJECTS THE HAPUA COUNCIL RECOMMENDS ; A. THE FINALIZATION OF GUIDELINES AS FOLLOWS: ensuring reliability of operation, performance and safety standards and procedures in generation and transmission of electricity in any future interconnection. model framework for tax, tariffs and customs laws that may be applied to the sale and transmission of electricity between the contracting member countries; investment sources for the bilateral and multilateral interconnection among the ASEAN member countries; effective enforcement of Bilateral and Multilateral interconnection Agreements between the contracting member countries

21 B APG S PRIORITY PROJECTS TO SUPPORT ASEAN ECONOMIC CONNECTIVITY (AEC) 1. Project No.4 Penninsular Malaysia- Sumatra Interconnection (IMT-GT: Indonesia) PLN and TNB has signed the MOU AND HOA, COD Project No 6 West Kalimantan-Sarawak Interconnection (BIMP-EAGA: Indonesia); PLN and SEB has reach the final agreement ; COD 2015

22 C. CONDUCT PRIORITY STUDIES TO ALLEVIATE THE BARRIERS The study on following areas: Country Energy Development by Utilizing the Available Energy Indigenous Resources in The Region, Regulation on Taxation and Tariff System for Cross Border Power Transaction, Regulation on Private Participation in APG Project,

23 VI. PROFILE OF ASEAN FUEL MIX FOR POWER GEN. 6.1 Brunei Brunei Fuel Mix for Power Gen Source: ERIA 100% NG Others Brunei Fuel Mix for Power Gen % NG Others Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: NG is still the dominant fuel in power generation RE Development is ongoing to help diversify fuel mix. 23

24 6.2 Cambodia Cambodia Fuel Mix for Power Gen Cambodia Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 55% 41% 45% 10% Source: ERIA Others 4% Others Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: and RE will play a dominant role in future fuel mix. Large resource potential contributes to improvement in fuel diversification. Share of oil use is smaller although its amount is larger. 24

25 6.3 Indonesia Indonesia Fuel Mix for Power Gen Indonesia Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 12% 3% 26% 35% Others 5% 21% 3% 13% 58% Others Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Encourage increased share of renewable energy by speeding up the completion of geothermal power plants, hydropower optimization and utilization of bio-diesel. Encourage completion of the 10,000 MW Fast Track Program Phase I to increase the percentage of coal in energy mix. Increase the supply of gas for power generation through the construction of Floating Storage Re-gasification. 25

26 6.4 Lao PDR Laos Fuel Mix for Power Gen Laos Fuel Mix for Power Gen % Others 51% 49% Others Source: ERIA Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Large resource potential still plays a major role in its fuel will be used more in the future to match the higher demand 26

27 6.5 Malaysia Malaysia Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 7% 37% 2% Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Prioritise indigenous gas resources for local consumption and build storage for substitute fuels Secure long-term contract with suppliers and from multiple coal supplier countries Develop feasible and viable hydro projects Introduce Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) to support the RE growth in Malaysia Study the possibility of introducing nuclear power Others 49% 4% 6% Source: Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Malaysia Malaysia Fuel Mix for Power Gen % Others 27

28 6.6 Myanmar Myanmar Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 7% 5% 23% Others Myanmar Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 1% 1% 3% Others Source: ERIA Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Significant hydro power will be developed Constant use of fossil fuels, i.e. coal, NG and oil for power gen RE resource potential is large, e.g. biomass 28

29 6.7 Philippines Philippines Fuel Mix for Power Gen Philippines Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 29% 15% 34% 10% RE 10% 25% 14% 7% 44% RE Source: Department of Energy, Philippines Source: ERIA Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Philippines has a long-term Energy Plan to promote sustainable increase of RE capac power generation. Implementation of RE Law FiT Rates, RPS, Net Metering, Renewable Energy Market Formulation of the National Renewable Energy Plan (NREP) Conduct of study on new and emerging technologies, e.g.. 29

30 6.8 Singapore Singapore Fuel Mix for Power Gen Singapore Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 6% 17% Others 79% 21% Others Source: Energy Market Authority, Singapore Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Around 80% of SG s electricity is generated from piped gas. To enhance energy security, SG aims to deliver a SG LNG terminal, which wil allow an access from diverse sources worldwide, to be completed by SG also requires generation licensees to reserve sufficient fuel of at least 90 d for emergency preparedness. Source: ERIA 30

31 6.9 Thailand Thailand Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 1% Thailand Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 18% 1% RE 4% 3% 7% 63% 23% 0% RE Source: Ministry of Energy & EGAT, Thailand Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Diversify types and sources of fuel used for power gen. to reduce risks of supply disruption and price volatility. Encourage power generation from potential RE and, according to the RE Development Plan, it is targeted to produce 5.6 TWh of electricity from RE by Promote the use of clean fuel for power gen., e.g. setting relevant standards and promoting CDM. Promote cooperation with neighboring countries in joint development of power 31

32 6.10 Vietnam Vietnam Fuel Mix for Power Gen Vietnam Fuel Mix for Power Gen % 28% 36% 29% Source: ERIA 39% 3% Others 7% 26% 2% Others Major Development in Fuel Mix Policy: Vietnam is rich in energy resources, namely: reserves about 5.88 bill tons and and Gas reserves about bill cubic meters equivalent, with the gas reserve share of 55-60%. power potential is about 123 bill kwh with a total capacity of 18,000-20,000 MW The building of Power Plants has started and the first unit of 1,000 MW is expected to run by Then, in 2025 additional 8,000 MW NPPs will be in operation contributing to a share of 7 % of total grid installed capacity. The subsequent phase will start in 2030 with another 15,000 MW NPPs, making a total nuclear power share of 10% of total grid installed capacity. 32

33 THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH THANKS TO : HAPUA WG 2 HAPUA