SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD STUDY CASE OF UiTM SHAH ALAM

Transcription

1 STUDY CASE OF UiTM Baki, A., Jaafar, J., Mohd Zaki, Z., Abu Bakar, A.A., Atan, I., Ashaari, Y., Abu Salim, N.H., Shamsuddin, R. and Idris, N.A. ENVIRAB SERVICES FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UiTM Azinoor Azida Abu Bakar 25 APRIL 2013 Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre

2 CONTENTS Flow and Load for sewerage facilities Standards Flow and Load in Malaysia Flow and Load for academic institutions Methods Results Concluding Remarks

3 1. FLOW FOR SEWERAGE FACILITIES Sewerage Facilities, including sewers, pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, are designed according to flowrates (hydraulic loads). Flowrates calculated from Population Equivalent (PE) and per capita flow. Sewage treatment plants process design are based on pollutant loads from the concentration of the pollutants in the raw sewage.

4 2. STANDARDS FLOW AND LOADS MS and Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009 Average Flow per capita = 225 litres / PE / day. Average Dry Weather Flow = Average Flow per capita x PE Peak flow factor is given as: 4.7 x (PE/1000) Peak flow = Average Dry Weather Flow x Peak flow factor

5 Residential Commercial School -Day schools -Fully Residential -Partial Residential Hospitals Type of Premises/Establishments Population Equivalent (PE) Hotels with dining and laundry Factories, excluding process water Market (wet) Market (dry) Petrol kiosks/service Station Bus terminal Taxi Terminal Place of Worship Stadium Swimming pool/sport Complex Public Toilet Airport Laundry Prison Golf PE 5 per house 3 per 100 m 2 gross area 0.2 per student 1 per student 0.2 per non-residential student 1 per residential student 4 per bed 4 per room 0.3 per staff 3 per stall 1 per stall 15 per toilets 4 per bus bay 4 per taxi bay 0.2 per person 0.2 per person 0.5 per person 15 per toilet 0.2 per passenger bay 0.3 per employee 10 per machine 1 per person 20 per hole

6 Loads Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009 Parameters Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) Design Influent Value (mg/l) 250 Suspended Solids (SS) 300 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 500 Total Nitrogen (TN) 50 Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) 30 Total Phosphorus (TP) 10

7 3. FLOW S FOR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The PE estimation used for academic institutions, including schools, colleges and universities: 1 PE per residential students 0.2 PE per non-residential students

8 Objectives The objectives of this study: Compare the Average Flow per capita to the standard of 225 litres/ PE/ day. Compare the actual concentration of pollutants to the standard concentrations.

9 4. METHOD Three sewage treatment plants selected for this study: Chancellery sewage treatment plant Mawar College sewage treatment plant ROTU sewage treatment plant

10 Chancellery STP Chancellery s Sewage Treatment Plant.

11 Chancellery STP

12 Mawar College STP

13 ROTU STP ROTU,UiTM STP

14 ROTU STP

15 PE Surveys to be conducted at college of residents connected to the STP to determine the residential PE. Surveys to be conducted at faculties connected to the STP to determine the non-residential PE.

16 Flows Continuous flows at the inlet of the STP will be recorded using flowmeters. Dry and wet days will be identified using rainfall data.

17 Loads Grab samples to be taken only at the inlets to the STPs. Tests to be conducted according to Standard Method and HACH Method at the Environmental Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering UiTM Shah Alam.

18 Loads No. Parameter Part Standard Method/HACH Method 1. Solids Part 2000 Physical and Aggregate Properties 2. Total Phosphorus (TP) Method 8048 Standard Method 2540 D. Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103 o -105 o C HACH Method Phos Ver 3 (Ascorbic Acid) Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/l) 3. Biochemical Oxygen Part 5000 Aggregate Organic Standard Method Demand (BOD) Constituents 5210 B. 5-Day BOD Test 4. Total Nitrogen (TN) Method HACH Method Persulfate Digestion Method (0.5 to 25.0 mg/l) 5. Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN) Method 8038 HACH Method Nessler Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/l) 6. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Part 5000: Aggregate Organic Constituents Standard Method Part 5220: Reactor Digestion Method

19 5. RESULTS Chancellery STP Design PE = 2500 Connected Properties Actual Population Equivalent, PE Seroja Seroja Seroja Seroja Management 14 Chancellery Building 44.6 Total

20 Chancellery STP - flow

21 Chancellery STP loads PARAMETER ACTUAL VALUES (mg/l) DESIGN VALUES (mg/l) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) Suspended Solid (SS) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Nitrogen (TN) Ammoniacal Nitrogen ( AMN ) Total Phosphorus (TP)

22 Flow per Capita Chancellery STP PE = (only 51% of capacity, design = 2500 PE) Average Flow = m 3 /day (from graph) Flow per capita = m 3 /PE/day (lower, compared to in the standards) Loads All actual concentrations are lower than the standards. SS has highest deviation (only 30% of standards), followed by BOD (37%), TN (45%), TP (47%), AMN (70%) and COD (81%).

23 Mawar College Design PE = 8000 Location Actual Population Equivalent, (PE) Kolej Mawar Kolej Melati Menara Sains & Teknologi 1808 Dataran Cendekia 3 Total actual population equivalent (PE) 8540

24 Mawar STP

25 Mawar STP loads Parameter Actual values (mg/l) Design values (mg/l) (SPAN, 2009) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) Suspended Solids (SS) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Nitrogen (TN) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN) Total Phosphorus (TP)

26 Flow per Capita Mawar STP PE = 8540 (slightly over 0.4%, design = 8500 PE) Average Flow = m 3 /day (from graph) Flow per capita = m 3 /PE/day (lower, compared to in the standards) Loads All actual concentrations are lower than the standards. SS has highest deviation (only 48% of standards), followed by TP (49%), COD (49%), TN (60%), BOD (67%) and AMN (73%).

27 ROTU Design PE = 1500 Connected Properties Actual Population Equivalent, PE Kenanga College Perindu College SUKSIS 5.1 Block Cempaka Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Tower Total

28 ROTU STP

29 ROTU STP loads Parameter Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) Actual Influent Values (mg/l) Design Influent Values (mg/l) Suspended Solids (SS) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Nitrogen (TN) Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) Total Phosphorus (TP)

30 Flow per Capita ROTU STP PE = (223% loaded, design = 1500 PE) Average Flow = m 3 /day (from graph) Flow per capita = m 3 /PE/day (higher, compared to in the standards) Loads All actual concentrations are lower than the standards. COD has highest deviation (only 28% of standards), followed by BOD (36%), TP (50%), SS (51%), TN (61%) and AMN (63%).

31 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS PE survey shows: Chancellery STP only 51% loaded newest STP. Mawar STP has 100.4% loading. ROTU STP operating at 223% loading oldest STP need to be upgraded.

32 Flow per capita F lo w p e r c a p ita (m 3 /P E /d a y ) Flow per capita (m 3 /PE/day) MS Chancellery Mawar ROTU STP Flow per capita: Chancellery & Mawar lower than standards ROTU higher than standards

33 Loads All parameters for all STP lower than standards Lo ad (mg /L) Chancellery Influent Values (mg/l) Mawar Influent Values (mg/l) ROTU Influent Values (mg/l) Design Influent Values (mg/l) 0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) Suspended Solids (SS) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Nitrogen (TN) Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) Total Phosphorus (TP) Parameters

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