Effects of Climate Change on Pasture Production and Forage Quality

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1 University of Kentucky UKnowledge Plnt nd Soil Sciences Presenttions Plnt nd Soil Sciences Effects of Climte Chnge on Psture Production nd Forge Qulity Reecc L. McCulley University of Kentucky, Jim A. Nelson University of Kentucky, A. Elizeth Crlisle University of Kentucky Click here to let us know how ccess to this document enefits you. Follow this nd dditionl works t: Prt of the Ecology nd Evolutionry Biology Commons Repository Cittion McCulley, Reecc L.; Nelson, Jim A.; nd Crlisle, A. Elizeth, "Effects of Climte Chnge on Psture Production nd Forge Qulity" (2013). Plnt nd Soil Sciences Presenttions This Presenttion is rought to you for free nd open ccess y the Plnt nd Soil Sciences t UKnowledge. It hs een ccepted for inclusion in Plnt nd Soil Sciences Presenttions y n uthorized dministrtor of UKnowledge. For more informtion, plese contct UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu.

2 Effects of Climte Chnge on Psture Production nd Forge Qulity Reecc McCulley, Jim Nelson, Elizeth Crlisle Dept. of Plnt & Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky Photo y Dnny Wlls.

3 Climte Chnge

4 The numer of dys per yer with pek temperture over 90ºF is expected to rise significntly, especilly under higher emissions scenrio s shown in the mp ove. From: Kentucky Dept. of Fish nd Wildlife Resources, Action Pln to Respond to Climte Chnge in Kentucky: A Strtegy of Resilience

5 Wht effect will chnging climte hve on forge production? On forge qulity? How will plnt species respond? Photo y Nichols Hill

6 N UK Forge Climte Chnge Study + 3 O C Dy nd Night + 30% Long-term Norml Precipittion P S P4 P S HP4 P S H4 S P C4 Wether Sttion P S P3 S P HP3 S P C3 P S H3 P S HP2 S P H2 P S C2 S P P2 P S HP5 S P S P P C5 S S P1 P S P S H1 P P S HP1 P5 H5 4 Tretments: C- Amient Control Triler H - Elevted Temperture (+3 o C) P - Incresed Precipittion (+30% long-term ppt) HP - Elevted Temp & Incresed Ppt. Dt Logger Control C1

7 Men Annul Air Temperture ( o C) Monthly Men Air Temp +3 o C Wrming Tretment -30% precip vg monthly precip +30% precip Men Monthly Precipittion (mm) -8 Jn Fe Mr Apr My Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 0

8 Plnted with red & white clover, kentucky luegrss, nd tll fescue in Spring Plugged ermud grss in Fll Experiment uilt Winter/Spring Experiment egn My 1, 2009.

9 Dt Collection Species: E+/E- Tll Fescue; Bluegrss; Red/White Clover; Bermudgrss Vegettion treted s hying opertion Species Cover Species Biomss Light Interception Forge Qulity Endophyte Infection Freq. Secondry Compounds Lef Wter Potentil Insect Herivory Mgnporthe grise Dmge Brley Yellow Dwrf Virus Veg Soil 1-m Soil Moist. (cpcitnce) 15-cm Soil Moist. (TDR) Air / Soil Temp. Soil Microil Community Nutrient Storge N-minerliztion Root Ingrowth Trce Gs Flux Litter Decomposition North

10 Immeditely prior to first hrvest erly June 2009

11

12

13

14 Wht effect hve these climte tretments hd on forge production? Totl Aoveground Biomss (g m -2 ) Yerly Aoveground Production (g m -2 ) Aoveground Plnt Biomss (g m -2 ) Yer Cumultive Aoveground Production p= c c Effect p-vlue Tretment Hrvest < Trt x Hrv < Effect p-vlue tretment yer < trt X yer < Control Control + Het Het + Precip Precip + Het + Het+Precip 0 0 Spring Summer Fll Control Spring Summer + Het Fll + Spring Precip Summer + Het Fll + Precip Spring Summer Fll Climte Tretment Hrvest Dte But wht out species composition & forge qulity? Yer c c c c

15 Control C3 Grsses C4 Grsses Legumes Weedy Fors + Het Reltive Aundnce (% Biomss) Precip + Het + Precip

16 Species composition chnge hs uffered the production response to +het conditions. Wht effect does this hve on forge qulity?

17

18 % Cellulose+Hemicellulose+Lignin Neutrl Detergent Fier Effect p-vlue Tretment Hrvest < Trt x Hrv precip > +het Control + Het +Precip + Het + Precip Surprisingly, t the plot-scle, little chnge in forge qulity metrics hve een oserved to dte. % Cellulose + Lignin Acid Detergent Fier Effect p-vlue Tretment Hrvest < Trt x Hrv Acid Detergent Lignin Effect p-vlue Tretment Hrvest < Trt x Hrv % Lignin Mr Jul Nov Mr Jul Nov Mr Jul Nov Hrvest Dte

19 NS c c Effect p-vlue Tretment Hrvest < Trt x Hrv < Control + Het + Precip +Het +Precip Crude Protein (%) c NS NS c c Jun2009 Jul2009 Sep2009 My2010 Jul2010 Oct2010 My2011 Jul2011 Oct2011 Hrvest Dte +Het increses crude protein t times, ut reduces it t others. +Het+Precip often hs lowest crude protein content.

20 0.4 Chnge in Proportion of Infected Tillers Control +Het +Het+PPT +PPT Fungl endophyte infection frequency ppers to e incresing in the +het tretments over time Months Since Strt of Tretments Photo y Nichols Hill

21 Ergovline (mg kg -1 ) c c In ddition, endophyte-infected tll fescue hs higher concentrtions of toxic lkloids under the +Het conditions. 0.0 Ergovlinine (mg kg -1 ) c c 0.0 Totl Ergots (mg kg -1 ) c c Totl Ergots Effect p-vlue trt hrv < trt*hrv Control +Het +Precip +Het +Precip Tretment

22 Conclusions: Pstures in wrmer Kentucky will e more dominted y wrm seson grss species, nd re likely to produce forge similr in quntity nd qulity to tht of tody. However, increses in endophyte occurrence nd ssocited toxic compounds suggests fescue toxicosis will intensify for cttle grzing persisting tll fescue stnds.

23 Acknowledgements: Jim Nelson, Elizeth Crlisle Glde Brosi, Jco Siegrist, Srh Hll, Cody Burton, Lindsy Slughter, Ben Leffew, Jved Iql, & Mrie Bourguignon Rchel, Jrred, Brin, Pyton, Alison, Amel, Alex, Sr, Luke, & Dn Collortors Funding Sources

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