Air Quality issues in Sri Lanka. R.N.R.Jayaratne Assistant Director Air, Noise, Vibration Monitoring Unit CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY

Transcription

1 Air Quality issues in Sri Lanka R.N.R.Jayaratne Assistant Director Air, Noise, Vibration Monitoring Unit CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY

2 Air pollution What is Air Pollution? - Presence of hazardous unwanted trace gases/substances in the atmosphere In general, sources of Air pollution can be categorized as natural or anthropogenic -human- related emissions that degrade the atmosphere.

3 Causes of Air Pollution in Sri Lanka Vehicular Emissions Open Burning of refuse/solid waste; Tires Fossil fuel powered power plants Resuspension of road side dust Industrial emissions Oil Refineries Agricultural activities Waste disposal and effluent treatment Biomass burning Pictures Dr.Ruwan Wijayamuni

4 Criterion Air Pollutants present in Sri Lankan Cities SO 2 Particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5) NOx CO VOC Ozone Etc.Pictures Dr/Ruwan Wijayamuni

5 Air Quality Status in Sri Lankan Cities Monitoring started in 1996 Following Parameters have being monitoring since 1996 Carbon monoxide Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Ozone Particulate Matter (PM 10 )

6 6 Central Environmental Authority

7 7 Central Environmental Authority

8 8 Central Environmental Authority

9 Recent air quality monitoring Recent air quality measurements were done at some of the rural areas as well as urban areas for 24 hour durations and one week durations Kandy,Nugegoda (Urban), (One Week) Meegahajandura at Hambanthota District (Rural) (One week) Kerawalapitiya, Padeniya, Daladagama, Galgamuwa (24 hours)

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11 11 Central Environmental Authority

12 12 Central Environmental Authority

13 Variation of PM10 24 hour average concentrations in Kandy City 2010 (Torrington Park ) Value rejected

14 Table 1.

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17 Central Environmental Authority

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19 Central Environmental Authority

20 Central Environmental Authority

21 Variation of air pollutant concentrations with time and date The statistical parameters calculated with respect to the time and date were presented in graphical form to study the variation patterns during the day and the week. The statistical parameters of air pollutants are represented in these graphs in following format. 75 th Percentile Average 25 th Percentile Central Environmental Authority

22 0.04 Concentration (ppm) Variation of one hour averages of NO 2 concentrations with time at Colombo Fort monitoring station :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 TIME 0.04 Variation of one hour averages of SO 2 concentrations with time at Colombo Fort monitoring station Concentration (ppm) :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 TIME Central Environmental Authority

23 :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Concentration (ppm) Variation of one hour averages of NO 2 concentrations with time at Colombo Meteorological Department monitoring station TIME 0.02 Variation of one hour averages of SO 2 concentrations with time at Colombo Meteorological Department monitoring station Concentration (ppm) :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 TIME Central Environmental Authority

24 Concentration (ppm) Variation of one hour averages of CO concentrations with time at Colombo Meteorological Department monitoring station 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 TIME 0.05 Variation of one hour averages of O 3 concentrations with time at Colombo Meteorological Department monitoring station Concentration (ppm) :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 TIME Central Environmental Authority

25 Variation of air pollutant concentrations with date Concentration (ppm) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Variation of one hour averages of NO 2 concentrations with day at Colombo Fort monitoring station Day Variation of one hour averages of SO 2 concentrations with day at Colombo Fort monitoring station Concentration (ppm) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Day Central Environmental Authority

26 0.02 Concentration (ppm) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Variation of one hour averages of NO 2 concentrations with day at Colombo Meteorological Department monitoring station Day Variation of one hour averages of SO 2 concentrations with day at Colombo Meteorological Department monitoring station Concentration (ppm) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Day Central Environmental Authority

27 Concentration (ppm) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Variation of one hour averages of CO concentrations with day at Colombo Fort monitoring station Day 100 Variation of 24 hour averages of PM 10 concentrations with day at Colombo Fort monitoring station Concentration ( gm-3) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Day Central Environmental Authority

28 SO 2 Emission Industrial Proses 1% Fugitive From Fuel 3% Other Sector 14% SO2 Emission Use of Solvent 0% Waste 0% Agriculture 1% Forest Fire 0% Energy Industry 44% Transport 19% Manufacturing Industry 18% Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Transport Other Sector Fugitive From Fuel Industrial Proses Use of Solvent Agriculture Forest Fire Waste Sector Central Environmental Authority SO 2 Emission (kt/yr)

29 NO X Emission Industrial Proses Fugitive From Fuel 0% NOx Emissions 0% Forest Fire 0% Use of Solvent 0% Agriculture 5% Waste 1% Energy Industry 16% Other Sector 10% Manufacturing Industry 6% Transport 62% Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Transport Other Sector Fugitive From Fuel Industrial Proses Use of Solvent Agriculture Forest Fire Waste Sector Central Environmental Authority NO X Emissions (kt/yr)

30 CO Emission Industrial Proses 0% Fugitive From Fuel 0% Forest Fire Agriculture 0% 5% Use of Solvent 0% CO Emissions Waste 1% Energy Industry 1% Manufacturing Industry 10% Transport 11% Other Sector 72% Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Transport Other Sector Fugitive From Fuel Industrial Proses Use of Solvent Agriculture Forest Fire Waste Sector Central Environmental Authority CO Emissions (kt/y)

31 NMVOCEmission Agriculture 2% Use of Solvent 34% Forest Fire 0% NMVOC Emisions Waste 1% Energy Industry 2% Manufacturing Industry 2% Transport 10% Industrial Proses 2% Fugitive From Fuel 1% Other Sector 46% Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Transport Other Sector Fugitive From Fuel Industrial Proses Use of Solvent Agriculture Forest Fire Waste Sector Central Environmental Authority NMVOC Emissions (kt/y)

32 PM-10 Emission Other Sector Fugitive From Fuel Industrial Proses Use of Solvent 0% Industrial Proses 0% Other Sector 2% Agriculture 0% PM10 Emissions Fugitive From Forest Fire Fuel 0% 0% Waste 1% Ene r gy Industry 0% Manufacturing Industry 0% Transport 97% Use of Solvent Agriculture Forest Fire Waste Sector Central Environmental Authority PM 10 Emissions (kt/y) Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Transport

33 Issues Vehicular Emissions are the major contributor to Urban Air Pollution Increasing Traffic volume Increasing traffic congestion Poor Inspection and Maintenance of vehicle Poor quality of roads are added burden Non availability of comprehensive set of islandwide air quality monitoring Data

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35 One Example Due to three wheelers Current Situation Estimated Estimated HC around 8900 MT/Y Estimated Estimated PM around 259 MT/Y If not control rapid growth of Three Wheelers at year 2020 Estimated Estimated HC around MT/Y Estimated Estimated PM around 3000 MT/Y

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