ECOLOGY PART TWO REVIEW

Transcription

1 Name: KEY Date: NOVEMBER 30, 2016 Hour: ECOLOGY PART TWO REVIEW BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 1.What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of Nitrogen gas? 78% 2. In the process of nitrogen fixation and denitrification Nitrogen is converted from one form to another. What type of organism performs both of these processes? Bacteria 3. Besides making up part of the atmosphere, list and explain any two other specific steps in the Nitrogen Cycle. *Answers may vary Wastes produced by organisms into the soil; Dead & decaying animals; Dissolved into the ocean & bodies of water; Consumers eat the producers 4.What is one major human activity that is putting Nitrogen into the water and creating dead zones? *The use of fertilizers on agricultural fields 5. What is the main difference between the Nitrogen Cycle and the Phosphorus Cycle? *Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere and Phosphorus never enters the atmosphere 6. List and explain two specific steps of the Phosphorus Cycle. *Answers may vary Found in rocks Enters Soils Becomes part of plants Plants are eaten by consumers Enters bodies of water Becomes a part of marine organisms 7.Explain how the process of cellular respiration plays a role in the Carbon Cycle. Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when it is exhaled as a waste of the process. 8.Explain how the process of photosynthesis plays a role in the Carbon Cycle. Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere when it is taken in by producers for the process.

2 9.Besides Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis, list and explain two specific steps of the Carbon Cycle. *Answers may vary Skeletons of Animals Marine organisms Rocks Carbon dioxide gas (in atmosphere, taken in by plants, absorbed by the ocean) Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) Pass through the food web from producers to consumers Organisms die and bacteria break down the bodies Volcanic Activity Clearing & burning of forests HUMAN IMPACTS 1. Define the following terms and phrases: a. Pollution : the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects b. Overpopulation: occurs when a species' population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment c. Overexploitation: harvesting species from the wild at rates faster than natural populations can recover d. Habitat Destruction: process in which natural habitats are unable to support the species present. In this process, the organisms that previously used the site are displaced or destroyed e. Climate Change: a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels f. Invasive Species: Plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native 2. Directions: Place the letter of the term next to the example that it matches. A. OVERPOPULATION D. POLLUTION B. OVEREXPLOITATION E. CLIMATE CHANGE C. INVASIVE SPECIES F. HABITAT DESTRUCTION *The Burmese Python, which is native to Southeast Asia, were held as pets in North America and then were released into the wild. C *Farmers use pesticides on their crops, which can be carried into oceans and other bodies of water with run off from their fields. D

3 *The Midwest United States will likely begin to face hotter summers with longer dry periods and milder and wetter winters. E *The Carolina parakeet was hunted to the point of extinction for food and for it s feathers as a decoration for ladies hats. B *The Earth s current population is approximately 7.3 billion people. It is estimated that the carrying capacity is anywhere from 4 billion to 16 billion. A *The tallgrass prairies of North America has approximately less than 3% of natural habitat remaining that has not be converted to farmland. F 3. Define biodiversity. the degree of variation of life forms within the biosphere 4. Choose one of the following words or phrases: overpopulation, overexploitation, invasive species, habitat destruction, pollution, or climate change. In a paragraph below, define the term that you have chosen, and explain how humans are affecting our environment or species through this specific type of impact that you have chosen. Be sure to include a specific example of how what you have chosen has impacted the environment or a species. *Answers will vary; you will need to look at the definitions above to help you start your response and then refer to your notes that you took with your group on your assigned topic as well as the notes from the other groups researched topics. You will have this EXACT question on your exam. Make sure you PRACTICE your response and answer ALL parts of the question. POPULATION ECOLOGY 1.For the two graphs below, label which is displaying logistic and which is displaying exponential growth. LOGISTIC EXPONENTIAL 2. On the graph that you labeled as logistic growth above, at what number did the population reach carrying capacity? 2000

4 3.What does a carrying capacity for a population indicate? Maximum number of individuals that the area can support due to available resources (habitats, food, nutrients, water, etc.) 4.What type of factors causes a population to have a carrying capacity? Limited food source, limited space, limited water, etc. 5.There are three types of population distribution, uniform, random, and clumped. Label the following images with what type of distribution is being displayed. UNIFORM RANDOM CLUMPED 6. What are the three main factors that affect the growth rate of a population? Births, deaths, migration 7. Why may a species not be able to expand its range? Species may not be adapted to conditions beyond their range 8.In a desert, there are the following densities of these organisms: a. Cacti:.15 Cacti/square meter b. Woodpeckers:.38 Woodpeckers/square meter c. Rattlesnake:.03 Rattlesnakes/square meter Of the organisms listed above, if I chose a random spot in the desert ecosystem, which organism would I most likely be able to find? Woodpeckers Which organism would I be least likely able to find? Rattlesnakes What population would be affected the greatest by a disease? Woodpeckers 9.There are two types of migration that can occur in a population. Describe what type of movement is occurring in each of the following types of migration. a. Immigration: organisms are coming into a population b. Emigration: organisms are leaving (exiting) a population

5 10. For the scenarios described below, state whether the population should grow, decrease, or stay the same. a. The birth rate is quicker than the death rate: Grow b. The death rate is quicker than the birth rate: Decrease c. Immigration occurs more frequently than emigration: Grow d. Emigration occurs more frequently than immigration: Decrease 11. Describe two factors that have lead to the increase in the human population. Advances in medicine and technology, use of agricultural means to produce food (crops or livestock), altering the land to suit human needs/desires