Water management modeling in SWIM: new features and applications

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1 Water management modeling in SWIM: new features and applications 2013 International SWAT Conference Paul Sabatier University 17. July 2013, Toulouse/France H. Koch, S. Liersch, V. Aich, S. Huang, F.F. Hattermann, J. Stagl Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)

2 Overview 1. Description of the module 2. Examples from Africa: Nile, Niger, Limpopo and Thukela, South America: Sao Francisco Europe: Mures (Danube)

3 Reservoirs - Overview

4 Data requirement for SWIM Reservoir module Volume: dead storage, active storage [million m3] Water level: maximum & minimum [m a.s.l.] Water surface: maximum & minimum [km2] Volume - Water level - Surface area - Relationship Hydropower Plant (HPP): Maximum fall height of HPP [m] Base of HPP [m a.s.l.] Capacity of HPP [m3/s]

5 Data requirement for SWIM Reservoir module Volume: dead storage, active storage [million m3] Water level: maximum & minimum [m a.s.l.] Water surface: maximum & minimum [km2] Volume - Water level - Surface area - Relationship Hydropower Plant (HPP): Maximum fall height of HPP [m] Base of HPP [m a.s.l.] Capacity of HPP [m3/s]

6 Reservoir module - Overview Reservoirs (usually maximum water surface area) are implemented as sub-basins in SWIM (all other processes are switched off) During routing procedure Reservoir module is called Management of reservoir according to settings simulated Outflow from reservoir routed to next downstream sub-basin

7 Reservoir module - Overview V d = V d-1 + V infl, d + V prec, d V evap, d V seepg, d V = volume of the reservoir (in million m3) d = current day In million m3/d: V infl, = inflow volume entering the reservoir from upstream sub-basin(s) V prec = volume of precipitation over the reservoir surface area V evap = volume lost by evaporation V seepg = volume lost by seepage If V d > V MAX surplus water is spilled

8 Reservoir module - Overview Reservoir module developed for SWIM (Koch et al. 2013) used to investigate impacts of reservoir management strategies on river discharge and to estimate the generation of hydropower. The module implements three management options: i) variable daily minimum discharge to meet discharge targets, e.g. environmental flow downstream (under consideration of maximum and minimum water levels in the reservoir) ii) daily release based on firm electricity yield by hydropower plant (release to produce the required energy calculated depending on water level) iii) daily release depending on water level (rising/falling release with increased/ lowered water level, depending on the objective of reservoir management). Withdrawals, e.g. for agricultural irrigation, can be included.

9 i) Minimum discharge to meet discharge targets: reservoir Spioenkop (river Thukela) Dead storage Active storage Source: DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY;

10 ii) Firm electricity yield by hydropower plant: reservoir Sélingué (river Niger) Firm electricity yield: 18 MW

11 iii) Release depending on water level: Lake Victoria (river Nile, agreed curve)

12 Water level-outflow-relation (agreed curve) for Lake Victoria = agreed curve

13 Observed inflow, outflow and water level, and simulated outflow and water level for Lake Victoria

14 South America: Sao Francisco Reservoir Itaparica Reservoir Sobradinho Reservoir Tres Marias SIN: Sistema Interligado Nacional (National Transmission Grid) (Figures from Agência Nacional de Águas)

15 South America: Sao Francisco: Test of Reservoir- Module for Tres Marias (mean values ) Source observation: Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (

16 South America: Sao Francisco: Test of Reservoir- Module for Itaparica (mean values ) Source observation: Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (

17 Upper Niger basin: Sélingué reservoir under recent (2010) and climate scenario (2050) conditions

18 Limpopo basin: Loskop reservoir (Olifants River) 150 Q [m3/s] HPP [MW] 4 Discharge [m3/s] Electricity HPP [MW] Date Reservoir release for irrigation schemes downstream of dam: Water could be used to produce electricity Maximum fall height: 50 m Maximum capacity: 10 m 3 /s Maximum production: 3.85 MW

19 New feature: Flood Protection V d = V d-1 + V infl, d + V prec, d V evap, d V seepg, d If V d > V MAX surplus water is spilled Reservoir module hitherto: V MAX = AS Reservoir module extended for flood protection: If V outfl, d > V outfl, MAX V outfl, d = V outfl, MAX V MAX = AS + FPSC

20 Reservoir Zetea - Mures river (Danube Basin) DS= 2.1 million m 3 ; AC= 14.4 million m 3 ; FPSC=18.4 million m 3 ; V outfl, MAX = 50.0m 3 /s

21 Reservoir Zetea, AC changed from 14.4 to 17.9 million m 3 (FPS reduced from 18.4 to 14.9 million m 3 ) Minimum discharge not kept

22 Reservoir Zetea, AC changed from 14.4 to 17.9 million m 3 (FPS reduced from 18.4 to 14.9 million m 3 ) Minimum discharge not kept

23 Reservoir Zetea, AC changed from 14.4 to 17.9 million m 3 (FPS reduced from 18.4 to 14.9 million m 3 )

24 Summary/Outlook - Reservoir module developed for SWIM can be applied to a wide range of management alternatives - Data required for Reservoir module are available in most cases - Ambiguous data labeling (Capacity of reservoir?) complicate simulations - A useful application of the Reservoir module requires reliable inflow time series (calibration of SWIM!!!) - Short-term changes of reservoir management (adaptation to current requirements, e.g. generation of electricity, deviation from rule curves etc.) are not simulated - Future development: simulation of joined management of reservoirs

25 THANK YOU! Koch, H., Liersch, S., Hattermann, F.F. (2013): Integrating water resources management in eco-hydrological modelling. Water Science & Technology 67(7):

26 South America: Sao Francisco: Test of Reservoir- Module for Sobradinho (mean values )

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