European Union: European Regional Development Fund INTERREG efface les frontières. 27 mars 2009

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1 The GeDSeT project: constitution of a decision support tool (DST) for the management and material recovery of waterways sediments in Belgium and Northern France 27 mars 2009 European Union: European Regional Development Fund INTERREG efface les frontières

2 Bruno Lemière, Pascale Michel, BRGM, France Nor-Edine Abriak, Claire Alary, Agnès Laboudigue, EMDouai & Lille University Laurence Haouche, ISSeP, Belgique Philippe Descamps, Jérôme Meerseman, Christian Lucion, CTP, Belgique Rabia Badreddine, Benoît Hazebrouck, INERIS, France European Union European Regional Development Fund INTERREG efface les frontières 27 mars 2009

3 Summary 1. Objectives, context, project structure 2. An example of a dedicated what-if DST : AWAST 3. Previous experience in DSTs on sediment management 4. Methodology 5. Results and discussion June 3rd, 2009 > 3

4 Objectives > Waterways sediments: an European sustainability issue linking regional fluvial transport development 680 km of waterways in the French region Nord Pas de Calais 460 km of waterways in the Belgian region Wallonie June 3rd, 2009 > 4

5 Objectives > Waterways sediments: an European sustainability issue linking regional fluvial transport development and secondary mineral resources development, to reduce extraction pressure photo AKW photo SludgesandSediments.com June 3rd, 2009 > 5

6 Objectives > GeDSeT is a contribution to a sustainable management of waterways sediments, in order to develop good practice in a perspective of water resource protection and of the development of regional fluvial transport > Main issues: waterways navigability, flood control, environmental impacts on surface and groundwater, land occupation and impact of disposal sites, etc > Simulate the consequences and mid-term costs of various sediment management options, in order to: contribute to rank action priorities for waterways, provide elements for discussions and debates around sediments management, between stakeholders June 3rd, 2009 > 6

7 Context > GeDSeT is an European InterReg IV project ( ). This implies to mutualise: national experience and know-how from Belgium and France, capitalised R&D efforts to, knowledge of environmental impacts in relation with national regulations, efforts to turn bulky waste into alternative resources for the construction sector. > and to focus on: a common approach towards sustainability objectives mainly water transport promotion, and secondary mineral resources reuse, promote shared applications of research results, with benefits on both sides of the border. June 3rd, 2009 > 7

8 Project structure > 1 - Constitution of the DST (or DSS): consolidation of a knowledge base, definition of a flowchart, identification of scenarios, test and fine tuning of the model on known scenarios, simulation on predictive scenarios. > 2 - Focussed research on 5 themes: characterisation of sediments and waterways deposits, pollutant release behaviour of in situ sediments, pollutant behaviour of dredged sediments stockpiles, contaminated sediment treatment technologies, phytostabilisation of pollutants. > 3 - Dissemination and stakeholder involvement: Development of a dedicated R&D network June 3rd, 2009 > 8

9 Objectives of a DST > Why a DST? To help to identify possible treatment methods and economically viable valorisation schemes To estimate the consequences of management options in terms of : costs (direct and indirect) environmental impacts social acceptance and economic development potential Sediments CHOICE? leaving as is in situ and monitoring? Env. impacts?? in situ treatment?? dredging and storage, remediation of polluted batches?? Env. impacts? Env. impacts? June 3rd, 2009 > 9

10 Knowledge management options > Simulation of management scenarios: From the starting point: in situ sediments To the target point: valorised minerals, if possible > «What if?» and «weighted decision tree» tools a philosophical choice, or serving better different purposes? > «Weighted decision tree» tools dedicated management assistants, leading to the best available option through criteria weighting > «What if?» tools June 3rd, 2009 > 10

11 Knowledge management options > «What if?» tools a common simulation approach for stakeholders and operators, testing the outcome of discussed scenarios finding new and globally more sustainable scenarios > «What if?» = what happens on choosing one given management scenario? Simulation results : several information types (costs, emissions ) Best option selection process? by user s judgment on the basis of a comparison of the information provided by the tool for each scenario No recommendation of one unique solution ranking scenarios and solutions along environmental impacts, costs, etc. June 3rd, 2009 > 11

12 Software environment options > Preeminence of system analysis over software choice: the importance of investigation Simulation approach GIS database approach > Dedicated DST or simulation software USIMPAC (BRGM software: Process simulators generator) Originally developed for the needs of the mineral industry Currently used for the assessment of waste management strategies: AWAST Mathematical modelling software Open source code development June 3rd, 2009 > 12

13 2. An example of a dedicated DST : AWAST, for the simulation of municipal waste community options and investment June 3rd, 2009 > 13

14 AWAST, an example of «what if» tool... and some similar features with sediments > Management of MSWs and similar waste : Highly complex policy decisions with issues related with many aspects: major technology options, energy saving and recovery, investment and operation costs, social and environmental impacts Methodologies and tools were required in order to: Define... Evaluate..... waste management schemes Optimise or adapt... => AWAST was an EU FP5 project ( ) June 3rd, 2009 > 14

15 The AWAST tool > AWAST: scenarios development led to a DST validation through simulation of known scenarios simulation of the various issues of new scenarios developed with partner cities and stakeholders > Construction of the DST: adapted from a BRGM process simulation software (USIM PAC) elaboration of specific models (MSW collection, incineration, sorting, recycling, controlled landfilling ) based on process analysis logics, allowing an optimised representation of the actual operation of waste processing equipments, adapted to available data (state of the art or local) June 3rd, 2009 > 15

16 How the AWAST tool was used and its similarities with the sediment issue > Comparative measurement of the key impacts de various scenarios using indicators: Matter use (valorisation ratios ) Energy balance (energy requirements and production) Cost aspects (investment and daily operation) Environmental impacts (GHG emissions, acidification ) Social aspects: created jobs > Strong points: Bring quantitative elements for public debate Ensure technological neutrality in the decision process June 3rd, 2009 > 16

17 How the AWAST tool is used now and similarities with the sediment issue SYCTOM Paris (MSW processing organisation) The IVRY plant: tonnes (+ 1,4 million inhabitants) End of life scheduled => Which future? Various scenarios for the improvement of MSW global management Type of processing technology Location of processing facilities Processing capability June 3rd, 2009 > 17

18 Simplified operational material flow summary for MSW processing at SYCTOM (2003) Export Bulky waste Metals Civic amenity sites Glass 3.5% Recycling Import COLLECTION Garden waste Civic amenity sites Municipalities Multi materials 0.1% Composting 3.8% 0% Sorting plant Refuse Paper&cardboard Tetrapack Metals Glass Plast. Residual MSW 90.2% Incineration Metals Maturation Bottom ashes Filter cake Civic amenity sites -Others 2.4% Landfill June 3rd, 2009 > 18

19 Scenarios comparison and indicators Performance indicators Impact indicators Taux de recyclage global Recycling rate Production d énergie totale 100% Total energy production 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Taux de valorisation globale Valorisation rate Dioxines Furanes Heavy metals Dioxines & Furanes Métaux lourds Déchets résiduels Cl I Residual waste (class I) Road Km transport sur transport route 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% GHG Effet de serre Déchets résiduels Cl II Acidification Acidifi- de l air cation Residual waste (class II) June 3rd, 2009 > 19

20 3. Previous experience in DSTs on sediment management June 3rd, 2009 > 20

21 Previous experience in DSTs on sediment management An experience mainly gathered on harbour dredging sediments: on dredging techniques, on the possible valorisation of the dredged material, on the hazardousness of their disposal => June 3rd, 2009 > 21

22 Previous experience in DSTs on sediment management An experience mainly gathered on harbour dredging sediments Significant differences between these DSTs and AWAST: sediments databases are fully documented rather than evolutive, scoring criteria allowed to rank all options under a single algorithm This allows to reach a single solution from a large set of data and criteria, with adjustable parameters through ranking scores. Such tools are particularly adequate to identify a management option, or to evaluate the relevance of a pre-defined option. Photos Great Lakes Commission June 3rd, 2009 > 22

23 4. Methodology for the elaboration of the decision support tool June 3rd, 2009 > 23

24 Main components of a DST 3 elements : + a graphical representation of the studied system the flowchart + input data (the knowledge base) characteristics of the sediment deposit: volume, composition, pollution characteristics of the market : needs in secondary materials (backfill, cover, building material components + mathematical parametric models simulating various options for treatment and valorisation dredging, transportation, deposits, treatment technologies June 3rd, 2009 > 24

25 Methodology for the GeDSeT tool 1. Theoretical conception 2. Development of a dedicated tool from a suitable specific software base 3. Use of the simulator : tests and case studies, with the involved parties June 3rd, 2009 > 25

26 Theoretical conception (1) > System and issue analysis > Definition of system boundaries (in space and time) > Compilation of a list of relevant evaluation criteria for technical options (results indicators) In collaboration with project partners and stakeholders Interviews of the main actors of sediments management: waterways operators, sector companies, regional and local communities, administrations, agencies... objective of interviews : taking into account the preoccupations and constraints of all actors on each aspect of the sediments issue June 3rd, 2009 > 26

27 Theoretical conception (2) > Data collection Data required for the estimation of indicator values Databases from operators, but also GIS-based decision support systems from communities and administrations (land use, transportation, mineral resources) > Preliminary and in depth thinking on processes and how to model them individually Decomposition of the system into elementary models, linked by quantifiable relations June 3rd, 2009 > 27

28 Collaborative Process Theoretically In concertation with all actors with project partners and stakeholders Required data collection Definition of the objectives of simulation (indicators list) Data availability? Feasibility? Tool Conception Tool testing and use Results Indicators for each studied scenario June 3rd, 2009 > 28

29 Collaborative Process Practically In concertation with all actors with project partners and stakeholders Required data collection Definition of the objectives of simulation (indicators list) Data availability? Feasibility? Tool Conception Tool testing and use N times!!!! Results Indicators for each studied scenario June 3rd, 2009 > 29

30 Schedule and deadlines Now > Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Theoretical conception Software adaptation => dedicated tool Tool testing & use: Scenarios simulation - preliminary tests Tool testing & use: Scenarios simulation indepth tests Definition of results indicators Literature and public data collection Operational and sector data collection Deadline Deadline June 3rd, 2009 > 30

31 5. Results and discussion June 3rd, 2009 > 31

32 System and issue analysis > Simulate the consequences and mid term costs of various options for sediments management: leaving as is in situ and monitoring, in situ remediation or confinement, dredging and storage (temporary or final), remediation of polluted batches, valorisation of uncontaminated or remediated batches > Data required: volume and characteristics of in-situ sediments (to be dredged or not), physical characteristics (grain size, mineral composition) pollution level and distribution (organic, inorganic) available management or treatment options national and regulatory specificities (Belgian and French) June 3rd, 2009 > 32

33 Sediments management scheme (1st Draft) June 3rd, 2009 > 33

34 Relevant evaluation criteria for technical options? (results indicators - provisional list...) > Environmental impacts (both positive and negative) during and after works on waterways: Emissions and residuals, Primary resources saved and land use aspects > Sanitary aspects? > Costs? Cost of works on waterways and disposal sites (investment) Cost of follow-up actions (navigability, monitoring,...) Global investment requirements > Social and employment consequences acceptability? development of new industrial sectors on works and on secondary material valorisation > Land occupation > Implementation time requirements and delays > Sustainability analysis of new options > Reliability and safety analyses > Other qualitative or quantitative criteria? June 3rd, 2009 > 34

35 Thank you for your attention June 3rd, 2009 > 35

hal , version 1-26 Apr 2012

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