Energy Storage Technologies in Germany. Urban Windelen, BVES German Energy Storage Association Tunis, 24. Nov. 2015

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1 Energy Storage Technologies in Germany Urban Windelen, BVES German Energy Storage Association Tunis, 24. Nov. 2015

2 The German Energy Storage Association (BVES) The BVES is the industrial association of German energy storage companies that is open to all technologies in the areas of electricity, heat and mobility. We are a dialogue partner for politics, administration, science and publicity. With targeted lobbying at the interfaces of political decision making we are trying to improve the German regulation and policy framework. In addition, the BVES monitors research and development activities and informs members of new results and developments. BVES e.v. ES Technologies in Germany Seite 2

3 Global development of Energy Storage Solutions International Network: BVES e.v. ES Technologies in Germany Seite 3

4 German Energiewende Energiewende means a radical change in German energy politics. German government sets ambitous targets BVES e.v. ES Technologies in Germany Seite 4

5 German Energiewende 80% of Germans supporting Energiewende. But we face a growing opposition against massive extension of renewables and especially against massive grid extension. Energiewende yes, but not in my backyard Energiewende behind the plan. Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 5

6 German Energiewende Milestone of more than 30% of energy demand by renewable energy sources. Some regions up to 80% and even %. Grid cannot cope with such high percentage and the fluctuating feed-in of renewable energies. Solution is energy storage as a flexible and effective way for different issues. Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 6

7 Energy Storage as the ideal tool for integration of RES and for efficiency Back up energy Increase of efficiency Off grid supply Peak shaving Own consumption Frequency regulation Voltage stability Load distribution Positive/negative balancing power Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 7

8 What is Energy Storage? Energy storage retains energy and releases it when needed. The storage process has in principle three steps: charging, storage, releasing. Once the stored energy is released, it can be charged again and the process can now repeat. The type of energy, that is stored (electricity, heat, cold, mechanical energy and chemical energy) is also normally the released type of energy. But stored energy can be converted into another type of energy (i.e. hydro pump) and then converted back into the original form once released. Next possibility is for the converted energy to be released as such (power to gas, power to heat). Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 8

9 Storage of electricity Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 9

10 Thermal energy storage Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 10

11 Chemical energy storage Production of hydrogen and storing of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the energy-richest power fuel (in relation to its inertia) Lossless long-time storage Production of electricity with fuel cell / H 2 -turbine Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 11

12 Application chart Storage technology Lithium Ion (Li Ion) Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery Lead Acid battery Redox/Flow battery Compressed air energy storage (CAES) Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) Storage Mechanism Electrochemical Electrochemical Electrochemical Electrochemical Power Capacity Storage Period Density Efficiency Lifetime Cost MW MWh time kwh/ton kwh/m 3 % # cycles $/kw $/kwh < 1,7 < 22 day - month ,89-0, day ,75-0, < 30 day - month ,65-0,85 < 7 < 10 day - month ,72-0,85 Mechanical day - Mechanical day - month 0,27 at 100m 2-7 at bar 0,27 at 100m 0,4-0,75 0,63-0, /kwhdelivere d ,1-18 Hydrogen Chemical varies varies indefinite ,7-160 at bar 0,22-0, Methane Chemical varies varies indefinite at 1 bar 0,24-0, Sensible storage - Water Thermal < 10 < 100 hour - year < 60 0,5-0,9 ~5000-0,1-13 0,01 Phase change materials (PCM) Thermal < 10 < 10 hour - week < 120 0,75-0,9 ~ ,3-6 Thermochemical storage (TCS) Thermal < 1 < 10 hour - week ,8-1 ~ Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 12

13 Differentiation Power Storage Energy Storage High power within short time Li-Ionen batteries Constant supply of electricity Redox-Flow batteries Source: ZAE Bayern Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 13

14 Comparison battery technologies Li- Ionen batteries Lead batteries Vanadium-Redox-Flow batteries Efficiency % % % Cycle life up to cycles (15.000) cycles cycles Discharging seconds - hours seconds - hours minutes - days Total life 20 years 3-6 years years Power 1 kw MW 1 kw - 50 MW 10 kw MW Costs ab 400 / kwh + control system ab 200 / kwh + control system ab 850 / kwh + maintenance contracts Installation often, global very often, global global Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 14

15 Installed PV-Capacity in 2000: GWp Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 15

16 Installed PV-Capacity in 2005: 2 GWp Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 16

17 Installed PV-Capacity in 2010: 17 GWp Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 17

18 Installed PV-Capacity in 2014: 38 GWp Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 18

19 Residential storage: Own-consumption through batteries Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 19

20 Residential storage: Market potential PV-Systems Battery-Systems Decreasing FIT Battery storage systems hardly pay off today Customer s business case get s better every day Enormous retrofit potential Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 20

21 Residential storage: Not only batteries Electricity becomes green Source: Glen Dimplex Strong improvement of the environmental performance of electrical heating / cooling systems due to rising RES! Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 21

22 Residential storage: Not only batteries Heat Pump The opposite refrigerator Moving thermal energy opposite to the direction of spontaneous heat flow Purpose: heating and hot water preparation Thermal Storage Heating Electrically operated heating in combination with thermal energy storage Taking advantage of different price levels, charging the storage at low-load periods Faster than heat pump Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 22

23 Not only batteries CROSS SECTORAL INTEGRATION TARGET Personal consumption from 30% to 80% intelligent energy management Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 23

24 Residential storage: New trend in storage Utilities offer storage systems, storage devices get interconnected, rental and leasing models are developing Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 24

25 Residential storage: New trend in storage Battery swarms are developing, based on established markets for balancing power. Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 25

26 Large scale: Balancing the grid Three types of control power: - Primery Reserve - Secondary Reserve - Tertiary Reserve Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 26

27 Balancing the grid: Amount of required Primary Control Power: Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 27

28 Balancing the grid: Primary Reserve Power price development Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 28

29 Large scale: New trend in storage Combination of batteries for Primary Reserve with district storage as a buffer for PV and wind generators Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 29

30 Large scale: New trend in storage New technologies are arriving Power to Gas Vanadium redox flow Fly Wheel Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 30

31 Large scale: New trend in storage Combination of storage technologies, combination of sectors Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 31

32 Application example Sun- and Milk-farmer: PV-system and CellCubeFB (Redox flow) on a farm Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 32 Quelle: Gildemeister

33 Application example Sun- and Pig-farmer Feed in and dynamic adjustment of two sytems in a micro grid. PV-system: 30 kwp + 81 kwp Battery: 17 kw, 58 kwh Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 33

34 Application example Pig-farmer Off-grid system. PV and battery (36 kw, 58 kwh) With excess of electricity: heating of 800 l water Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 34

35 Conclusions residential Home Storage Sector fast growing business Future: new business models in smart combination of components Safety guidelines!! Big part of Energiewende in the heating market Huge, existing storage capacity of heat pumps and thermal storage heating Prolongation of KFW funding as a signal that the government fosters the technology No call for further subsidies Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 35

36 Conclusions large Scale Primary reserve interesting market (especially for batteries) New and storage-friendly regulation hardly settled New products and business models ( Super Primary Reserve Power ) and mixed business models sighted Fast growing interest in thermal Storage technologies New technologies on a great leap forward into the market Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 36

37 finally Government fosters flexibility of the energy system Upcoming energy law supports the different flexibility-options and requires an equal market for all technologies For a real level playing field there are still a few issues to solve we are working on that. Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 37

38 Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 38

39 Thank You! BVES Bundesverband Energiespeicher e.v. German Energy Storage Association Oranienburger Str. 15, Berlin Absender Titel TT.MM.JJJJ Seite 39

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