Energy efficiency of a solar domestic hot water system
|
|
- Allen Stokes
- 1 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Energy efficiency of a solar domestic hot water system Miroslaw Zukowski 1,* 1 Bialystok University of Technology, Department of HVAC Engineering, ul. Wiejska 45E, Bialystok, Poland Abstract. The solar domestic hot water (S) system located on the campus of Bialystok University of Technology is the object of the research described in the current paper. The solar thermal system is composed of 35 flat plate collectors, 21 evacuated tube collectors and eight hot water tanks with the capacity of 1 m 3 of each. Solar facility is equipped with hardware for automatic data collection. Additionally, the weather station located on the roof of the building provides measurements of basic parameters of ambient air and solar radiation. The main objective of Regional Operational Program was the assessment of the effectiveness of this solar energy technology in the climatic conditions of the north-eastern Poland. Energy efficiency of S system was defined in this research as the ratio between the useful heat energy supplied to the domestic hot water system and solar energy incident on the surface of solar panels. Heat loss from water storage tanks, and from the pipe network to the surrounding air, as well as the electrical energy consumed by the pumps have been included in the calculations. The paper presents the detailed results and conclusions obtained from this energy analysis. 1 Introduction Economic assessment of energy-conversion systems is quite complex. The long-term energy efficiency is the key factor of this analysis. Experimental studies carried out on the existing and operating facilities will allow to develop the energy balance of the whole solar system in a very accurate way. Unfortunately, this procedure is quite expensive. As it turned out, the additional cost of the monitoring and automatic data collection (ADC) of operating parameters of the solar domestic hot water (S) system tested by the author, was equal about 2/3 of the cost of materials and installation of the solar system. For this reason, experimental studies to evaluate the energy efficiency of medium and large solar installations are not often performed. A large number of actual data from field-testing and monitoring of domestic solar hot water systems in China have been analysed by Yao et al. [1]. They discovered that there are many problems resulting from the relatively large amount of measurement error and use of different methodologies for assessing and monitoring. The authors proposed the methods and indicators for precise estimation of solar hot water systems. * Corresponding author: The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (
2 The results of evaluation of water heating system supported by 640 m 2 of solar collectors installed on high-rise housing complex in South Korea have been presented by Yoo in [2]. Unfortunately, as it turned out, the total energy gains from three years of S operation is lower by a half of the design assumptions. A wide gap between theory and practice can be observed in this case. Analysis of measurement results have shown that the collector efficiency ranges from 42% in August to 53% in April. Unfortunately, the author has not performed an assessment of the energy efficiency of this large solar facility. A solar domestic hot water system installed on a one-family house in Dublin (Ireland) has been tested by Gill et al. [3]. Based on the analysis of the annual results of experimental research the overall efficiency of the solar system has been estimated at about 63%. It should be noted that the key components of heat loss have been taken into account by the authors of this study. Several studies have investigated the energy and economic efficiency of the whole S system using some simplifications. For example, solar collectors are treated as the only part of the installation that generates heat loss. Some selected studies of this kind are presented below. Stevanovic and Pucar [4] have estimated the performance of solar water heating system with the f-chart method. The results of theoretical analysis have been used to determine the level of the subsidy should be offered by the Serbian government to increase the popularity of renewable energy sources (RES) in this country. The energetic, economic and environmental impacts of different types of water heating systems for the USA typical residential buildings located in Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Chicago have been investigated by Hang et al. [5]. Unfortunately, the performance of solar water heating systems has been determined only based on the thermal characteristics of the flat-plate (efficiency 55%), and evacuated-tube (efficiency 59%) solar collectors provided by the manufacturer. Lin et al. [6] have developed a procedure for estimating the payback period of residential S system. Daily solar radiation and hot water consumption pattern per person have been taken into account in the calculation of annual energy gains for case study in southern Taiwan. The analysis has assumed that the thermal efficiency of the collectors (do not exceeding 40%) is equivalent to the performance of the whole system. Fifteen different energy supply systems for single family houses in the northern European climate conditions have been analysed by Dziugaite-Tumeniene et al. [7]. The theoretical analysis made by the authors has been based on the integrated assessment model of an energy supply system for an energy-efficient building (ESSINTEGRA). Using this method has allowed to obtain energy efficiency (equal to 31%) of the system consisting of the wood boiler and solar collectors. Based on the literature review, it can be concluded that there are not much information on the research projects related to the experimental evaluation of the energy efficiency of medium solar systems used for domestic water heating. Thus, the author hopes that this paper will contribute to increase the knowledge on this important issue and provide the necessary data to design and economic analysis of S systems. 2 Description of the research object Regional Operational Program of Podlaskie Voivodeship on the practical application of renewable energy technologies were being implemented at the Bialystok University of Technology (BUT) in the years One of the practical results of this project was installation of the solar domestic hot water system (S). Solar facility is located on the roof of the Hotel for Research Assistants on BUT campus in Bialystok (Fig. 1). The solar thermal system is composed of two parallel-connected subsystems: the first includes of 2
3 35 flat plate collectors (FPCs), connected in series of 5 units in one section, with a total area A FPC of about 72 m 2 (65.5 m 2 aperture area), and the second consists 21 evacuated tube collectors (ETCs), connected in series of 3 units in one section, with a total area A ETC of more than 74 m 2 (67m 2 active area). Eight tanks with the total capacity of about 8 m 3 are used to store the hot water heated by the solar thermal panels. Fig. 1. Flat plate solar collectors connected in series of 5 units in one section (left side of the fig.), and evacuated tube solar collectors connected in series of 3 units in one section (right side of the fig.). Solar facility is equipped with hardware for automatic data collection. The following elements are included in the data capture system: 17 heat meters, 4 electricity meters used for recording electric energy consumption of pumps, and 42 PT 500 platinum resistance temperature sensors for monitoring of the temperature distribution in the whole system. Additionally, the weather station located on the roof of the hotel provides measurements of the basic parameters of ambient air and solar radiation. All the data collected by the ADC system are readily available via the Internet. The simplified scheme of the hydraulic circuits of the solar system are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Simplified diagram of the S system with the location of measuring instruments and sensors. 3
4 3 Energy efficiency of a solar domestic hot water system The main objective of the previously mentioned Regional Operational Program was the assessment of the effectiveness of solar water heating technology in the climatic conditions of the north-eastern Poland. Energy efficiency of S system SYS has been defined in this research based on Eq. (1) as the difference between the useful heat energy supplied to the tap water system in the hotel E and electrical energy consumed by the pumps E P divided by solar energy incident on the solar panels E SOL. As mentioned earlier, ultrasonic heat meters have been utilised to obtain the value of thermal energy in 17 points at the system. Relative measurement error of these devices is small, and according to the manufacturer's information, is only 2%. The data recorded by heat meters have been used to prepare the energy balance. The study covered the period from 1 May 2015 to 30 November E nm m 1 E EP SYS 100 (1) E SOL T T c T T nd c (2) p FPC CW p ETC CW E SOL nm q nd SOL A FPC A ETC (3) where: nm number of months, m mass flow rate [kg/s], nd number of days in a month, c p heat capacity of water [J/kg/K], T FPC temperature of the water flowing from the tanks supplied by FPCs [K], T CW temperature of the cold water [K], T ETC temperature of the water flowing from the tanks supplied by ETCs [K], q SOL solar radiation flux that is incident on the collector surface [W/m 2 ]. The weather station is located very close to the collectors and total solar radiation sensor is set at the same angle as the panels i.e. 40. The sampling frequency of the weather parameters is equal to 5 seconds, and other parameters of the system are collected in oneminute time steps. Therefore, it was necessary to average all the results of measurement on a one hour interval. Then, the results have been summed to provide energy gain, energy consumption in the case of pump operation, and hot water consumption within one month period. Solar radiation energy E SOL that is incident on the two sets of solar collector surfaces of the total area m 2 has been calculated using Eq. (3). The total amount of E SOL from 1 May 2015 to 30 November 2016 was equal GJ. Next, the amount of useful energy gain coming from both arrays of the solar collectors E SC has been determined based on the data recorded by heat meters placed in the substation on the roof. During the reporting period of 19 months the solar collectors provided GJ of thermal energy, of which GJ has been produced by flat plate collectors, and GJ by evacuated tube collectors. The bar chart in Fig. 3 shows that the ETCs (much more technologically advanced) have been characterized by higher power only in the cold season from October to March. Unfortunately, at this period of the year duration and intensity of solar radiation is very low. Heat losses to the environment from flat plate collectors are usually higher compared to from evacuated tubes. However, the overall balance has shown that FPCs produced 5% more energy during the whole analysed time period. Part of this energy has been lost. The vast majority of sources of energy loss are outlined on the block diagram shown in Fig. 4. 4
5 E SC [GJ] FPC ETC Fig. 3. Solar energy converted into thermal energy by solar panels. Fig. 4. Energy balance of the S system. The closed loop solar system under the analysis is divided into primary and secondary circuits, that are separated by heat exchangers. Hence, such a system must be fitted with four pumps, two for each of the collector arrays. All pumps consumed 8.69 GJ of electricity E P in the period under consideration. This value has reduced energy gain from the solar system. The pumps located in the ETCs closed loop system consumed about 5.5% more of electric energy compared to FPCs system. As can be observed in Fig. 5, this trend intensified during the winter. 5
6 E P [GJ] FPC pumps ETC pumps 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 Fig. 5. Consumption of electric energy by the pumps by months. The useful heat energy supplied to the domestic water system E has been calculated separately for each type of solar panel sub-systems based on Eq. (2) and was equal GJ. Then, seasonal energy efficiency of the whole S system has been estimated using the relation given in Eq. (1). Fig. 6 shows the SYS taken separately for each month during the entire study period. As can be observed, in the warmer months from April to August, the efficiency was the highest and most often exceeded 35%. In the winter SYS was significantly decreasing and even it dropped up to 10% in January SYS [%] Fig. 6. Energy efficiency of the S system by months. Eight hot water storage tanks, the hot water pipelines connecting substation on the roof with the second substation in the basement (average length of each of the four DN40 pipes is 86 m), flow control fittings and shut-off valves turned out to be the major sources of energy loss E LOSS. Detailed analysis of the different sources of heat loss was not the main 6
7 subject of this study. They have been taken as a total. The value of E LOSS was equal GJ and has been obtained as the difference between E SC and E. This was only 13.4% of energy gain coming from the solar collectors. The parameter which indicates what part of energy is provided by the solar system and what must be supplied by an additional power source is a solar fraction SF. This value is determined by the following formula [8]: E SF (4) E E AUX The auxiliary energy demand was calculated according to Eq. (5), assuming the design value for hot water temperature T equal to 60 o C. E AUX nm m 1 T T c T T nd c (5) p As shown in Fig. 7, S system was able to satisfy around 35% of the hot water demand during the warmer months. However, in winter time, this factor decreased to only about 5%. The monthly average SF in the period under consideration was 23.4%. Usually it is assumed that a well-designed solar system should be able to provide around 40% of total energy load for water heating [9]. It proves too small area of solar collectors used in this system. Unfortunately, in medium-rise buildings (5 to 15 storeys) often there is a lack of space on the roof to allocate additional solar panels. FPC p ETC 0,40 SF [-] 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 Fig. 7. Changing the monthly average value of the solar fraction. 4 Conclusions and the future work The main goal of the present research has been to determine the seasonal energy efficiency of the solar domestic hot water system located on the campus of Bialystok University of Technology. This study involving analysis of measurement data that have been collected from 1 May 2015 to 30 November It has been found that the energy efficiency of S system was strongly related to the intensity of solar radiation. As indicated by the calculation results SYS was equal 32.6% 7
8 for the time period of this analysis, with 34.7% in the warmer months and 24.2% during the colder months (period from October 2015 to March 2016). To summarize, it can be concluded that only about 1/3 of the solar energy that falls on the solar panels has been converted into useful heat supplied to the domestic hot water system. So, this level of energy efficiency can be applied to any type of economic evaluations associated with the use of solar collectors for water heating in similar types of buildings in areas with a similar climate to north-eastern Poland. It is planned that the study on the effectiveness of S system will be continued for the next three years. Besides, the thermal performance of both types of solar collectors according to the standard ISO 9806:2013 will be determined. This work has been performed within the framework of a Grant of Bialystok University of Technology (Grant No. S/WBIIS/4/2014). References 1. C. Yao, B. Hao, S. Liu, X. Chen, Energy Procedia, 70 (2015) 2. J.-H. Yoo, Energy and Buildings, 101 (2015) 3. L. Gill, J.M. Mahon, K. Ryan, Solar Energy, 137 (2016) 4. S. Stevanovic, M. Pucar, Energy and Buildings, 54 (2012) 5. Y. Hang, M. Qu, F. Zhao, Energy and Buildings, 45 (2012) 6. W.M. Lin, K.C. Chang, K.M. Chung, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41 (2015) 7. R. Dziugaite-Tumeniene, V. Motuziene, G. Siupsinskas, K. Ciuprinskas, A. Rogza, Energy and Buildings, 138 (2017) 8. The German Solar Energy Society, Planning and installing solar thermal systems: A guide for installers, architects and engineers, James and James, UK (2007) 9. Y. Evans, T. Dwyer, CIBSE Journal, 02 (2009) 8
AR No. # - Solar Thermal
AR No. # - Solar Thermal Recommendation We recommend installing a solar thermal array on the building roof. This will provide an alternative source for 10% of the facilities energy consumption and reduce
EVALUATION OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR THERMAL SEASONAL BOREHOLE STORAGE
EVALUATION OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR THERMAL SEASONAL BOREHOLE STORAGE Johan Heier 1, Chris Bales 1, Artem Sotnikov 2 and Ganna Ponomarova 2 1 Solar Energy Research Center (SERC), Dalarna University,
Computational and the real energy performance of a single-family residential building in Poland an attempt to compare: a case study
Computational and the real energy performance of a single-family residential building in Poland an attempt to compare: a case study Piotr Kowalski 1,*, and Paweł Szałański 1 1 Department of Air Conditioning,
SIMULATION MODEL IN TRNSYS OF A SOLAR HOUSE FROM BRAŞOV, ROMANIA
SIMULATION MODEL IN TRNSYS OF A SOLAR HOUSE FROM BRAŞOV, ROMANIA C. Şerban 1, E. Eftimie 1 and L. Coste 1 1 Department of Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Transilvania University of Braşov B-dul
DESIGN AND MODELING THE Φ-F
powered by DESIGN AND MODELING THE Φ-F CHART METHOD FOR ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS Authors: S. Poles, M. Venturin Keywords: Scilab; Solar energy systems; φ-f chart method Abstract: The aim of this paper
Thermo-hydraulic Design of Solar Collector Networks for Industrial Applications
A publication of VOL. 35, 13 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS Guest Editors: Petar Varbanov, Jiří Klemeš, Panos Seferlis, Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, Spyros Voutetakis Copyright 13, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
Life cycle analysis of thermosyphon solar water heaters
Life cycle analysis of thermosyphon solar water heaters Soteris A. KALOGIROU Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences and Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, P. O. Box 50329,
Baltimore County Detention Center Expansion Towson, Maryland
V. Active Solar System Introduction After the energy crises of the 1970s and the subsequent increases in the cost of petroleumbased fuels, interest in active solar energy systems surged. Thousands of active
AR No. # Solar Thermal. Assessment Recommendation Savings Summary Source. Cost Savings Natural Gas. $984 * 1 MMBtu = 1,000,000 Btu
AR No. # Solar Thermal Recommendation We recommend installing a solar thermal array on the building roof. This will provide an alternative source for 9.8% of the facilities energy consumption and reduce
SorTech package solution description
SorTech package solution description Version 2.0 Edited by: Jörg Rupp Lotta Koch, Edo Wiemken, Björn Nienborg Freiburg, 06.10.2009 Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 3 2 The Chiller... 4 3 System s Components...
Evaluation of efficiency and collector time constant of a solar flat plate collector
Evaluation of efficiency and collector time constant of a solar flat plate collector Abhijit Devaraj 1, Abhishek Hiremath 2, Akshay R Patil 3, Krushik B N 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS College
EINSTEIN. Del.No7.3: Report on impact assessment of demonstration plants THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN EXISTING BUILDINGS
EINSTEIN Del.No7.3: Report on impact assessment of demonstration plants Project acronym: Project full title: EINSTEIN Grant agreement no.: 284932 EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
Application of Solar Heating on the Electrolyte Conditioning for Electrowinning Process: Thermosolar Plant Performance
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 57 (214 ) 293 2936 213 ISES Solar World Congress Application of Solar Heating on the Electrolyte Conditioning for Electrowinning
SOLAR THERMAL INSTALLATIONS FOR HOT WATER PRODUCTION IN THE HOTEL COMPLEX DOBRUDZHA ALBENA RESORT
SOLAR THERMAL INSTALLATIONS FOR HOT WATER PRODUCTION IN THE HOTEL COMPLEX DOBRUDZHA ALBENA RESORT Merima Zlateva, Stancho Stamov Technical University Sofia 1. INTRODUCTION One of the goals of Albena Complex
Renewables. Vacuum Tube Solar Systems. Solar Energy to the Power of
Renewables Vacuum Tube Solar Systems Solar Energy to the Power of FREE HOT WATER FROM DAWN TO DUSK AND THROUGHOUT THE YEAR WITH Thermomax advanced vacuum tube solar systems provide hot water in all seasons.
Thermal Analysis of Solar Flat Plate Collector
Thermal Analysis of Solar Flat Plate Collector # Yakoob Kolipak,Associate Professor, ME Dept, E-mail:yakoob.cjits @gmail.com # Kranthi Kumar Guduru,Assistant Professor,ME Dept, E-mail: kranthicjits1@gmail.com
Calculation and Fabrication of a Solar Flat Plate Collector Efficiency using Mild Steel as Absorber Plate
IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 3 Issue 08 February 2017 ISSN (online): 2349-784X Calculation and Fabrication of a Solar Flat Plate Collector Efficiency using Mild
Chapter Six{ TC "Chapter Six" \l 1 } System Simulation
Chapter Six{ TC "Chapter Six" \l 1 } System Simulation In the previous chapters models of the components of the cooling cycle and of the power plant were introduced. The TRNSYS model of the power plant
A Software for Performance Simulation of Solar Water Heating Systems
A Software for Performance Simulation of Solar Water Heating Systems PABLO LISBOA University of the State of Rio de Janeiro Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 sala 5020-A Rio de Janeiro, RJ BRAZIL pablisboa@gmail.com
Modeling and analyzing solar cooling systems in Polysun
Modeling and analyzing solar cooling systems in Polysun Seyed H. Rezaei (seyed.rezaei@velasolaris.com) 1 Andreas Witzig (andreas.witzig@velasolaris.com) 1 Michael Pfeiffer (michael.pfeiffer@velasolaris.com)
Effect of Distance between Double Glazing on the Performance of a Solar Thermal Collector Control
Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 5 (215) 161-166 doi: 117265/2159-5275/21534 D DAVID PUBLISHING Effect of Distance between Double Glazing on the Performance of a Solar Thermal Collector
Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 78 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 78 (215 ) 1859 1864 6th International Building Physics Conference, IBPC 215 An evaluation of distributed solar thermal "net metering"
Comparative Heating Performances of Ground Source and Air Source Heat. Pump Systems for Residential Buildings in Shanghai
Comparative Heating Performances of Ground Source and Air Source Heat Pump Systems for Residential Buildings in Shanghai Zhaohui Liu 1,2, Hongwei Tan 1,2,3* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University,
Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 70 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 7 (215 ) 4 9 International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry, SHC 214 Experimental study of a parabolic
Unit 7 Overview of Solar Thermal Applications
ELTR 1223 Survey of Renewable Energy Technology Unit 7 Overview of Solar Thermal Applications REEC 120 Sustainability and Renewable Energy Source: Use Policy This material was developed by Timothy J. Wilhelm,
Reference System, Austria Solar domestic hot water system for single- family house
Description: Date: 30.11.2016 Authors: Download possible at: Definition of the reference solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system for single- family house (SFH), Austria Thomas Ramschak, François Veynandt
Reminder: Solar and Terrestrial Radiation
ACTIVE SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS Ball State Architecture ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 2 Grondzik 1 Reminder: Solar and Terrestrial Radiation wavelengths shorter longer the energy action is here not to scale Heating,
Reference System, Germany Solar domestic hot water system, single-family house
Description: Definition of the reference system for solar domestic hot water (SDHW) preparation in a single-family house, Germany Date: 14.09.207, last revision 12.11.2017 Authors: Download possible at:
SOLAR COOLING: STATE OF THE ART, TECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND FIRSTS APPLICATIONS
SOLAR COOLING: STATE OF THE ART, TECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND FIRSTS APPLICATIONS F. Asdrubali, G. Baldinelli, A. Presciutti, M. Caporali University of Perugia - Industrial Engineering Department, Via G. Duranti
Active Solar Thermal Energy Applications in Buildings (Part 2)
Active Solar Thermal Energy Applications in Buildings (Part 2) Yerevan State University of Architecture and Construction INOGATE Programme New ITS Project, Ad Hoc Expert Facility (AHEF) Task AM-54-55-56
Reference System, Austria Solar domestic hot water preparation for multi- family house
Description: Date: 30.11.2016 Authors: Download possible at: Definition of the reference solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system for multifamily house (MFH), Austria Thomas Ramschak, François Veynandt http://task54.iea-
Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 91 (2016 ) 20 26
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 91 (2016 ) 20 26 SHC 2015, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry Evaluating the thermal
Doc. CEN/TC 228 N538 CEN/TC 228
Doc. CEN/TC 228 N538 CEN/TC 228 Date: 2006-08 CEN/TC 228 WI 025 CEN/TC 228 Secretariat: DS Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part
Reference System, Austria Solar combisystem system, single-family house
Description: Definition of the reference solar system for domestic hot water preparation and space heating (combi) for single family house (SFH), Austria Date: 30.11.2016, revised 07.11.2017 Authors: Download
Design of Experiment for Solar Water Heater Performance Analysis
Design of Experiment for Solar Water Heater Performance Analysis Mr. M.V. Kulkarni 1, Dr. D. S Deshmukh 2, 1 Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSBT'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
STEADY STATE AND DYNAMIC THERMOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF TRANSPARENT BUILDING COMPONENTS
STEADY STATE AND DYNAMIC THERMOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF TRANSPARENT BUILDING COMPONENTS 1. ABSTRACT In modern architecture the buildings are often designed with large glass facades or windows. Due to these
INFO Sheet A06. Reference System, Austria Solar Domestic Hot Water system, multi-family house. Introduction. Hydraulic Scheme of the System
Description: Definition of the reference solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system for multifamily house (MFH), Austria Date: 30.11.2016, last revision: 12.11.2017 Authors: Download possible at: Thomas Ramschak,
Side by side tests of two SDHW systems with solar collectors with and without antireflection treatment
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Mar 31, 2018 Side by side tests of two SDHW systems with solar collectors with and without antireflection treatment Kong, Weiqiang; Han, Jiangong; Perers, Bengt; Furbo,
THREE ECO-TOOL COMPARISON WITH THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC SOLAR FLAT PLATE HOT WATER SYSTEMS
Global NEST Journal, Vol 9, No 2, pp 174-181, 2007 Copyright 2007 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved THREE ECO-TOOL COMPARISON WITH THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC
Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 91 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 91 (2016 ) 824 831 SHC 2015, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry LEED Platinum awarded
Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 146 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 146 (2016 ) 459 465 8th International Cold Climate HVAC 2015 Conference, CCHVAC 2015 Analysis on the Heat Transfer Process of
Solar Thermal Market & support schemes in Germany. German Solar Industry Association (BSW-Solar)
Solar Thermal Market & support schemes in Germany German Solar Industry Association (BSW-Solar) German Solar Industry Association 2 TASK To represent the German solar industry in the solar thermal and
SEMI-SPHERICAL SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR WATER HEATING
SEMI-SPHERICAL SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR WATER HEATING Ilze Pelece Latvia University of Agriculture ilze.pelece@llu.lv Abstract. In Latvia because of its geographical and climatic conditions there are some features
FLATE Hillsborough Community College - Brandon (813)
The Florida Advanced Technological Education (FLATE) Center wishes to make available, for educational and noncommercial purposes only, materials relevant to the EST1830 Introduction to Alternative/Renewable
Experimental analysis of heat-pump integrated with solar energy
Experimental analysis of heat-pump integrated with solar energy André Ricardo Quinteros Panesi 1 Abstract: The objective of the present work is to analyze the performance of an equipment used in water
This course provides an analysis of the effect of cool or highly reflective
cool roofs CAN REDUCE PEAK ENERGY DEMAND All Images courtesy duro-last roofing, inc. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this article, you should be able to: + Estimate the potential savings achieved when
SOLAR COLLECTORS TITANPOWER TM FLAT PLATE & THERMOPOWER TM EVACUATED TUBES
SOLAR COLLECTORS TITANPOWER TM FLAT PLATE & THERMOPOWER TM EVACUATED TUBES SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE SunMaxx solar collectors are among the best performing and most efficient in the solar thermal industry CUTTING-EDGE
Simulation and Optimization of Vacuum Tube Solar Collector Water Heating System in Iran
Online available since February 2016 at www.oricpub.com (2016) Copyright ORIC Publications Journal of Science and Engineering; Vol. 07 (01), 2016, 001-019 ISSN: 2331-5172 Simulation and Optimization of
Project summary. 2 MW project Schalkwijk Haarlem Netherlands
Project summary Nine 40-year old blocks with 382 apartments have been extensively retrofitted and equipped with solar energy. The system consists of 2,850 sqm glass covered solar collectors, short-term
September Hybrid Air, Solar, and Ground Source Heat Pump Designs. Gaylord Olson, Yao Yu
Abstract September 2017 Hybrid Air, Solar, and Ground Source Heat Pump Designs Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHP) are often considered as an alternative to conventional air conditioners and gas-fired furnaces/boilers
Solar Thermal. [Strategy]
[Strategy] Brief Description Solar domestic water heating (DWH) systems harvest the insolation from the sun and store its heat energy in the form of hot water. There are a number of factors that influence
A DIRECT SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM FOR THE HEALTH CLINIC IN THE TOWN OF SANTA ISABEL CHOLULA, STATE OF PUEBLA, MEXICO
A DIRECT SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM FOR THE HEALTH CLINIC IN THE TOWN OF SANTA ISABEL CHOLULA, STATE OF PUEBLA, MEXICO Roberto Rosas-Romero Universidad de las Américas Puebla Jeffrey S. Tiller and Brian
Evaluation of Energy Savings of the New Chinese Commercial Building Energy Standard
Evaluation of Energy Savings of the New Chinese Commercial Building Energy Standard Wei Feng, Ke Huang, Mark Levine and Nan Zhou, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Shicong Zhang, Lawrence Berkeley
Solar Thermal Radiant Heating at Pohakuloa Training Area
Solar Thermal Radiant Heating at Pohakuloa Training Area DoD Executive Agent Office Office of the of the Assistant Assistant Secretary of the of Army the Army (Installations and and Environment) Heather
Optimisation and Cost Analysis of a Lithium Bromide Absorption Solar Cooling System
Optimisation and Cost Analysis of a Lithium Bromide Absorption Solar Cooling System Georgios A. Florides and Soteris A. Kalogirou Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technical Institute, Nicosia,
SOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES
SOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES Second Edition JOHN A. DUFFIE Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering WILLIAM A. BECKMAN Professor of Mechanical Engineering Solar Energy Laboratory University
Ground-Coupled Heat Pump And Energy Storage
Ground-Coupled Heat Pump And Energy Storage By Ed Lohrenz, Member ASHRAE; and Sergio Almeida, P.Eng., Member ASHRAE Ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems consume less purchased energy than an HVAC system
The Effects of Set-Points and Dead-Bands of the HVAC System on the Energy Consumption and Occupant Thermal Comfort
The Effects of Set-Points and Dead-Bands of the HVAC System on the Energy Consumption and Occupant Thermal Comfort Ongun Berk Kazanci, Bjarne W. Olesen 1 1 International Center for Indoor Environment and
Design, Fabrication and Experimental Study of a Novel Loopheat-pipe based Solar Thermal Facade Water Heating System
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 75 ( 2015 ) 566 571 The 7 th International Conference on Applied Energy ICAE2015 Design, Fabrication and Experimental Study of a
The Potential and Challenges of Solar Boosted Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating
The Potential and Challenges of Solar Boosted Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating Stephen Harrison Ph.D., P. Eng., Solar Calorimetry, Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen s University,
Chromasun Micro-Concentrator
Chromasun Micro-Concentrator Chromasun Background Chromasun s founders designed and installed the Linear Fresnel Solar Array at Liddell Power Station in the Hunter Valley. This array still stands as Australia
Case study : RIO VENA (Seasonal Storage Solar DH Study)
Case study : RIO VENA (Seasonal Storage Solar DH Study) Name of the project: Adress of the project: Name and type of the owner: RIO VENA (Seasonal) Burgos, E-09006 Burgos (Spain) VEOLIA, utility company
Local project in Dublin - IRELAND
Local project in Dublin - IRELAND Tyrrelstown Housing is a new development of Social Rented, Shared Equity and Affordable Purchase family dwellings by National Association of Building Co-operatives (NABCo)
This document is a preview generated by EVS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 12977-2 April 2010 ICS 27.160 Supersedes ENV 12977-2:2001 English Version Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built
Design Considerations for Flat Plate Solar Water Heater System
Design Considerations for Flat Plate Solar Water Heater System 1* P. P.Patil, 2 Dr.D.S.Deshmukh. 1* Assi. Prof., Mech. Engg. Department, SGDCOE Jalgaon.MS India 2 Professor, Mech. Engg. Department, SSBT
Study of Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Collector at Different Temperatures
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 11, November 2015 266 Study of Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Collector at Different Temperatures Mahesh Khatiwada
Module 3: Simulation and Data Analysis
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES DEMONSTRATING BUILDING ENERGY ANALYSIS USING A BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL Christian Daniel Douglass Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering December 1, 2010 Module Summary In
Advanced Storage Concepts for Solar Combisystems
Advanced Storage Concepts for Solar Combisystems H. Drück, W. Heidemann, H. Müller-Steinhagen Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Thermodynamik und Wärmetechnik (ITW) Pfaffenwaldring 6, D-70550 Stuttgart
Electrical/thermal performance of hybrid PV/T system in Sharjah, UAE
International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy Electrical/thermal performance of hybrid PV/T system in Sharjah, UAE Amna A. Alzaabi a, Nadine K. Badawiyeh a, Hind O. Hantoush a, A. K. Hamid b* a
Algorithm Accelerations for Luminescent Solar Concentrator-Enhanced Reconfigurable Onboard Photovoltaic System
Algorithm Accelerations for Luminescent Solar Concentrator-Enhanced Reconfigurable Onboard Photovoltaic System Caiwen Ding 1, Ji Li 2, Weiwei Zheng 3, Naehyuck Chang 4, Xue Lin 5, Yanzhi Wang 1 1Dept.
Solar Absorption Aqua-Ammonia Absorption system simulation base on Climate of Malaysia
Solar Absorption Aqua-Ammonia Absorption system simulation base on Climate of Malaysia POORYA OOSHAKSARAEI 1, SOHIF MAT 1, M. YAHYA 1, AHMAD MAHIR RAZALI 1, AZAMI ZAHARIM 2, K. SOPIAN 3 1 Solar Energy
Solar Energy 101 What You Need to Know to Go Solar
Solar Energy 101 What You Need to Know to Go Solar Cathy Redson Sarah Raymer SolPowerPeople, Inc. October 6, 2012 The data, analysis, views, and commentary that follow have been provided by the presenter
Steam generation unit in a simple version of biomass based small cogeneration unit
MATEC Web of Conferences 18, 01010 (2014) DOI: 10.1051/ matecconf/ 20141801010 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014 Steam generation unit in a simple version of biomass based small cogeneration
2 kw. ak.com. www. Energy report
2 kw Thermal System Example of SolarPeak residential installation Energy report Find your closest agent www w.solarpea ak.com SolarPeak Head Office ops@ @SolarPeak.com (3) 547 58 19 Nelson 1 What is this
The performance measurement of the parabolic trough solar collector
The performance measurement of the parabolic trough solar collector Jozef Matusov, Peter Durcansky, Richard Lenhard Abstract - The performance of the parabolic collector depends on several factors such
Kotzebue Electric Association Solar Thermal Alternative Residential Heating Methods Quarterly Report 12/15/2010
Kotzebue Electric Association Solar Thermal Alternative Residential Heating Methods Quarterly Report 12/15/2010 Funding Denali Commission $127,000 KEA 1 In-Kind $5,000 CETF In-Kind $12,000 Total $144,000
Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 121 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 121 (2015 ) 1413 1419 9th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC) and the 3rd International
Solar Energy Technologies
1 Solar Energy Technologies ME 430 Queen s University The Solar Energy Resource Varies over day and year, (i.e., intermittent) Generally non-dispatchable Ottawa average for year ~4 kwh/m 2 per day e.g.,
Renewable technology. For low carbon space and water heating VOKERA RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS
Renewable technology EVACUATE TUE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS ON TILE & INSET FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS PRE SALES SUPPORT For low carbon space and water heating VOKERA RENEWALE
ACTIVE SOLAR SYSTEMS
ACTIVE SOLAR SYSTEMS ENGS 44 Sustainable Design Benoit Cushman-Roisin 17 April 2017 There are situations where one may wish to go beyond passive solar gain. Some of the reasons are: There is not enough
Welcome! Webinar #7: MODELLING SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS 27 JULY 2017
Welcome! Webinar #7: MODELLING SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS 27 JULY 2017 Agenda: * Introduction * Solar Components in Thermoflex-PEACE * Design Mode * Off-design simulation: controls @ operating points * Link
The performance of a high solar fraction seasonal storage district heating system five years of operation
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 30 (2012 ) 856 865 SHC 2012 The performance of a high solar fraction seasonal storage district heating system five years of operation Bruce Sibbitt
CombiSol project. Solar Combisystems Promotion and Standardisation
CombiSol project Solar Combisystems Promotion and Standardisation D3.1 : Comparison of test methods Draft December 21rd 2010 B. Mette 1), J. Ullmann 1), H. Drück 1) M. Albaric 2), A. Leconte 2), Philippe
SUSTAINABILITY An Energy & Emissions Case Study
SUSTAINABILITY An Energy & Emissions Case Study 1 Energy & Emissions Case Study WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS has a history of responsibly investing resources to increase the efficiency of our operations
CPC EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR SYSTEMS FOR PROCESS HEAT UP TO 160 C
CPC EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR SYSTEMS FOR PROCESS HEAT UP TO 6 C Rolf Meissner Ritter XL Solar GmbH e-mail: r.meissner@ritter-xl-solar.com Introduction Using water as heat transfer fluid CPC evacuated tube
THE MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC, SOLAR THERMAL, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC/THERMAL DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS
THE MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC, SOLAR THERMAL, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC/THERMAL DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS By Jonathan Berger A thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering in conformity
Industrial perspectives in Solar. 27 th of November 2012 Christian Stadler
Industrial perspectives in Solar 27 th of November 2012 Christian Stadler Agenda Heat demand vs. Electricity demand in EU ITW analysis clears up differentiation of Solar Thermal vs. PV Current available
BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE
BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, September 4. Copyright 4 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is presented
Providing free cooling from low temperature waste heat
Providing free cooling from low temperature waste heat through By Dinesh Gupta Past President ASHRAE India chapter President, Bry-Air Asia A. THE TECHNOLOGY Comparing the adsorption cycle with the refrigeration
northern ireland Renewable heat
a guide to northern ireland Renewable heat incentive (NIRHI) solar thermal solutions what is the northern ireland renewable heat incentive (NIRHI) for non-domestic customers? The NIRHI is a financial incentive
Loughborough University Institutional Repository. This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an author.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository MgSO4 + zeolite-based composite thermo-chemical energy stores (TCES) integrated with vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors (VFPC) for seasonal thermal
Neil Eccles June SBED TSC Technology
Neil Eccles June 2013 SBED TSC Technology The drivers Buildings account for 40% of energy use and CO 2 emissions. In Northern Europe one half of the above is used for space heating/cooling. Reduction in
A Solar Wall System Utilized in Rural Houses of Northeast China
A Solar Wall System Utilized in Rural Houses of Northeast China Tiantian Zhang and Yufei Tan in rural buildings, for instance, only 16.4% of the investigated houses employ solar energy to produce hot water
Nikolaos Taousanidis 1* and Elisavet Amanatidou 2
Nikolaos Taousanidis 1* and Elisavet Amanatidou 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, Technological Education Institution of Western Macedonia, Kozani 50100, Greece, E-mail address:
Thermal Accumulation in Solar Systems for Hot Water Abstract 1. Introduction
Thermal Accumulation in Solar Systems for Hot Water Stanko Vl. Shtrakov, Anton Stoilov South - West University Neofit Rilski, Dept of Physics, 66 Ivan Mihailov Str., 2700 - Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA, E-mail:
Reference System, Switzerland Solar Domestic Hot Water system, multi-family house
Description: Definition of a reference solar thermal domestic hot water system with gas auxiliary for multi-family houses, Switzerland Date: 03.01.2017, last revision 12.11.2017 Authors: Download possible
Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 157 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 157 (2016 ) 285 292 IX International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer, ICCHMT2016 The Calculation Of The Amount
Ventilation in residential buildings: A comparison of different calculation methodologies in the context of the EPBD
S. Wössner et al, D: Ventilation in residential buildings: A comparison of different calculation... 1 Ventilation in residential buildings: A comparison of different calculation methodologies in the context
Residential Swimming Pool Heating with Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
Residential Swimming Pool Heating with Geothermal Heat Pump Systems by Andrew Chiasson, P.E. ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of swimming pool heating with geothermal
PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR COLLECTORS UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS: Measurements and simulations results
PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR COLLECTORS UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS: Measurements and simulations results Mircea Bunea *, Sara Eicher, Catherine Hildbrand, Jacques Bony, Bengt Perers 2 and Stéphane Citherlet