Sustainability and Innovation

Transcription

1 Sustainability and Innovation Utility University Partnerships Water Resources Recovery Leadership Forum Hosted by: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Michigan Water Environment Association Nancy G. Love, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan References:

2 End of infrastructure design life offers opportunities for innovation. Design Life: Bridge: 50 yrs Federal Highway System signed into law in 1956 Design Life: Basins: 25 yrs Deep pipes: 50 yrs Clean Water Act signed into law in 1972 Safe Drinking Water Act signed into law in 1974

3 End of infrastructure design life offers opportunities for innovation. Design Life: Bridge: 50 yrs Federal Highway System signed into law in 1956 Design Life: Basins: 30 yrs Deep pipes: 50 yrs Clean Water Act signed into law in 1972 Safe Drinking Water Act signed into law in 1974

4 US Population Served by Centralized Wastewater Treatment Primary Goals: Protect public health by removing pathogens Protect environment by removing oxidizable organic carbon Year USEPA, Clean Watersheds Needs Survey, 2012 Report to Congress

5 The evolution of conventional, centralized wastewater treatment Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Disinfection Influent Screens Grit Removal Primary Settling Activated Sludge Chlorine Contact Effluent Solids Handling Anaerobic Digestion Biosolids Circa 1960 s

6 Key metabolic processes in biological secondary treatment based on oxidation state High energy content Oxidation State Low energy content anaerobic Most wastewater Carbon CH 4 constituents sludge processing aerobic mainstream anaerobic CO 2 Nitrogen NH 3 N 2 NO 2 - NO 3 - aerobic Phosphorus PO 4-3

7 The evolution of conventional, centralized wastewater treatment Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Disinfection Influent Screens Grit Removal Primary Settling Activated Sludge Chlorine Contact Effluent Solids Handling Anaerobic Digestion Biosolids Circa 1960 s

8 The evolution of conventional, centralized wastewater treatment Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Disinfection Influent Screens Grit Removal Primary Settling Activated Sludge Secondary Settling Chlorine Contact Effluent Dewater Solids Handling Anaerobic Digestion Biosolids Circa 1980 s

9 US Population Served by Centralized Wastewater Treatment Primary Goals: Protect public health by removing pathogens Protect environment by removing oxidizable organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus Year USEPA, Clean Watersheds Needs Survey, 2012 Report to Congress

10 US Population Served by Centralized Wastewater Treatment Primary Goals: Protect public health by removing pathogens Protect environment by removing oxidizable organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus Year USEPA, Clean Watersheds Needs Survey, 2012 Report to Congress

11 The 10 leading causes of death as a percentage of all deaths United States, 1900 and Pneumonia Tuberculosis Diarrhea & Enteritis Heart Disease Stroke Liver Disease 1900 Injuries Cancer Senility Diphtheria Heart disease Cancer Chronic lower respiratory disease Accidents Stroke Alzheimer's disease Diabetes 2015 Influenze and pneumonia Kidney disease CDC, Morbidity Mortalilty Weekly Report, Achievements in Public Health: , Control of Infectious Diseases, July 30, 1999, 49(29): Suicide

12 US Population Served by Centralized Wastewater Treatment Primary Goals: Protect public health by removing pathogens Protect environment by removing oxidizable organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus Year USEPA, Clean Watersheds Needs Survey, 2012 Report to Congress

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14 Key metabolic processes in biological secondary treatment based on oxidation state High energy content Oxidation State Low energy content anaerobic Most wastewater Carbon CH 4 constituents sludge processing aerobic mainstream anaerobic CO 2 Nitrogen NH 3 N 2 NO 2 - NO 3 - aerobic Phosphorus PO 4-3 Focus is on Nitrogen Removal

15 Phosphorus removal and recovery: Convert from soluble to insoluble form that can be reused for beneficial purpose. Cordell et al., Global Environmental Change (2009) NASA/Earth Observatory (2011)

16 Key metabolic processes in biological secondary treatment based on oxidation state High energy content Oxidation State Low energy content anaerobic Most wastewater Carbon CH 4 constituents sludge processing aerobic mainstream anaerobic CO 2 Nitrogen NH 3 N 2 NO 2 - NO 3 - aerobic Phosphorus PO 4-3

17 Phosphorus Recovery Chemically precipitated Biologically sequestered as polyphosphate Chemically sequestered as struvite Kortsee et al Biokhimiya. Guest et al ES&T.

18 The evolution of conventional, centralized wastewater treatment Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Disinfection Influent Screens Grit Removal Primary Settling Activated Sludge Secondary Settling Chlorine Contact Effluent Dewater Solids Handling Anaerobic Digestion Biosolids Circa 1980 s

19 Effluent Disinfection The evolution of conventional, centralized wastewater treatment Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Secondary + Advanced Treatment Electron donor Alum Influent Screens Grit Removal Primary Settling Dewater Solids Handling Anaerobic Digestion Biosolids Schematic for Broad Run Water Reclamation Facility Circa 2005

20 Effluent Disinfection The evolution of conventional, centralized wastewater treatment Influent Screens Preliminary Treatment Benefits Primary Treatment Secondary + Advanced Treatment Electron donor Fits Grit within conventional infrastructure layout Primary Removal Settling Achieves high quality effluent Enhanced microbial diversity Possibly enhanced trace organic contaminant removal Alum Solids Handling Dewater Limitations Energy Intensive Not optimized for any one biological metabolism Not optimized for energy or resource capture Large footprint Anaerobic Digestion Biosolids Circa 2010

21 Energy required for centralized, conventional secondary wastewater treatment 1,200 to 2,400 MJ/1000 m 3 Energy available in average wastewater for treatment 6,000 MJ/1000 m 3 Tchobanoglous et al., 2013 Rosso et al. (2008)

22 Floating sludge Before DO reduction Good settling After DO reduction t=0 t=1 year t=6 years

23 CO 2 Conventional single-sludge approach C, N, P C removal via oxidation P removal (PO 4 3- precipitated) N conversion (NH 4 + NO 3- ) P recovery (PO 4 3- cell-incorporated polyp granules) N removal (NH 4 + N 2 ) Nutrients in dewatering fluids sludge

24 Separate sludge (A B) approach CO 2 C, N, P C, N, P C removal via oxidation Short SRT, Granular, Bioelectrolysis Sludge (C capture) C capture via reduction CH 4 Low energy N removal via NO - 2 P, N recovery as algae P removal (PO 3-4 precipitated) C recovery as methane P, N recovery as struvite or algae N removal by N 2 via anammox N recovery (NH + 4 algae) P recovery (PO 3-4 algae) Low energy N removal via NO - 2 sludge Thermal treatment to fertilizer or adsorbant

25 Separate sludge (A B) approach CO 2 C, N, P C, N, P C removal via oxidation Short SRT, Granular, Bioelectrolysis Sludge (C capture) C capture via reduction CH 4 Low energy N removal via NO - 2 P, N recovery as algae P removal (PO 3-4 precipitated) C recovery as methane P, N recovery as struvite or algae N removal by N 2 via anammox N recovery (NH + 4 algae) P recovery (PO 3-4 algae) Low energy N removal via NO - 2 sludge Thermal treatment to fertilizer or adsorbant

26 Separate sludge (A B) approach CO 2 C, N, P C, N, P C removal via oxidation Short SRT, Granular, Bioelectrolysis Sludge (C capture) C capture via reduction CH 4 Low energy N removal via NO - 2 P, N recovery as algae P removal (PO 3-4 precipitated) C recovery as methane P, N recovery as struvite or algae N removal by N 2 via anammox N recovery (NH + 4 algae) P recovery (PO 3-4 algae) Low energy N removal via NO - 2 sludge Thermal treatment to fertilizer or adsorbent

27 We are using models and experiments to develop MABR and GSR technologies that use less aeration. Dr. Kelly Martin Black & Veatch Dr. Charles Bott HRSD Jeseth Delgado Vela Ph.D. Candidate Zerihun Alemayehu Ph.D. Student Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor Counter-Current Granular Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor Co-Current

28 (Waste)water Management, Reuse and Recovery References:

29 What is the impact of microaerobic treatment environments on trace organic chemical transformations? Dr. Lauren Stadler Rice University

30 Low DO treatment directly and indirectly impacts pharmaceutical transformations. Dissolved oxygen (DO) Microbial community Pharmaceutical biotransformations (1) it is a limiting substrate and slows the activity of aerobic microorganisms (2) it shapes the microbial community. Growth in low DO conditions results in: increased biomass concentration enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased microbial diversity Stadler and Love, In review. Impact of microbial physiology and microbial community structure on pharmaceutical fate driven by dissolved oxygen concentration in nitrifying bioreactors

31 Low DO treatment directly and indirectly impacts pharmaceutical transformations. Dissolved oxygen (DO) Microbial community Pharmaceutical biotransformations (1) it is a limiting substrate and slows the activity of aerobic microorganisms (2) it shapes the microbial community. Growth in low DO conditions results in: increased biomass concentration enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased microbial diversity Pharmaceutical transformation is comparable to faster under low DO environments Stadler and Love, In review. Impact of microbial physiology and microbial community structure on pharmaceutical fate driven by dissolved oxygen concentration in nitrifying bioreactors

32 Sustainability and Innovation Utility University Partnerships Water Resources Recovery Leadership Forum Hosted by: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Michigan Water Environment Association Nancy G. Love, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan References:

33 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

34 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

35 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

36 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

37 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

38 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

39 Utility University Partnerships Facilitate Innovation Requires mutually understanding the needs and offerings of the other Rules are different at every utility and university Not constrained to partnerships only with those in your back yard Engage the next generation of water professionals

40 Leaders Innovation Forum for Technology

41 Leaders Innovation Forum for Technology

42 Access to University resources is getting easier

43 Sustainability and Innovation Utility University Partnerships Water Resources Recovery Leadership Forum Hosted by: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Michigan Water Environment Association Nancy G. Love, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan References:

44 At the Confluence: Nutrients, Trace Chemicals and Sustainability in the Urban Water Sector The Interplay Between Chemicals and the Microbiome: An Environmental Biotechnology Perspective