IV.M.1 WATER SUPPLY 1. INTRODUCTION. 2. EXISTING CONDITIONS a. Water Supply i. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP)

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1 IV.M.1 WATER SUPPLY 1. INTRODUCTION This section describes regional water supplies and existing water infrastructure serving the Project site, estimates the water demand associated with the Project, and assesses whether there is sufficient water supply and water infrastructure capacity available to meet this demand. The analysis of water supply is based on data provided in the Water Supply Assessment (WSA) prepared for the proposed Project by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) and adopted by the LADWP Board on January 3, The analysis of water infrastructure is based on information from both the Wastewater Technical Report and a fire flow analysis conducted by LADWP. The WSA, Wastewater Technical Report and fire flow analysis are included as Appendices IV.M 1., IV.M 2, and IV.K 2 of this, respectively. 2. EXISTING CONDITIONS a. Water Supply i. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) LADWP is responsible for providing water within the City of Los Angeles limits and ensuring that the delivered water quality meets applicable California health standards for drinking water. As the Project site is located within the City of Los Angeles, LADWP would be the water provider for the Project. Water is supplied to the City from several sources, including the Los Angeles Aqueducts (LAA), local groundwater, water purchased from the MWD, recycled water, and water transfers/storage. Table IV.M.1 1, LADWP Total Water Supply, summarizes LADWP water supplies from these sources over the last ten years. As indicated, in 2010, LADWP had a total available water supply of 534,478 AF, of which approximately 47.0 percent was from the LAA, 12.7 percent from local groundwater, 39.0 from the MWD, and 1.3 from recycled water (none was from transfers/storage that year). The LADWP s water sources are described below. Los Angeles Aqueducts (LAA) Water from the LAA comes primarily from streams and groundwater originating from snowmelt runoff from the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains. Due to varying hydrologic conditions, water supply from these sources can fluctuate yearly. The City holds water rights in the Eastern Sierra Nevada where LAA water supplies originate. In recent years, LAA supplies have been less than historically normal due to environmental restoration obligations in Mono and Inyo Counties. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 1 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

2 IV.M.1. Water Supply Table IV.M.1 1 LADWP Total Water Supply (in Acre Feet) Year Los Angeles Aqueducts Local Groundwater MWD Recycled Water Transfer, Spread, Spills, and Storage a Total ,480 80, ,594 1,675 1, , ,237 85, ,303 1,944, , ,340 86, ,774 1,759 2, , ,190 75, ,603 1,774 2, , ,394 57, ,002 1,401 3, , ,235 67, ,975 3,893 1, , ,392 88, ,344 3,595 1, , ,407 64, ,959 7,048 1, , ,261 66, ,005 7,570 3, , ,126 68, ,264 6, ,478 Source: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, a A negative number does not represent a loss. Rather, it indicates the amount of water that has been taken or stored into the reservoir system. A positive number indicates spills from the reservoir system. LADWP s ability to export Mono Basin water is now tied directly to the elevation of Mono Lake and flows of various streams that are tributary to the lake. When Mono Lake reaches its target elevation, exports from the Mono Basin can increase from its current level of approximately 16,000 AF per year. Additionally, pursuant to a Memorandum of Agreement between LADWP and the Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District, LADWP s ability to export Mono Basin water is tied to a dust mitigation program implemented for Owens Lake. An estimated 55,000 AF of water per year may ultimately be required to sustain the dust mitigation program. As indicated in Table IV.M 1 1, 251,126 AF of LADWP water supplies came from the LAA in 2010, while deliveries from the LAA system to LADWP have averaged approximately 221,289 AF over the last five fiscal years. 1 Based on computer modeling results, LADWP projects that future average 1 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 2 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

3 IV.M.1 Water Supply annual LAA deliveries will average approximately 254,000 AF. 2 See the project WSA for (pages 17 and 18) for additional background information on the LAA. Groundwater LADWP extracts groundwater from four local groundwater basins (San Fernando, Sylmar, Central, and West Coast). LADWP holds adjudicated extraction rights in these groundwater basins, meaning that the groundwater supplies and quantities have been assigned by the courts to existing users. However, the San Fernando and Sylmar Basins are subject to the judgment in City of San Fernando vs. City of Los Angeles. Per that judgment, pumping must be reported to the court appointed Upper Los Angeles River Area (ULARA) Watermaster. The Central and West Coast Basins are also subject to court judgments. Pumping is reported to DWR, which acts as Watermaster. The San Fernando Basin, which consists of 112,000 acres of land and comprises 91.2 percent of the ULARA, is the largest of four basins within the ULARA. LADWP has accumulated nearly 456,146 AF of stored water credit in the San Fernando Basin as of October 2010, which can be withdrawn from the basin during normal and dry years or in an emergency, in addition to LADWP s approximately 87,000 AF annual entitlement in the basin. The majority of LADWP s groundwater is extracted from the San Fernando Basin. The Sylmar Basin, located in the northern part of the ULARA, consists of 5,600 acres of land and comprises 4.6 percent of the ULARA. LADWP currently has an annual entitlement of 3,405 AF from the Sylmar Basin. Annual entitlements to the Central and West Coast Basins are 15,000 AF and 1,503 AF, respectively. Currently, LADWP does not exercise its pumping rights at the West Coast Basin due to localized water quality issues. As indicated in Table IV.M.1 2, LADWP Local Groundwater Basin Supply, LADWP extracted 59,958 AF from the San Fernando Basin, 2,544 AF from the Sylmar Basin, and 11,135 AF from the Central Basin during the runoff year. LADWP plans to continue production from its groundwater basins in the coming years to offset reductions in imported water supplies. However, extraction from the basins will be limited by water quality and overdraft protections, and both LADWP and DWR have programs in place to monitor wells to prevent overdraft. 3 2 Ibid. 3 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 3 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

4 IV.M.1. Water Supply Table IV.M.1 2 LADWP Local Groundwater Basin Supply (In Acre Feet) Year San Fernando Sylmar Central ,042 2,175 13, ,251 3,919 13, ,009 2,997 10, , , ,958 2,544 11,135 Source: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, ii. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) MWD is the largest water wholesaler for domestic and municipal uses in southern California. It is comprised of 26 member public agencies, including 14 cities, 11 municipal water districts, and one county water authority. All 26 member agencies have preferential rights to purchase water from MWD. As one of the 26 member agencies, LADWP purchases water from MWD to supplement LADWP water supplies from the LAA and local groundwater. As of June 30, 2006, LADWP had a preferential right to purchase percent of MWD s total water supply. 4 LADWP has worked with MWD in the development of the MWD Water Supply Allocation Plan, which was adopted by the MWD Board in During a water supply shortage, LADWP is allocated a calculated amount of MWD water based on an allocation formula provided in that plan. LADWP supported the adoption of that plan and intends to work within the plan to acquire its drought supplies from MWD in the future. As indicated in Table IV.M.1 1, in 2010 LADWP received approximately 208,264 AF of water from MWD. LADWP will continue to rely on MWD to meet its current and future supplemental water needs. MWD imports a portion of its water supplies from two sources: (1) the Colorado River through MWD s own Colorado River Aqueduct; and (2) northern California through the State Water Project (SWP) s California Aqueduct. These water sources are described below. See the WSA, Appendix IV.M.1 of this, for a discussion of the challenges facing MWD with respect to its water supplies, recent water supply legislation and litigation involving MWD water supplies, and 4 Ibid. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 4 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

5 IV.M.1 Water Supply the specific actions MWD and the State of California are taking to meet their water supply challenges. Colorado River The Colorado River was MWD s original source of water after MWD s establishment in MWD has a legal entitlement to receive water from the Colorado River under a permanent service contract with the Secretary of the Interior (Section 5 of the federal Boulder Canyon Project Act). Water from the Colorado River or its tributaries is also available to other users in California as well as users in the states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, resulting in both competition and the need for cooperation among these holders of Colorado River entitlements. In addition, under a 1944 agreement, Mexico has an allotment of 1.5 million AF of Colorado River water annually except in the event of extraordinary drought or serious accident to the delivery system in the United States when the water allotted to Mexico would be curtailed. 5 The Colorado River Aqueduct, which is owned and operated by MWD, transports water from the Colorado River approximately 242 miles to its terminus at Lake Mathews in Riverside County. From there, MWD pumps the water into its feeder pipeline distribution system for delivery to its member agencies throughout Southern California. After deducting for conveyance losses and considering maintenance requirements, up to 1.2 million AF of water a year may be conveyed through the Colorado River Aqueduct to MWD s member agencies, subject to availability of Colorado River water for delivery to MWD. 6 California is apportioned the use of 4.4 million AF of water from the Colorado River each year plus one half of any surplus that may be available for use collectively in Arizona, California, and Nevada. In addition, California has historically been allowed to use Colorado River water apportioned to but not used by Arizona and Nevada when such supplies have been requested for use in California. Under the 1931 priority system for the distribution of Colorado River water made available to California, MWD was allotted 550,000 AF per year under a fourth priority right and 662,000 AF per year under a fifth priority right. 7 Until 2003, MWD had been able to take full advantage of its fifth priority right as a result of the availability of surplus water and apportioned but unused water. However, Arizona and Nevada 5 The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Revenue Bond Official Statement dated January 15, City of Los Angeles, for the 10,000 Santa Monica Boulevard Project, SCH # , September Ibid. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 5 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

6 IV.M.1. Water Supply increased their water use from the Colorado River, leaving no unused apportionment available for California since that time. In addition, a severe drought in the Colorado River Basin reduced storage in system reservoirs, such that MWD stopped taking surplus deliveries in 2003 in an effort to mitigate the effects of the drought. Prior to 2003, MWD could divert over 1.2 million AF in any year, but since that time MWD s net diversions of Colorado River water have been limited to a low of nearly 633,000 AF in 2006 and a high of approximately 905,000 AF in Average annual net deliveries for 2003 through 2008 were approximately 762,000 AF, with annual volumes dependent primarily on availability of unused higher priority agricultural water and increasing transfer of conserved water. 8 State Water Project The State Water Project (SWP) is a water storage and delivery system of reservoirs, aqueducts, power plants, and pumping plants. The main purpose of the SWP is to divert and store surplus water during wet periods and distribute it to areas throughout the state, along with flood control, power generation, recreation, fish and wildlife protection, and water quality management in the Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta (Delta). The SWP is owned by the State of California and operated by the DWR. SWP transports Feather River water stored in and released from Orville Dam and unregulated flows diverted directly from the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) south via the California Aqueduct to four delivery points near the northern and eastern boundaries of MWD s service area. The total length of the California Aqueduct is approximately 444 miles. MWD signed a contract (the State Water Contract) with the DWR in MWD is one of the 29 agencies that have long term contracts for water service from the DWR, and is the largest agency in terms of the number of people it serves (almost 19 million), the share of the SWP that it has contracted to receive (approximately 46 percent), and the percentage of total annual payments made to the DWR by agencies with State water contracts. MWD s State Water Contract is set to expire in 2035 and MWD presently intends to exercise an option to continue service to at least Ibid. 9 The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Revenue Bond Official Statement dated January 15, 2009, Appendix A, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, updated to reflect Remarketing Statement, Water Revenue Refunding Bonds for $104,185,000, 2009 Series A 1 dated February 24, City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 6 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

7 IV.M.1 Water Supply The availability of SWP water supply is analyzed by DWR in terms of Table A and Article 21 water deliveries. Table A water deliveries represent the schedule of the maximum amount of water that water contractors to the DWR may receive annually from the SWP. There are 29 water contractors who have signed long term contracts with the DWR. Table A deliveries are not guarantees of annual delivery amounts but are used to allocate individual contractors portion of the delivery amounts available. Article 21 deliveries refer to Table A deliveries with additional water supplies received only under the following conditions: the water is available only if it does not interfere with Table A allocations and SWP operations; the water is available only when there is excess water in the Delta; the water is available only when conveyance capacity is not being used for SWP purposes or scheduled SWP deliveries; and the water must be stored by the contractor and not in the SWP system. 10 The State Water Contract, under a 100 percent allocation, provides MWD with 1,911,500 AF of water. Water received from the SWP by MWD from 2002 through 2011 varied from 908,000 to 1,800,000 AF. Below normal precipitation in Sierra Nevada mountains in the winter of 2007 and spring of 2008, the seasons when most of the annual precipitation occurs, ended with record dry conditions during March and April of MWD s 2012 allocation from the SWP is 60 percent of its contracted amount, or 1,146,900 AF. 11 b. Drought Conditions In the past years, drought conditions have led to water supply shortages all across the State. Water years represented the 12th driest three year period in the State s hydrologic record. 12 Water year 2009 was notable in that January, normally the single wettest month, was extremely dry. Average annual precipitation totals in the State of California were inches in 2007, inches in 2008, and inches in 2009, all below California s average annual precipitation total of 22.8 inches. 13 Similarly, annual precipitation totals in the City of Los Angeles were 3.21 inches in 10 State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Water Resources, The State Water Project Delivery Reliability Report, Department of Water Resources, 2012 State Water Project Initial Allocation, November 2011: /swpao/docs/notices/11 07.pdf; accessed January 26, 2012, 12 Agencies such as the California Department of Water Resources report hydraulic data on a water year basis. A water year extends from October 1 through September California Department of Water Resources, California Drought An Update. December 2009; online at City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 7 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

8 IV.M.1. Water Supply 2007, inches in 2008, and 7.98 inches in 2009, all below the City s average annual precipitation total of inches. 14 In response to the drought conditions, former Governor Schwarzenegger declared a State of Emergency Water Shortage on February 27, DWR s drought status update issued on January 29, 2010, stated that water year 2010 started off with below normal conditions in the fall season moving California into its fourth year of drought. On March 31, 2011, Governor Jerry Brown declared an end to the statewide drought emergency, and on April 12, 2011, the MWD Board voted to end implementation of the 2010/2011 water supply allocation which had set limitations on water deliveries. c. Global Warming and Climate Change Potential impacts of climate change on California s water resources include increases in temperature that could result in drought, and changes in precipitation patterns that could lead to floods, lowered groundwater table, a reduction in snowpack, decreased hydroelectric power, and changes in sea levels that could increase pressure on Delta levees. 15 The impact on California s water supply was examined in DWR s July 2006 report entitled Progress on Incorporating Climate Change into Management of California s Water Resources, which examined the potential impacts of selected scenarios on the SWP and Central Valley Project, Delta water quality, flood management, and evapotranspiration. The magnitude and nature of future changes are uncertain, and the relationship to water demand is not well understood, but in light of the uncertainty, the 2007 State Water Project Delivery Reliability Report prepared by DWR assumes that average yearly SWP Table A deliveries in 2027 will be reduced by 31 to 34 percent. 16 DWR s draft California Water Plan 2009 similarly incorporates climate change related uncertainty, risk, and sustainability into planning for the future. DWR s 2008 report, Climate Change Adaption Strategies for California s Water, identified ten adaption strategies for California s water supplies, ranging from more fully developing the potential of integrated regional water management, to the expansion of water storage and conjunctive management of surface and groundwater resources, to fixing Delta water supply, quality, and ecosystem conditions. 14 Ibid. 15 California Department of Water Resources, Managing an Uncertain Future, October Table A water deliveries represent the schedule of the maximum amount of water that water contractors to the DWR may receive annually from the SWP. There are 29 water contractors who have signed long term contracts with the DWR for a total of 4,173 million AF per year. Table A deliveries are not guarantees of annual delivery amounts but are used to allocate individual contractors portion of the delivery amounts available. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 8 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

9 IV.M.1 Water Supply MWD also recognizes that climate change will require the development alternative water supplies and an increasing emphasis water use efficiency, and in March 2002 adopted policies focused on conservation, groundwater recharge, and water recycling. More recently, MWD approved criteria to address impacts on the Delta from projected sea level rise and change in inflows due to climate change. These state in part, whatever option is chosen, it should provide water supply reliability, improve export water quality, allow flexible pumping operations in a dynamic fishery environment, enhance the Delta ecosystem, reduce seismic risks, and reduce climate change risks. 17 MWD is also evaluating the vulnerability of its water systems and developing appropriate response strategies and management tools. For further discussion of the effects of global climate change, please refer to Section IV.B, Air Quality, of this. d. Water Conservation and Recycling Water conservation and recycling will play an increasing role in meeting future water demands. LADWP has implemented water conservation and recycling programs with efforts underway to further promote and increase the level of these programs. LADWP is committed to meeting the increased future demand for water due to population growth through greater levels of water conservation and increased use of recycled water. As discussed above, LADWP s 2010 UWMP includes more stringent water conservation requirements in response to a number of issues, including new requirements under the Urban Water Management Planning Act of reducing per capita water use by 20 percent by The Mayor and LADWP have recently prepared Securing L.A. s Water Supply, which is a plan for creating sustainable sources of water for the future of Los Angeles. This plan is an aggressive multipronged approach that includes: investments in state of the art technology; a combination of rebates and incentives; the installation of smart sprinklers, efficient washers and urinals; and longterm measures such as expansion of water recycling and investment in cleaning up the local groundwater supply. The premise of the plan is for the City to meet all new demand due to projected population growth through a combination of water conservation and water recycling. 18 Water demands have been reduced to 1991 levels. 19 See the Project WSA (pages 10 through 16, and page 24) for further discussion of LADWP water conservation and recycling efforts. 17 Report for MWD Board Meeting September 11, 2007 Agenda Item Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, City of Los Angeles, 10,000 Santa Monica Boulevard, SCH # , September City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 9 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

10 IV.M.1. Water Supply e. Water Demand LADWP s 2010 UWMP provides normal year water demand projections in five year increments to 2035, based on population projections from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). These projections are shown in Table IV.M.1 3, City of Los Angeles Normal Year Water Demand Projections. As indicated, the City s water demand was 545,771 acre feet in 2010, and this is projected to increase to 641,622 acre feet by 2035 under normal year conditions. The 2010 UWMP projects a 15 percent lower water demand trend through 2035 than what was projected in the previous 2005 UWMP in response to increased water conservation requirements in the 2010 UWMP (one of the reasons for the decrease in projected water demand between 2030 and 2035). The 2010 UWMP also projects that adequate water supplies will be available to serve LADWP s service area under normal, single dry, and multi dry year conditions through Table IV.M.1 3 City of Los Angeles Normal Year Water Demand Projections a (in Acre Feet) , , , , , ,622 b Source: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 2010 Urban Water Management Plan, Exhibit ES H, April a The water demand estimates shown are under both active and passive water conservation measures. b Confirmed in the WSA for the Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, The Project site includes approximately 25 acres within the Echo Park Community Plan area of the City of Los Angeles. Stadium Way divides the Project site into eastern and western parcels. The eastern Project site is generally bounded by Scott Avenue, Boylston Street, and Stadium Way, while the western Project site is bounded by these streets and Elysian Park Drive. Existing on site uses include a hospital, medical building, and approximately 25 accessory buildings used for storage, maintenance, library and residential uses on the eastern Project site, and seven accessory buildings used for storage and maintenance on the western Project site, along with landscaping on both Project sites. As indicated in Table IV.M.1 4, Existing Water Demand at the Project Site, existing onsite water demand associated with these existing uses is estimated at 11,040 gpd or 12 AFY. 20 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 2010 Urban Water Management Plan, April City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 10 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

11 IV.M.1 Water Supply Existing Use Table IV.M.1 4 Existing Water Demand at the Project Site Quantity of land use Units Water Use Factor (gpd/unit) Demand (gpd) (AFY) Existing Use to be Removed Office 26,110 sf , Hospital/Medical Building 49 beds 75 3, Medical Building 14,200 sf , Maintenance c 3,985 sf Storage 1,260 sf Library 650 sf Residential 2 du du Landscaping 152,460 sf 10, Surface Parking 47,450 sf Total Existing Potable Water Demand = 23, Source: Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, Abbreviations: gpd gallons per day sf square feet af/y acre feet per year du dwelling unit f. Water Infrastructure Water for both domestic purposes and fire flow is provided to the Project site by the LADWP. The Project site is currently served by an 8 to 12 inch diameter water main beneath Stadium Way from Scott Avenue to Boylston Street. This water main conveys water for both domestic use and fire protection and has a maximum flow capacity of 2,500 gallons per minute (gpm) in the 8 inch portion and 5,000 gpm in the 12 inch portion. Eight inch and six inch diameter laterals deliver water from the Stadium Way main to the existing uses on the eastern and western Project sites, with laterals entering the eastern Project site near Building 1 and south of the Library Building, and mains entering the western Project site at each of the existing buildings. Water main/lateral diameters on and adjacent to the Project site, and associated maximum fire flow capacities, are identified in Table IV.M.1 5, Existing Project Site Water Mains/Laterals and Corresponding Fire Flow Water Pressure. A map showing the locations of these mains/laterals is included as Exhibit EX 1 in Appendix IV.M.1 of this. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 11 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

12 IV.M.1. Water Supply Table IV.M.1 5 Existing Project Site Water Mains/Laterals and Corresponding Fire Flow Water Pressure Water Main/Lateral Diameter Fire Flow Pressure 2 inch (on site) 250 gpm 4 inch (on site) 600 gpm 6 inch (on site) 1,400 gpm 8 12 inch (in Stadium Way and on site) 2,500 5,000 gpm Source: KPFF Consulting Engineers, There are three off site fire hydrants within 500 feet of the Project site, on Stadium Way near Scott Avenue to the north, Boylston Street to the south, and at the Project site s midpoint. The hydrants and building fire water service systems connect directly to the water main beneath Stadium Way. LADWP performed two fire service pressure flow tests for hydrants 1 and 2, respectively located at the northern end and midpoint of the Project site along Stadium Way (Appendix IV.K.2 of this ). The measured existing fire flow pressures are 2,393 gallons per minute (gpm) for hydrant 1 and for 1,946 gpm for hydrant 2. The minimum fire flow requirement for the existing Project site (i.e., the required water pressure for fire fighting purposes given the building construction types on site) is 1,500 gpm. A minimum residual water pressure of 20 pounds per square inch (psi) is required to remain in the water system, with the required gpm flowing simultaneously. This requirement is met on the Project site only where on site water pipe sizes are eight inches in diameter. 3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK a. California Urban Water Management Plan Act The California Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code [CWC] Division 6, Part 2.6, Sections ) addresses several State policies regarding water conservation and the development of water management plans to ensure the efficient use of available supplies. The Act also requires water suppliers to develop Urban Water Management Plans (UWMPs), and update them every five years, to identify short term and long term demand management measures to meet growing water demands during normal, dry, and multiple dry years. Specifically, municipal water suppliers that serve more than 3,000 customers or provide more than 3,000 acre feet (AF) per year of water must adopt an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 12 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

13 IV.M.1 Water Supply b. California Senate Bills 610, 221, and 7 State legislation addressing water supply, Senate Bill (SB) 610 (Costa) and SB 221 (Kuehl), became effective January 1, SB 610, codified in CWC et seq., describes requirements for both water supply assessments (WSAs) and UWMPs applicable to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) process. SB 610 requires that for projects subject to CEQA which meet specific size criteria, the water supplier must prepare a WSA that determines whether the projected water demand associated with a proposed project is included as part of the most recently adopted applicable UWMP. Specifically, a WSA shall identify existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts held by the public water system, and prior years water deliveries received by the public water system. In addition, it must address water supplies over a 20 year period and consider normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions. In accordance with SB 610, such projects subject to CEQA requiring completion of a WSA include the following: Residential developments of 500 dwelling units; Shopping centers or business establishments employing 1,000 persons or having 500,000 square feet of floor space; Commercial office buildings employing 1,000 persons or having 250,000 square feet of floor space; Hotels, motels, or both, having more than 500 rooms; Industrial, manufacturing, processing plants or industrial parks housing 1,000 persons, occupying 40 acres of land, or having 650,000 square feet of floor area; Mixed use projects that include one or more of the projects specified in this subdivision; or Projects that would demand an amount of water equivalent to or greater than the amount of water required by a 500 dwelling unit project (e.g., 500 equivalent dwelling units or EDUs). The WSA must be approved by the public water system at a regular/special meeting and incorporated into the CEQA document. The lead agency must then make certain findings related to water supply based on the WSA. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 13 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

14 IV.M.1. Water Supply In addition, under SB 610, a water supplier responsible for the preparation and periodic updating of an UWMP must describe the water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken to meet the total project water use of the service area. If groundwater is identified as a source of water available to the supplier, the following additional information must be included in the UWMP: (1) a groundwater management plan; (2) a description of the groundwater basin(s) to be used and the water use adjudication rights, if any; (3) a description and analysis of groundwater use in the past five years; and (4) a discussion of the sufficiency of the groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the supplier. Complementary legislation to SB 610 was enacted on November 10, 2009, with the passage of SB 7. SB 7 mandates new water conservation goals for UWMPs, requiring urban water suppliers to achieve a 20 percent per capita water consumption reduction by the year 2020 statewide, as described in the 20 x 2020 State Water Conservation Plan. 21 As such, each updated UWMP must now incorporate a description of how each respective urban water supplier will quantitatively implement this water conservation mandate, in addition to the requirements of SB 610. SB 221 addresses water supply in the land use planning process and focuses on new residential subdivisions in non urban areas. SB 221 requires that written verification from the water service provider be submitted indicating sufficient water supply is available to serve a proposed subdivision, or the local agency shall make a specified finding that sufficient water supplies are or will be available prior to completion of a project. SB 221 specifically applies to residential subdivisions of 500 units or more. In addition, Government Code Section (i) exempts any residential project proposed for a site that is within an urbanized area and has been previously developed for urban uses; or where the immediate contiguous properties surrounding the residential project site are, or previously have been, developed for urban uses; or housing projects that are exclusively for very low and low income households. The proposed Project is subject to the requirements of SB 610 because it would include the development of a replacement hospital, associated administration and support facility, skilled nursing facility, 888 multi family dwelling units, and 15,000 square feet of neighborhood serving commercial uses, which together would result in a net increase in demand of greater than 500 EDUs worth of water. Therefore, a WSA is required for the proposed Project from the water supplier which demonstrates that associated water demand has been accounted for in the most recently 21 California State Water Resources Control Board, 20 x 2020 Water Conservation Plan, February City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 14 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

15 IV.M.1 Water Supply adopted UWMP. The Project is not subject to the requirements of SB 221 because, while it would include more than 500 residential units, these residential units are proposed within an existing urban area, not a non urban area. c. California Code of Regulations Title 20, Sections (h) and (i) of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) establish efficiency standards (i.e., maximum flow rates) for all new federally regulated plumbing fittings and fixtures, including showerheads and lavatory faucets. The maximum flow rate for showerheads and lavatory faucets are 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 80 pounds per square inch (psi) and 2.2 gpm at 60 psi, respectively. In addition, Section (h) establishes State efficiency standards for nonfederally regulated plumbing fittings. d. MWD 2005 Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP) Pursuant to the Urban Water Management Planning Act, the Metropolitan Water District (MWD) prepared the 2005 Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP), which addresses the future of MWD s water supplies and demand through the year Campaigns for voluntary conservation, curtailment of replenishment water and agricultural water delivery are some of the actions outlined in the RUWMP to meet future water demand. If necessary, reduction in municipal and industrial water use and mandatory water allocation could be implemented. The RUWMP incorporates many of the actions and policies provided in MWD s Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan and Integrated Water Resources Plan. e. MWD Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) MWD, its member agencies, sub agencies and groundwater basin managers developed an Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) that was first adopted in 1996 and is updated every five years. The 1996 IRP served as a long term planning guideline for resources and capital investments. The purpose of the IRP was to provide for the development of a preferred resource mix (i.e., a balance of local and imported resources) to meet the water supply reliability and water quality needs for the region in a cost effective and environmentally sound manner. In its 1996 IRP, MWD established a water resource portfolio with real targets for each of the resources within the preferred mix. In 2004, a revised IRP was adopted that reviewed the goals and achievements of the original IRP, identified changed conditions for water resource development, and updated the resource targets through MWD completed the latest revision of the IRP in In the 2010 IRP, MWD continues to develop programs to enhance the reliability of its traditional core water City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 15 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

16 IV.M.1. Water Supply supplies, collaborates with member agencies to implement supply buffers to address uncertainty, and uses an adaptive management approach to address other future supply vulnerabilities and uncertainties. Successful implementation of the IRP has resulted in reliable supplemental water supplies for the City of Los Angeles from MWD. 22 f. MWD Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan (WSDM) In 1999, MWD incorporated the water shortage contingency analysis required as part of its UWMP into the Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan (WSDM). The plan provides guidance to manage MWD s water supplies and achieve the goals laid out in the agency s IRP. The WSDM separates resource actions into Surplus Actions and Shortage Actions, and considers the region to be in surplus only after MWD has met all demand for water. The Surplus Actions store surplus water first inside, and then outside, the region, The Shortage Actions include actions to be taken during shortages, severe shortages, and extreme shortages, including water transfers, conservation, efficiency programs, and in extreme cases, delivery reductions. g. MWD Water Supply Allocation Plan While the WSDM included general actions for MWD to take to address water shortage conditions, it did not include a detailed water supply allocation plan. Therefore, MWD adopted the Water Supply Allocation Plan in 2008 which includes a formula for determining reductions of water deliveries to member agencies during extreme water shortage conditions. In July, 2010, MWD s Board adopted a resolution declaring a regional water shortage and implementing required water conservation measures by member agencies to achieve a 10% reduction in water use. Those required water conservation measures expired in July h. MWD Five Year Supply Plan In April 2008, MWD began working with its member agencies on a Five Year Supply Plan (Supply Plan) to identify specific resource and conservation actions over the next five years to manage water deliveries under continued drought conditions and court ordered restrictions. The Supply Plan focuses on the following six categories of resource options to improve MWD s water supply reliability of the next five years: water conservation, Colorado River Transactions, Near Term Delta Actions, SWP Transactions, Groundwater Recovery, and local resources. MWD s estimate of the 22 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 16 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

17 IV.M.1 Water Supply dry year yield of the Supply Plan actions would be approximately 412,000 AF in 2008, increasing up to 532,000 in i. LADWP Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) In accordance with the California Urban Water Management Planning Act (California State Water Code ), LADWP adopted the 2010 UWMP on May 3, 2011, which incorporates the water conservation mandates of SB The UWMP details LADWP s efforts to promote the efficient use and management of its water resources. LADWP s UWMP used a service area wide method in developing its water demand projections whereby growth in water use for the entire service area was considered in developing long term water projections for the City of Los Angeles over the next 25 years. LADWP used anticipated growth in the various customer class sectors, as provided by MWD, which reallocated projected demographic data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) into member agencies service areas. The data used was based on SCAG s 2008 Regional Transportation Plan Forecast. 25 The 2010 UWMP addresses priorities and water supply and demand forecasts through 2035, based in part on the 40 WSAs that were prepared during the period from 2005 to MWD, LADWP s supplemental water supplier, has also been actively developing plans and making efforts to provide additional water supply reliability for the entire Southern California region (see above subsections). LADWP coordinates closely with MWD to ensure implementation of MWD s water resource development plans. This allows LADWP to work collaboratively with MWD to ensure the City s anticipated water demands are incorporated into MWD s long term water resources development plan. 26 A number of important changes have been incorporated into LADWP s 2010 UWMP relative to the 2005 UWMP. First, LADWP developed more focused strategies to address the water reliability given the occurrence of the lowest snowpack on record in the Sierra Nevada in 2007, water required for environmental mitigation in the Owens Valley, and reduced water deliveries from the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta due to mitigation requirements in the Delta. Second, new requirements were added to the Urban Water Management Planning Act, including the legislative 23 City of Los Angeles, The Village at Westfield Topanga, SCH # , February Urban Water Management Plan for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, January 2011 Draft Ibid. 26 Ibid. City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 17 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

18 IV.M.1. Water Supply mandate of reducing per capita water use by 20 percent by And third, LADWP developed a new demand forecast based on more rigorous analysis of water use trends and measurement of achieved water conservation. 27 j. LADWP s Securing L.A. s Water Supply The City of Los Angeles is faced with various ongoing challenges in securing its future water supplies due to droughts, environmental restrictions, and climate change. In response to these uncertainties, including those impacting MWD, the Mayor and LADWP prepared and released a Water Supply Action Plan, entitled "Securing L.A.'s Water Supply," in The plan serves as a blueprint for creating sustainable sources of water for the City of Los Angeles to reduce dependence on imported supplies. 28 This plan incorporates an aggressive multi pronged approach that includes: investments in state of the art technology; a combination of rebates and incentives; the installation of smart sprinklers, efficient washers and urinals; and long term measures such as expansion of water recycling and investment in cleaning up the local groundwater supply. The plan outlines short term conservation strategies, as well as long term conservation and recycling measures. Short term conservation strategies include enforcing prohibited uses of water, expanding the prohibited uses of water, extending outreach efforts, and encouraging regional conservation measures. Long term conservation and recycling measures include increasing water conservation through reduction of outdoor water use and technology, maximizing water recycling, enhancing stormwater capture, accelerating clean up of the local groundwater basin, and expanding groundwater storage. In total, the City anticipates that the plan will conserve or recycle 32.6 billion gallons of water a year. By 2019, half of all new demand is estimated to be filled by a six fold increase in recycled water supplies, and by 2030 the other half will be met by water made available because of increased conservation efforts. 29 k. City of Los Angeles Municipal Code (LAMC) The City of Los Angeles has adopted several ordinances aimed at reducing water consumption. Specifically, Ordinance No. 172,075 (Chapter XII, Article II of the Los Angeles Municipal Code (LAMC)) requires all building owners to install low flow showerheads with a maximum flow of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Water Supply Assessment for the Barlow Replacement and Master Plan Project, January 3, Securing L.A. s Water Supply, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa and the City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, May eb _Content/LACITY_ pdf. 29 City of Los Angeles, The Village at Westfield Topanga, SCH # , February City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 18 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

19 IV.M.1 Water Supply gpm; water closets with a maximum flow of 3.5 gpm; and low flow urinals with a maximum 1.5 gallons per flush prior to obtaining building permits. Ordinance No. 163,532 (Chapter XII, Article IV of the LAMC) requires a 10 percent reduction in irrigation for large turf areas (three acres of turf or greater). Ordinance No. 170,978 (Chapter I, Article II of the LAMC) requires numerous water conservation measures in landscape, installation, and maintenance, including, but not limited to the use of drip irrigation and soak hoses in lieu of sprinklers to lower the amount of water lost to evaporation and overspray; setting automatic sprinkler systems to irrigate during the early morning or evening hours to minimize water loss due to evaporation; and watering less in the cooler months and during the rainy season. The City s Water Rate Ordinance establishes water rates based on a two tier system to encourage water conservation. The lower tier rates are charged to users that use water consistent with their assigned allotment by use type, with the higher tier rates charged to users that exceed their allotment. Additionally, the City has begun enforcement of prohibited water uses as defined in the City's Emergency Water Conservation Plan Ordinance (Chapter XIII, Article I, of the LAMC). The ordinance, which was updated in 2010, sets forth five different phases of required water conservation based on water conditions, with LADWP making a recommendation to the Mayor on an annual basis as to phase, and the Mayor independently evaluating the recommendation and making the final determination as to phase for the given year. Water conservation requirements applicable to City water users become more restrictive as the phases increase from Phase I to Phase V, with requirements covering: how, when and where water may be used; the types of water conserving fixtures/equipment that must be incorporated into new development; operational guidelines for hotel and other water users; and in extreme conditions, limits on days of the week when irrigation and other types of water use may occur, and prohibitions of water use for certain types of uses. l. LA Green Code In November 2008, the California Building Standards Commission established the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), which sets performance standards for residential and nonresidential development to reduce environmental impacts and encourage sustainable construction practices. When the CALGreen code went into effect in 2009, compliance through 2010 was voluntary. As of January 1, 2011, the CALGreen code is mandatory for all new buildings constructed in the State. The CALGreen code addresses energy efficiency, water conservation, City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 19 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project

20 IV.M.1. Water Supply material conservation, planning and design, and overall environmental quality. 30 In December 2010, the Los Angeles City Council adopted the CALGreen code as Ordinance No , thus codifying provisions of CALGreen as the new Los Angeles Green Code (LA Green Code). 31 The LA Green Code would be applicable to the construction of every new building, every new building alteration with a permit valuation of over $200,000, and every building addition unless otherwise noted. 4. IMPACT ANALYSIS a. Methodology Pursuant to SB 610, LADWP prepared a WSA for the proposed Project (included as Appendix IV.M.1 of this ). That WSA, which is used as the primary basis for determining the water supply impacts of the proposed Project, calculates anticipated net water demand for the Project based on the proposed land uses, accounting for existing water demand as well as the reduction in water demand resulting from the Project s water conservation features. The WSA then considers whether the LADWP has sufficient water supplies to accommodate the proposed Project during normal, single dry, and multiple dry years for the next 20 years, taking into account existing regional water demand and supply and projected future water demand and supply during this period. The analysis of Project impacts with regard to water infrastructure capacity is based on water infrastructure information contained in the Wastewater Technical Report and a fire flow analysis conducted by LADWP (included as Appendices IV.M 2 and IV.K 2 of this, respectively). The report and fire flow analysis determine whether existing water infrastructure serving the Project site is adequately sized to accommodate Project domestic water demand and fire flow requirements. The report and fire flow analysis also identify the domestic and fire flow infrastructure improvements required to provide the required capacity/flow. b. Significance Thresholds Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines provides a set of screening questions that address impacts with regard to water as follows: 30 California 2010 Green Building Standards Code, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part Los Angeles Municipal Code Ordinance , adopted by Los Angeles City Council on December 14, 2010; accessed March City of Los Angeles IV.M.1 20 Barlow Hospital Replacement and Master Plan Project