Workshop Industrial application of SOFC systems: the DEMOSOFC project

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1 Workshop Industrial application of SOFC systems: the DEMOSOFC project Prof. Massimo Santarelli, PhD Dipartimento Energia, Politenico di Torino (IT) Politecnico di Torino - Sala Consiglio di Facoltà C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino (ITALY) Tuesday, November 14th 2017

2 THE DEMOSOFC PROJECT H2020 Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No Demonstration of large SOFC systems fed with biogas from WWTP

3 The DEMOSOFC project- Objectives 1. Construction and analysis of an industrial CHP plant (174 kw e + 90 kw th ) based on SOFC technology, fed by a renewable fuel (biogas from sewage sludge), located in an industrial environment: electrical efficiency, thermal recovery, zero emissions and integration with the existing plant. 2. Exploitation of the results and business analysis for replication of the same concept, first in the biogas sector but in general in industrial applications. 3. Dissemination of the results (energy and economic) The largest and the first industrial size SOFC plant in Europe (174 kw e + 90 kw th ) fed by biogas from sewage sludge 3

4 THE DEMOSOFC PLANT IN TORINO (Italy)

5 The SMAT Collegno Waste Water Treatment Plan Entering load to the Collegno WWTP: P.E. Ranking # 50 in Europe for entering load and capacity Biogas is currently burned inside boilers for production of hot water, used for sludge preheating 5 5

6 Biogas production 6

7 The DEMOSOFC plant layout 7

8 The DEMOSOFC plant layout Electrical cabinet room and control room Biogas processing system (purification and compression) 3 SOFC modules 174 kwe (3 x58 kwe) 8

9 The DEMOSOFC plant P&ID Compressed air SOFC modules Heat recovery - primary loop Heat recovery - secondary loop Auxiliary gas (N,H) Gas holder Biogas line Biogas clean-up and compression 9

10 The SOFC modules (1/3) Advantages» High electrical efficiency(55 to 58%)» Zero pollutants emissions» Suitable for different fuels Electricity produced by the 3 SOFC modules will cover 25-30% of the WWTP electrical consumptions. Inlet flows: - Biogas (4 bar) - Ambient air - Compressed air (only for start-up) - NH mix purge gas (for standby) Outlet flows: - Electrical power - Thermal power (water at 80 C) - Exhaust gas (CO 2 and H 2 O only) 10

11 First results (2/3) DA MODIFICARE. 11

12 First results (3/3) 12

13 Biogas purification system (1/4) H2S Silicon 36 Oct 20, Jul 24, 2015 Sep 16, 2015 Mar 1, mg H 2 S / Nm Jul 9, 2015 Aug 7, 2015 Sept 28, 2015 Jan 26, 2015 Feb 12, mg tot. Si / Nm

14 C64 C64 C64 CKC C64 CKC Biogas purification system (2/4) Required purification level for SOFC H 2 S: 30 ppb Siloxanes: 10 ppb 14

15 Biogas purification system (3/4) ACTIVATED CARBONS REACTORS ONLINE GAS ANALYZER COMPRESSOR 15

16 Some results (4/4) Component Before cleanup After clean-up Unit Hydrogen - H mg/m 3 Oxygen - O % Balance/ Nitrogen - N % Carbon Monoxide - CO mg/m 3 Carbon Dioxide - CO % VOCs: mg/m 3 Acetone mg/m 3 Aliphatic hydrocarbons (C5- C8) mg/m 3 Aromatic hydrocarbons < 0.83 < 0.11 mg/m 3 Chlorinated organic compounds < 0.83 < 0.11 mg/m 3 Sulfur compounds mg/m 3 Total siloxanes: 1 < 0.01 mg/m 3 D mg/m 3 D mg/m 3 L mg/m 3 16

17 Heat recovery system (1/2) 3 PRIMARY LOOPS SECONDARY LOOP 17

18 Heat recovery system (2/2) CIRCULATION PUMPS WATER-SLUDGE HEAT EXCHANGER Hot water (design temperatures C) able to cover from 50 to 100% (winter-summer) of thermal load required for sludge pre-heating (Total Solid Content 2%) 18

19 The plant 19

20 Video VIDEO TO BE INCLUDED 20

21 SOFC potential market applications

22 Potential applications for the SOFC technology Biogas Prime power Maritime power Airport Control Tower Breweries Chemical plants Chloralkali industry Cinemas/ Museums Clean rooms Cold storage Food and beverage Backup power Extensive horticulture Feed e-mobility Financial district Plastic injection molding Oil platform Smart grid CHP Hotels Hospitals 22

23 The overall electrical consumption of WWTP sector in Europe is comparable with the electrical consumption of Serbia (Torregrossa et al., 2016) 3-4% of the national electrical request is used for water treatment and this corresponds to 30.2 billion kwh per year and more than 21 million tons of GHG emissions (Shen et al., 2015). 23

24 Potential markets analysis (1/3) The largest 10 WWTPs in Europe are processing 5.4% of the entire EU waste water WWTPs from 11 till 1000 (3% of all plants) are processing 46% of the entire EU waste water European Database UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive) 24

25 Potential markets analysis (2/3) Minimum entering load for WWTP with anaerobic digestion: P.E. ( P.E. ~ 40 kw SOFC) Biogas specific production: l/p.e./day (value for conservative calculation: 10 l biogas/p.e./day) Methane content: 65% Potential biogas production in EU billion m 3 /y Capacity factor: 95% SOFC electrical efficiency: 53% (conservative, now already 58%) Potential SOFC installations in EU MW el 25

26 Potential markets analysis (3/3) 250 Potential electrical MW (SOFC) WWTPs (number of plants) XS S M L XL 0 XS S M L XL XS 20,000-60,000 P.E kw S 60, ,000 P.E kw M 150, ,000 P.E kw L 350, ,000 P.E kw XL >750, kw 26

27 Thank you! Prof. Massimo Santarelli, PhD Dipartimento Energia, Politenico di Torino (IT) DEMOSOFC Page Steps POLITO Steps POLITO

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