Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: U.S. Policy Update. MECA Annual Cape Cod Meeting Robert Rose

Transcription

1 Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: U.S. Policy Update MECA Annual Cape Cod Meeting Robert Rose

2 H 2 Policy Time Line 01/02: Freedom Car 09/02: Path Forward Published 01/03: Bush State-of-the-Union: $1.7 Billion 02/03: Building Museum Event Budget Released 03/03: Dorgan Introduced $6.5 Billion Proposal 04/03: H.R. 6 Approved by House Abraham in agreement with EU 06/03: G-8 Ministers pledge cooperation on Codes and Standards

3 2003 Timeline Cont. Energy Bill enacted? (50-50) Spending levels approved (?) (75-25) Fleet demonstration programs chosen H 2, portable power, APU, stack research programs awarded International programs begin to be sorted (?)

4 FreedomCAR and Hydrogen Initiative Goal:! Enable automotive manufacturers and the energy industry to make a commercialization decision in 2015 regarding fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure 2004 Funding = $273M

5 2003: FreedomCAR + Hydrogen Initiative! FreedomCAR Fuel Cell + Hydrogen (part) + Selected Vehicle Programs = $150M 2004:! FreedomCAR = Fuel Cell + Hydrogen (all) + Selected Vehicle Programs = $273M! Freedom Fuel = Fuel Cell + Hydrogen Programs = $182M

6 Vehicle Related R&D Program Fuel Cells Hydrogen (part/all) Freedom Car Vehicle Totals 21 St C. Truck Other Grand Totals FY 2003 Request $49.9 $25.0 $74.5 $150 $70.1 $8.9 $229 FY 2004 Request $77.5 $104.2 $91.1 $272.8 $57.5 $9.0 $337.3

7 Hydrogen Initiative 2004 Initiative Fuel Cells + Hydrogen Research Prepare U.S. economy for transition to hydrogen R&D in production, delivery, storage and distribution Accelerate demonstrations $1.2B/5 years; $182M in FY 2004

8 Hydrogen: Major Programs Expand hydrogen production and delivery research (higher efficiency, lower cost)! Hydrogen from renewables Vehicle hydrogen storage Infrastructure technologies and validation! Power Parks to co-produce H2 Education Codes, standards, recommended practices

9 Hydrogen Programs Sub-Program Production/Delivery Storage Infrastructure Safety/Codes Education Nuclear H2 Initiative Coal/Gas Extraction Totals FY 2003 $11.8 $11.3 $10.0 $4,8 $3.0 $0.0 $3.0 $43.9 FY 2004 $23.0 $30.0 $13.2 $16.0 $5.8 $4.0 $11.5 $104.2* *Includes a small amount from other agencies.

10 Fuel Cell Vehicles: Major Programs Cost reduction! Stack + System components Distributed Systems! PEM for power generation Fuel Processor R&D! On-board = Off-board Outreach and Education

11 Fuel Cell Vehicles Sub-Program Transport. Systems Distributed Energy Stack Components Fuel Processor Tech. Validation Other Totals FY 2003 $ 7.6 $ 7.5 $14.9 $25.3 $ 1.8 $ 0.4 $57.7 FY 2004 $ 7.6 $ 7.5 $28.0 $19.0 $15.0 $ 0.4 $77.5

12 FreedomCAR and Other Vehicle Programs 10-year research program Launched in 2003 by changing name of PNGV dropping hardware delivery goal and adding technology milestones Many programs continue to focus on conventional systems $273M in FY additional $57.5M for 21 st Century Trucks and $9M other

13 Future Gen: Coal and Carbon Sequestration $1 billion facility to produce electricity from coal with carbon sequestration Industry led consortium 10-year program (5 years operation) cutting edge technologies 275 MW output or equivalent! H-2 burned in turbines or used in fuel cells! Possible use in refineries

14 DOE Fuel Cells for Transportation Funding History Dollars in Millions Transportation Stationary '87'88'89'90'91'92'93'94'95'96'97'08'99'00'01'02'03' Fiscal Year REQUEST

15 DOE Hydrogen Funding History 120 Dollars in Millions '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 Hydrogen Fiscal Year REQUEST

16 Many Other Agencies DOD/DARPA Agriculture Department Commerce (ATP, NIST) EPA

17 At least 21 State Agencies Actively Support RE, Some With Explicit Focus on Fuel Cells States with Public Benefit Funds, Active Energy Offices or Economic Development Agencies with Focus on Alternative Energy Hawaii Alaska Explicit focus and/or funding for fuel cells programs Focus on alternative energy, but limited focus on fuel cells Source: aceee, May 2002; CRE interviews SOURCE: cleanenergyfunds.org

18 Energy Bill Programs $2 billion (House) to $3 billion (Senate) in authority Reauthorize Hydrogen Future Act! Research, demonstrations, advice Education Programs Up to 2.5 cent/kwh generation subsidy (House Bill)

19 Energy Bill Programs Demonstration Programs! Vehicles! Power generation! Portable power! National parks! Indian tribes! International! Renewable hydrogen

20 Energy Bill Programs Fed fleet purchase requirements! Up to 20% in 2012 Power purchase requirements Tax subsidies! Vehicles! Distributed generation installations

21 Technology Highlights

22 Technology Highlights Toyota and Honda are leasing vehicles GM Clearly has the P.R. lead GM has backed off on-board reforming GM/Shell team to demonstrate small fleet in DC

23 Highlights DOE proposes up to $240 million for demonstrations! ExxonMobil will not participate CA FCP extends itself four more years Hydrogen storage still key barrier

24 Personal Power Microscale reformer from PNL contains a catalytic combustor, a steam reformer, two vaporizers, and a recuperative heat exchanger

25 Honda FCX 80 HP electric drive 93 mph top speed 3713 pounds! 5000 psi H-2 storage > 170 mile range

26 Honda FCX-V1 Metal Hydride 1999 FCX-V2 Methanol 1999 FCX-V4 Compressed H FCX Compressed H2 2002

27 Toyota FINE-S

28 Toyota RAV 4 FCEV Methanol 1997 FCHV-3 Metal Hydride 2001 FCHV-4 Compressed H FCHV-5 CHF 2001

29 Ford TH!NK FC Methanol Focus FCV Compressed H2 (3600 psi) 2000 Advanced Focus FCV Compressed H2 (5,000 psi) 2002

30 Ford Ready for production Focus FCEV Hybrid Fuel cell/battery hybrid 68 kw Ballard PEM stack 320 km range 128 km/hr top speed ~50 mpg equiv.

31 Daimler Chrysler NECAR 5 Methanol 2000 NECAR 4a Compressed H NECAR 4 LH Natrium Sodium Borohydride 2001 Jeep Commander 2 Methanol 2000

32 GM HydroGen3 LH Zafira Methanol 1998 Precept Metal Hydride 2000 Chevy S-10 CHF (Low- Sulfur, Clean Gasoline) 2001

33 End-Users! Hermes Delivery Service, Germany (1 DCX)! City of L.A., CA (5 Honda)! Japanese Government Offices (1 Honda; 4 Toyota)! UC Irvine & Davis (6 Toyota)! Demonstration Programs! CaFCP! Japan s H2 & Fuel Cell Demo. Project! FedEx, Tokyo, Japan (1 GM)! GM and Shell, Washington DC (6 GM) EPA & CARB ZEV Certified

34 Company Specifics GM! 75-kW hydrogen backup DG in 2005! Cost reduction FORD! ~40 FC fleet cars in 2004 in Germany & CA! Hydrogen ICEs at competitive prices in 2004! Ramp up to 50,000 by 2010 worldwide (4/02) DAIMLERCHRYSLER! 60 H2 FC fleet cars in worldwide starting in 2003! 8 in Japan in early 2003! 15 in Singapore by early 2004! More in CA HONDA! 30 H2 FC fleet cars over next 2-3 years in CA TOYOTA! 1-kW Japanese residential DG in 2005! 20 H2 FC fleet cars worldwide! 10 in CA NISSAN! H2 FC fleet cars in 2003

35 Fuel Cell Buses 33 Citaro Hydrogen FC Buses! CUTE! ECTOS! STEP CaFCP! SunLine! AC Transit! VTA Toyota/Hino Motors BVG in Germany Natural Resources Canada (w/ Hydrogenics)

36 Government Projects United States! FreedomCAR! The President s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative! President Bush: mass produced FCVs by Europe! Developing road map! Share of 2.2 billion Euro research budget Japan! Pushing the technology out! Laying groundwork for commercialization by 2005! 50,000 FCVs by 2010! 5,000,000 FCVs by 2020! 1 out of every 14